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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Research on the relationship of diagnosis, genetics, violence, and psychological factors to suicide has changed dramatically during the past 20 years. Within this changing framework the author reviews current research, which focuses on understanding why some patients within one diagnostic category such as depression or schizophrenia commit suicide while others do not; separating genetic factors responsible for suicide from those responsible for depression; clarifying the biological correlates of suicide and aggression; and examining the psychosocial and demographic factors affecting suicide among the young and old, men and women, and various cultures and subcultures.
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PMID:Suicide: a review of new directions in research. 241 33

Depression and suicidal behavior are commonly found among schizophrenic patients and schizophrenia is associated with an increased risk of suicide; the reasons for this are reviewed.
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PMID:Depression, attempted suicide, and suicide in patients with chronic schizophrenia. 242 Dec 71

Bipolar affective disorder appears to be a heterogeneous disorder with multiple independently inherited disease genes, each giving similar clinical results (bipolar, unipolar, and other disorders). This conclusion derives from the recent findings of separate forms of illness linked to single gene markers, with the preponderance of cases in several studies not linked to any of them. At this time, reports of linkage to chromosome 11 and to the color-blindness region of X chromosome are widely accepted, but reports of linkage of the HLA region of chromosome 6 have been criticized and are considered controversial. Persons born in successive decades of the 20th century have progressively greater risks for bipolar and unipolar affective disorders, suicide, and alcoholism but not schizophrenia. This multinational trend begins with persons born in the 1930s and extends to the present time (or possibly until the present decade). For affective disorders, this trend has greater effect in families of affective disorder patients than in the population as a whole, implying a genetic-environment interaction.
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PMID:Recent developments in genetics of manic-depressive illness. 257 20

A survey was conducted of 47 suicides, 16 failed suicides, and 24 attempted suicides that occurred from Brisbane river bridges over 15 years. Compared with findings from other suicide surveys, subjects of bridge suicides and failed suicides had a much higher rate of schizophrenia (46%), with hallucinations often precipitating the jump. They also had extensive histories of previous self-harm. Those who attempted suicide by jumping had a higher rate of personality disorder (58%) compared with findings from other attempted suicide surveys, and had very extensive histories of previous self-harm which tended to continue beyond the bridge incident. Both groups had histories of extensive previous psychiatric care.
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PMID:Suicide and related behaviour from river bridges. A clinical perspective. 262 Feb 10

An attempt is made to clinically differentiate between schizophreniform and schizophrenic disorders through the data obtained from a computerized clinical record. The information was handled by the SPSSX statistical program package. A group of 15 variables (flat affect, altered spontaneous attention, delusional mood, primary delusion, thoughts of suicide, disturbed sleep, D and Pt scores of the MMPI, axis V of DSM-III, secondary effects evaluated after a month of treatment, length of hospitalization, disorder development time and migration) enabled the two disorders to be differentiated, and of these, four (migration, Pt score on the MMPI, BPRS score after a month of treatment and the secondary effects after one month treatment) formed a discriminant function that differentiated 100% of the cases studied.
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PMID:[Schizophreniform disorder: a comparative study of the active phases of schizophrenic disorders]. 263 74

The authors review the practice of psychiatry in Africa today. They describe the similarities as well as the differences between psychiatry in Africa and in the Western world in the rates, presentations, and treatment of neurosis, depression, schizophrenia, and suicide and drug- and alcohol-related problems. Child psychiatric services and research in biological psychiatry are rare in Africa, and sociocultural problems confront epidemiologic studies and the use of psychotherapy. The authors conclude that to achieve the goal of mental health care for all Africans, psychiatry should be included in the primary health care program, regional postgraduate medical centers are needed, and a means of gathering statistics and funding research should be fostered.
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PMID:Psychiatry in Africa: an overview. 234 41

Depressive symptoms and syndromes in schizophrenia are common but heterogeneous with respect to etiology, presentation, course, and treatment. Based on a comprehensive differential diagnosis that identifies ten clinical subgroups, the authors review relevant treatment studies and offer current treatment guidelines. The clinical recommendations focus on addressing underlying problems such as medication side effects and substance abuse, attempting to identify and treat medication-responsive syndromes, and preventing suicide. The categories and treatments presented here are expected to evolve as researchers continue to elucidate clinically meaningful syndromes and to develop specific treatments. Nevertheless, current knowledge suggests that many schizophrenics with depression and depression-like symptoms can be treated effectively.
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PMID:Depression in schizophrenia: current guidelines to treatment. 269 36

The author reviews a number of studies which have shown that the overall mortality among patients with schizophrenia is about twice that in the general population. The highest excess mortality is found in suicide and violent death, but there seems to be an increased mortality also in cardiovascular disorders. Whether there is an increased mortality in cancer among schizophrenic patients remains a controversial issue. A reduced mortality, and particularly a reduced suicide rate, must be an important aim for any treatment policy or therapeutic program. The use of computerized patient data bases, linked to cause-of-death registers, is recommended to permit regular followup studies of large patient populations and facilitate the access to medical records and death records for more detailed analyses. A 10-year followup of 1,190 patients with schizophrenia, selected from the Stockholm County inpatient register is described. The overall mortality was more than twice that in the general population, and the mortality in suicide was more than 10 times higher. The inpatient register was used to identify hospital episodes. Medical records were then obtained for studies on the validity of diagnoses and causes of death and for analyses of risk factors for suicide.
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PMID:Schizophrenia: a life-shortening disease. 271 90

A 3-year urban material of suicides in adolescents and young adults (age 15-29 years) was studied retrospectively by means of interviews with survivors (n = 58). Classification of mental disorders according to DSM-III-R showed that major depression was important as background to suicides in 41%, primary (22%) or secondary (19%) to other disorders. Adding major depression, depressive disorder, not otherwise specified, dysthymia and adjustment disorder with depressed mood gave a total of 64% depressive syndromes. Schizophrenia (14%) and borderline personality disorder (28%) constituted other relevant groups. Coexisting substance use disorder occurred in 47%. A majority of the subjects (72%) were known by psychiatric caregivers and 16% committed suicide during inpatient care.
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PMID:Mental disorder in youth suicide. DSM-III-R Axes I and II. 275 May 50

The authors collected a series of 236 cases of multiple personality (MPD) reported to them by 203 psychiatrists, clinical psychologists and other health care professionals. MPD patients experienced extensive sexual (79.2%) and physical (74.9%) abuse as children. They had been in the health care system for an average of 6.7 years before being diagnosed with MPD and had an average of 15.7 personalities at the time of reporting. The most common alter personalities were a child personality (86.0%), a personality of a different age (84.5%), a protector personality (84.0%), and a persecutor personality (84.0%). Patients MPD are highly suicidal with 72% attempting suicide and 2.1% being successful. The patients frequently received diagnoses for other mental disorders. The most common previous diagnoses were for affective disorders (63.7%), personality disorders (57.4%), anxiety disorders (44.3%), and schizophrenia (40.8%).
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PMID:Multiple personality disorder: an analysis of 236 cases. 231 49


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