Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Anxiety is the second most common psychiatric condition that a nurse practitioner is likely to see clinically. It is first necessary to determine whether the anxiety is primary or secondary. Primary anxiety conditions include: acute and chronic anxiety reactions, panic attacks, simple or multiple phobias, post-traumatic stress disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorders. Secondary anxiety is seen in relationship to depression, schizophrenia, physical illness, organic mental disorders and substance abuse. This article focuses on the evaluation of panic attacks and generalized anxiety states.
 ...
PMID:Panic attacks and generalized anxiety states. 647 42

Numerous studies have examined the effects of burn size and depth, age, concomitant injury, and illness upon burn patient mortality and duration of stay in hospital, and other studies have stressed the importance of psychosocial factors in the causation of burns. However, scant attention has been given to the effects of psychosocial factors on burn mortality and length of stay in hospital. Data on psychiatric diagnoses, substance abuse, and factors in severity of injury were abstracted from the charts of patients admitted to the San Diego Regional Burn Treatment Center. Mortality data were analysed using logistic regression. After adjusting for severity of the burn injury, statistically significant increases in mortality are associated with the diagnosis of character or personality disorder, schizophrenia, alcohol intoxication at the time of injury, and a variable indication a psychiatric diagnosis or severe undiagnosed problems. Comments on individual charts suggest that overtly self-destructive behaviour during treatment caused the increased mortality. Data on duration of stay in hospital among survivors were analysed using multiple linear regression. After adjusting for severity of injury, significantly longer stays are associated with suicidal intention, diagnosis of character or personality disorder, schizophrenia, senility and a variable indicating a psychiatric diagnosis or severe undiagnosed problems. Overtly self-destructive behaviour, treatment of psychiatric problems, and the inability of some patients to care for themselves may each contribute to the longer stay in hospital.
 ...
PMID:Behavioural factors in burn mortality and length of stay in hospital. 647 86

In a group of 55 chronic schizophrenic men aged 20-45 years, the mean ventricle to brain ratio (VBR) on computerized tomographic brain scan was significantly greater than in 27 matched control subjects. A clinical comparison was then conducted between the schizophrenic patients with VBRs above (N = 19) or below (N = 36) 2 SD from the control mean. No differences were found in age of onset, premorbid history, duration of illness, severity of illness, response to neuroleptic drug treatment, presence of positive or negative symptoms, substance abuse, or cognitive testing. However patients with VBRs greater than 2 SD above the mean were significantly older and had a significantly higher frequency of history of schizophrenia in a first-degree relative.
 ...
PMID:Clinical differences between schizophrenic patients with and without large cerebral ventricles. 660 65

Primary alcoholics may display symptoms of affective or psychotic disorders, while mentally ill patients may develop persistent alcohol-related problems. The author discusses the importance of distinguishing alcoholic psychosis from schizophrenia and alcohol-induced confusion from organic brain syndrome. He then outlines the diagnosis and treatment of other alcohol-induced conditions such as alcoholic dementia, antisocial behavior, and drug abuse. After stressing that primary alcoholism can mimic almost any psychiatric disorder, and secondary alcohol abuse can exacerbate any psychiatric symptoms, the author asserts that physicians should routinely include substance abuse as part of the differential diagnosis of psychiatric patients.
 ...
PMID:Alcoholism and other psychiatric disorders. 664 46

In planning for the continued care of its large veteran population, the Veterans Administration is taking into account needs generated by trends such as a decreasing incidence of schizophrenia among veterans, an increasing use of outpatient services, and an increasing number of veterans suffering from alcoholism and substance abuse. The authors discuss the characteristics of the three types of VA medical centers that serve psychiatric patients: small general hospitals without a medical school affiliation; large general hospitals with a medical school affiliation; and large general hospitals with large psychiatric populations. One major goal of future planning is to institute psychiatric services at all of the 172 VA medical centers. Another goal is to ensure that each facility with a medical school affiliation will have a day hospital, a day treatment center, and a mental hygiene clinic.
 ...
PMID:The future of Veterans Administration Hospital programs for psychiatric patients. 712 88

Both schizophrenia and substance abuse have been associated with cerebral impairment, although the neuro psychological performance of schizophrenic patients with substance abuse histories has not been examined. In this study, the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery was administered to schizophrenic patients with or without histories of substance abuse. The study found that the schizophrenics without substance abuse histories showed evidence of cerebral dysfunction, while those schizophrenics with histories of substance abuse could not be differentiated from normal.
 ...
PMID:Neuropsychological performance in schizophrenics with histories of substance abuse. 716 91

All 533 patients in the acute and subacute psychiatric wards of a VA psychiatric facility were evaluated by nursing staff for substance abuse history and for illicit drug use. Eighteen percent had a history of either drug or combined drug and alcohol problems, 40% had a history of alcohol abuse, and only 42% had no substance abuse problems. Fifty-six of the patients with a history of drug problems (58%) were illicitly using drugs in the hospital. They were compared with a group of 64 randomly chosen patients with no substance abuse history. Drug users were much younger and tended to be black; they had more re-admissions, even though their original hospital admission was much more recent. Eighty-three percent of both groups had a primary diagnosis of schizophrenia, but drug users were more likely to be diagnosed paranoid schizophrenic. The groups did not differ significantly in treatment status and progress, except that drug users were more likely to exhibit marked mood changes. Half of the drug users were taking drugs three or more times weekly. Marijuana use was by far the most common substance observed. Ten consequences of drug use occurred in at least one-third of the users on a regular basis, the most common effects being negative attitudes toward treatment, cliquishness, secretiveness, and a need for greater supervision. The treatment problems and effects of drug use were much more serious for about half of the drug users than for the others.
 ...
PMID:Effects of illicit drug use in an inpatient psychiatric population. 718 Jun 17

We report th case of a 45-year-old woman who was referred to our hospital for a treatment of analgetic substance abuse. Surprisingly she reported after some time that she had been hearing imperative and commenting voices for 12 years. We discuss the importance of negative symptoms for the diagnosis of schizophrenia.
 ...
PMID:["Masked" or "hidden" schizophrenia: initial diagnosis of a 12 year psychoses based on negative symptoms]. 748 Mar 75

Family history, a risk factor for psychiatric disorders, is infrequently assessed in epidemiologic studies due to time and cost constraints. We designed a brief computer-scorable instrument, the Family History Screen for Epidemiologic Studies (FHE), which collects a pedigree and screens for 15 DSM-III diagnoses in an informant and in his family members. The FHE was administered to one informant in 77 families in which we had collected pedigrees, interviewed 77 informants and 239 relatives using the Lifetime Anxiety version of the schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia or the Epidemiologic version of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Aged Children, and performed best-estimate diagnoses. We evaluated the accuracy with which the FHE predicted best-estimate diagnoses. For adults reporting on themselves, the FHE demonstrated high levels of sensitivity and specificity for depression (67.4, 75.0) and panic (92.5, 89.2), and low sensitivity and high specificity for substance abuse (33.3, 93.6). For informants reporting on adult relatives, sensitivity was low and specificity was high for depression (35.2, 84.9), panic (20.0, 91.7), and substance abuse (42.1, 93.4). For informants reporting on children, perhaps due to lower prevalence, sensitivity and specificity were poor. The FHE is a good screen for psychiatric disorders in adult informants, but it is not useful for family history. It may be useful in primary care medical settings as a screen for psychiatric history.
 ...
PMID:Family psychiatric screening instruments for epidemiologic studies: pilot testing and validation. 748 Mar 83

This study examined the internal reliability of standardized measures of substance use expectancies and motives in a schizophrenia population (n = 70) and the relationship of these expectancies and motives to alcohol and drug use disorders. Internal reliabilities were uniformly high for the subscales of the expectancy and motive measures. Analyses of the relationship between substance use disorders and expectancies revealed strong substance-specific expectations. Alcohol expectancies were related to alcohol disorders but not to drug disorders; cocaine expectancies were related to drug but not to alcohol disorders; and marijuana expectancies were more strongly related to drug than to alcohol use disorders. In contrast, motives were related to substance use disorders, and self-reported substance use problems were related to expectancies and motives in a non-specific manner. These results suggest that expectancy and motive questionnaires developed for the primary substance abuse population may be valid for psychiatric populations. Research on motives and expectancies may help to clarify the functions of substance abuse in persons with schizophrenia.
 ...
PMID:Expectations and motives for substance use in schizophrenia. 748 68


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10