Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Data on the psychiatric diagnosis, overall functioning, and treatment of 220 6- to 23-year-old subjects who were at high or low risk for major depression are presented. The subjects' diagnoses were made by a child psychiatrist based on best-estimate evaluation of diagnostic information derived from structured interviews (Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Aged Children, Epidemiologic Version) with the subjects and separately with their mothers about their children. The major findings were an increased overall prevalence of major depression and substance abuse, psychiatric treatment, poor social functioning, and school problems in the children of depressed proband parents compared with children of normal proband parents. Overall prepubertal depression was uncommon and the sex ratios were equal. After 12 years of age, there was an increasing preponderance of female subjects in the group with major depression. The mean age at onset of major depression was similar for male and female subjects. However, it was significantly earlier in the children of depressed probands (mean age at onset, 12 to 13 years) compared with the children of normal probands (mean age at onset, 16 to 17 years). Symptom profiles and additional types of diagnoses in the depressed children from either proband parent group did not differ. These children are being followed up longitudinally to determine the prognostic significance, persistence, recurrence, and recall of their symptoms. Several research and clinical strategies are suggested by these data.
 ...
PMID:Children of depressed parents. Increased psychopathology and early onset of major depression. 366 41

This study investigated the effect of patient participation in treatment planning conferences (TPCs) upon length of hospitalization and upon the frequency of military soldiers being returned to duty. Patients with major affective disorders and schizophrenic disorders showed an 8.2% decrease in hospital stay whereas patients with minor affective disorders, personality disorders, substance abuse, and adjustment disorders showed a 98.8% increase. Additionally, the percentage of active duty soldiers with a major depressive episode who were returned to duty increased significantly when they participated in their TPC.
 ...
PMID:Inpatient participation in treatment planning: a preliminary report. 374 37

Lack of interest in sexual activity is one of the most prevalent psychosexual problems seen by clinicians. No consensus exists on etiology, symptomatology, appropriate therapeutic intervention, or prognosis. Desire disorders are believed to be highly refractory to treatment because of severe intrapsychic conflict, but no systematic data have been gathered about the histories of psychopathology in these individuals. Forty-six married subjects with a primary DSM-III diagnosis of global inhibited sexual desire (ISD) were compared with 36 matched controls on lifetime psychopathology, current psychological profiles, and premenstrual syndrome. A clinical interview, the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Lifetime Version and the SCL-90-R were administered to all subjects. Only ISD subjects free from any other axis I disorder, medical illness, medication use, or substance abuse were selected; controls met similar criteria but had no sexual dysfunction. Despite the fact that all ISD subjects had nearly normal psychological profiles at the time of assessment, more ISDs than controls had significantly elevated lifetime prevalence rates of affective disorder. The proportion of ISD individuals with histories of major and/or intermittent depression alone was almost twice as high as controls. Additionally, the initial episode of the depressive disorder almost always coincided with or preceded ISD onset. Significantly more ISD women than controls also had severe symptoms of premenstrual syndrome. The remarkable lifetime rate of affective illness in ISD patients suggests that there may be a common biological etiology or that affective psychopathology may be contributing to the pathogenesis of the ISD dysfunction.
 ...
PMID:Lifetime psychopathology in individuals with low sexual desire. 377 53

Seventy-seven patients of Puerto Rican origin who had attempted suicide and were admitted to the inpatient psychiatric unit of a general hospital were administered the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS), selected items of the Life Crisis Inventory, and the Beck Depression Inventory. Their scores on the SADS medical lethality and suicidal intent scales were in the minimal range, and their Beck inventory scores were in the mild range. Logistic regression analyses showed that alcohol and other substance abuse was a significant predictor of attempted suicide; place of birth (Puerto Rico versus the continental United States) was not.
 ...
PMID:Characteristics of 77 Puerto Ricans who attempted suicide. 377 42

Mental disorders are of major public health significance. It has been claimed that vigorous physical activity has positive effects on mental health in both clinical and nonclinical populations. This paper reviews the evidence for this claim and provides recommendations for future studies. The strongest evidence suggests that physical activity and exercise probably alleviate some symptoms associated with mild to moderate depression. The evidence also suggests that physical activity and exercise might provide a beneficial adjunct for alcoholism and substance abuse programs; improve self-image, social skills, and cognitive functioning; reduce the symptoms of anxiety; and alter aspects of coronary-prone (Type A) behavior and physiological response to stressors. The effects of physical activity and exercise on mental disorders, such as schizophrenia, and other aspects of mental health are not known. Negative psychological effects from exercise have also been reported. Recommendations for further research on the effects of physical activity and exercise on mental health are made.
 ...
PMID:The relation of physical activity and exercise to mental health. 392 Jul 18

Our investigation of the pattern of mortality among former inpatients in nine diagnostic groups was based on deaths found among 4,869 former inpatients of the University of Iowa Psychiatric Hospital, Iowa City, during a ten-year period. Comparisons were made with expected values based on a relevant Iowa control population. The first two years of follow-up was a period of great risk but not after. Excessive mortality from "unnatural" causes was found among patients of either sex with an affective disorder, schizophrenia, alcohol or other drug abuse, and personality disorders, among men with acute schizophrenia or neuroses, and among women with depressive neuroses. Women with acute schizophrenia or a psychophysiologic disorder or special symptom were at risk for a "natural" death. These findings confirm the risk of reduced life span that patients in all nine categories share.
 ...
PMID:The Iowa record-linkage study. III. Excess mortality among patients with 'functional' disorders. 396 56

The authors compared the diagnoses made for 50 patients in an emergency room with those made during a subsequent inpatient hospitalization. They found an acceptable level of reliability for broad diagnostic categories, such as psychosis, depression, and alcoholism. The authors believe such diagnostic reliability is sufficient for emergency assessment and triage. However, the diagnosis of more specific subtypes of mental illness, such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, were not made reliably in the emergency room. The authors point out the risk of diagnostic labeling, and suggest that the tendency to overlook nonalcoholic substance abuse deserves special attention.
 ...
PMID:The reliability of psychiatric diagnosis in the emergency room. 397 81

The progressive increase in readmissions to psychiatric hospitals in South Africa is causing concern. Readmissions now amount to 42% of total admissions, and in some cases their number exceeds that of first admissions. The phenomenon has been identified as occurring overwhelmingly among short-stay patients. Factors associated with readmissions have been examined as the first part of an ongoing investigation. Among these are a decline in available beds, an increasing shortage of psychiatric staff, differing readmission rates for different population groups, and the tendency of certain types of psychiatric disorders to relapse more frequently (schizophrenia and affective illness). The inability of the present psychiatric outpatient and community services to lower the readmission rate has been demonstrated. Factors which may have a bearing on the situation such as socio-economic conditions, substance abuse, compliance with medication and rehabilitative services are discussed.
 ...
PMID:The rise in readmissions to psychiatric hospitals. 404 58

Seventy-six male inpatients with diagnoses of schizophrenia, primary affective disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, borderline personality disorder, other personality disorder, and primary substance abuse disorder were screened for the use of marijuana by determination of urinary delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-11-oic acid. Screening was performed to detect marijuana use in asymptomatic patients returning to the ward after passes, and also to elucidate changes in mental state in newly admitted patients and patients who had decompensated during hospitalization. Ward personnel found the screening procedure quite useful and incorporated it into psychotherapeutic and chemotherapeutic interventions. Although susceptible and resistant individuals were found in all diagnostic categories studied, no consistent features were found to distinguish those individuals who exhibited behavioral change in association with marijuana smoking, from those who did not.
 ...
PMID:Detection of marijuana use in psychiatric patients by determination of urinary delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-11-oic acid. 630 Mar 20

Fifteen patients with a primary diagnosis of borderline personality disorder were studied with the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) test. Twelve carried the additional diagnosis of depression, substance abuse, or both. A blunted thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) response to TRH was found in seven patients, two of whom were neither depressed nor had the additional diagnosis of depression and/or substance abuse. TSH blunting was unrelated to such factors as thyroid status, serum cortisol, weight, height, or body surface. Since TSH blunting occurs in about 25% of patients with major depression but not in schizophrenia, the findings suggest that some patients with borderline personality disorder share a neuroendocrine abnormality with some affective disorder patients.
 ...
PMID:The TRH test in patients wih borderline personality disorder. 641 92


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>