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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A total of 260 family members responded to a survey seeking information about their mentally ill relatives' contacts with the criminal justice system. Reports by family members indicated that the mentally ill relatives were mainly men in their early thirties with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder; they had had an average of four admissions to a state mental hospital. The majority had been arrested, but only a fifth had been convicted of a crime. Substance abuse and noncompliance with psychiatric medications were significant predictors of arrest. Family members overwhelmingly attributed the arrests to psychiatric crises, and in about half the cases a failed attempt at commitment had preceded the arrest. However, only a minority of the mentally ill relatives were taken to a hospital at the time of the arrest. The findings highlight the need for closer collaboration between mental health specialists and law enforcement personnel.
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PMID:Chronic mental illness and the criminal justice system. 277 28

The prevalence of substance abuse was investigated in 100 young chronic patients consecutively admitted to a long-term private psychiatric hospital. Data were obtained from diagnostic research interviews with each subject at admission. Half of the subjects had concurrent diagnoses of psychiatric disorder and substance abuse. One-third of the dual-diagnosis patients began using substances before the onset of a diagnosable psychiatric disorder, and they more often had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Half of the dual-diagnosis patients abused three or more drugs. Implications of the findings for treatment and community management of dual-diagnosis patients are discussed.
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PMID:Young chronic patients and substance abuse. 280 4

Description among Zhenjiang Psychiatric Hospital (ZPH) Taipei City Psychiatric Center (TCPC), and New York State Psychiatric Hospital, Rockland Psychiatric Center (RPC) admission cohorts during the identical year indicates that the RPC cohort demonstrates different frequencies of major psychiatric illness than the ZPH and TCPC cohorts which are remarkably similar. Schizophrenia is more prevalent among RPC public admissions than ZPH and TCPC. Mania exceeds depression in ZPH and TCPC samples while depression exceeds mania in RPC. Females predominate among ZPH and TCPC admissions, in contrast to male predominance in RPC. Wherease alcoholism is almost non-existant among ZPH and TCPC admissions, over half the RPC sample had a diagnosis of substance abuse.
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PMID:Inpatients of Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Zhenjiang Psychiatric Hospital and New York State Mental Hospital, Rockland Psychiatric Center: comparison of the diagnostic distribution and sex ratios. 281 78

This article reviews electroencephalographic sleep studies in schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, eating disorders, panic disorder, borderline personality disorder, Alzheimer's disease, and certain instances of substance abuse.
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PMID:Sleep disturbances in various nonaffective psychiatric disorders. 290 3

Descriptive information (demographic variables, DSM-III diagnoses, and medications prescribed) was obtained from the discharge summaries of 536 male veteran inpatients who received a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) over a 4-year period. Data comparisons were also made between two types of inpatient programs (specialized PTSD vs. psychiatric ward) to control for program selection biases. Consistent with previous studies, alcohol and substance abuse and/or depression diagnoses occurred concurrently with PTSD. Diagnoses of schizophrenia were more prevalent in the psychiatric wards. Nearly one third of the total sample received an axis II diagnosis, with borderline features most common. Half of all patients received psychopharmacological treatment in addition to psychotherapy. Antidepressants, neuroleptics, and beta-blockers were prescribed most frequently. Directions for future inpatient PTSD research are offered based on the findings.
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PMID:Diagnostic and psychopharmacological treatment characteristics of 536 inpatients with posttraumatic stress disorder. 291 99

Psychiatric illnesses involve complex interpersonal and biological processes that combine to produce certain clinical signs and symptoms of psychopathology on which psychiatric diagnostics are based. Nevertheless, the clinical presentation of some psychiatric disorders may vary from patient to patient or at different points in time on the same patient. The following case history serves to underscore the importance of the multi-axial approach in combination with longitudinal follow-up when an attempt is made to understand fully complex individuals. In particular, this case involves, at the minimum, the complex interweaving of a psychosis not easily subsumed under either pure schizophrenia or pure affective disorder together with substance abuse. It is the analysis of the serial unfolding of psychopathology that the authors feel will lead to a more comprehensive and better diagnostic formulation of an individual patient.
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PMID:A chronic psychotic: a longitudinal perspective. 292 13

Depression is a common complication of schizophrenia and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Contrary to traditional clinical wisdom, depressive symptoms occur during all phases of schizophrenia and are not restricted to the postpsychotic period. In this review, the authors summarize current empirical research and offer a practical approach to the identification of depressive subtypes in schizophrenia. The following subtypes are considered: (1) depressive symptoms occurring secondary to organic factors (caused by medications, substance abuse, or underlying medical problems); (2) nonorganic depressive symptoms occurring with acute psychotic symptoms (intrinsic to the acute psychotic episode or schizoaffective disorder); and (3) nonorganic depressive symptoms occurring without acute psychotic symptoms (prodromal symptoms, negative symptoms, acute dysphoria, secondary depressive syndrome, or chronic demoralization). The authors discuss each of these entities and offer guidelines for diagnosis.
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PMID:Depressive symptoms in schizophrenia: comprehensive differential diagnosis. 305 27

If national differences in psychiatric morbidity could be established, this information could guide us towards greater understanding of psychopathology and perhaps aid in primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of psychiatric disorders. Obstacles to determining national differences include application of epidemiological concepts in psychiatry, diagnostic criteria and reliability, sampling and data collection problems, and factors affecting rates which are not constant across nations (e.g., mortality associated with psychiatric disorder, migration). Despite these problems, four diagnostic entities are considered from the standpoint of national differences (i.e., schizophrenia, substance abuse, mental retardation, and pathoplastic or "culture bound" disorders). Three examples of social or "supra-diagnostic" problems relevant to national differences in psychiatric morbidity are also addressed: youth as a high risk group, homeless mentally ill, and adversive migration.
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PMID:National differences in psychiatric morbidity: methodological issues, scientific interpretations and social implications. 306 28

We compared the general distribution of diagnoses in 20,895 patients at the Maudsley Hospital with that of 504 patients born twins, including 117 twins where the co-twin had died before the age of 15. Significant differences in diagnostic distribution were found in the co-twin-dead compared with the co-twin-alive group; the former received diagnoses of schizophrenia, personality disorder, or substance abuse more often than the latter. While there were no overall differences between twins and non-twins, there were relatively more twins in the above three diagnostic groups. We suggest that the factors leading to the death of one twin are implicated in the later psychiatric morbidity of the survivor.
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PMID:Twin birth and adult psychiatric disorder. An examination of the case records of the Maudsley Hospital. 316 76

Multiple studies have reported about substance abuse in Blacks and Hispanics. However, little is known about substance-abusing psychiatric patients of these ethnic groups. This study reports the prevalence and patterns of substance abuse among 171 consecutive patients (90 Blacks and 81 Hispanics) admitted to the acute psychiatric unit of an inner-city general hospital. The lifetime prevalence was 63%. Within the month prior to admission, 48% had used the following substances: cannabis, 40%; alcohol, 37%; amphetamines, 20%; cocaine, 12%; phencyclidine (PCP), 12%; barbiturates and/or sedative-hypnotics, 10%; opioids, 9%; inhalants, 1%; hallucinogens, 1%. Those who abused alcohol were more likely to abuse barbiturates and/or sedative-hypnotics, and opioids. Logistic regression analysis showed that major depression, ethnicity, and schizophrenia each were significant predictors of particular types of abuse. Patients with major depression were less likely to use PCP, Blacks were more likely than Hispanics to use hallucinogens, and schizophrenics were less likely to use opioids. In all cases in which sex, age, and personality disorder were significant, males, the young adult group, and those with personality disorder were more likely to be abusers. These three variables were all strong predictors of both multiple and extensive substance abuse. Overall, our findings suggest that in the inner-city, a substantial number of young adult psychiatric inpatients are a high risk group for multiple substance abuse. The coexistence of substance abuse and other psychiatric disorders has clinical and treatment implications, and calls attention for changes within the conventional psychiatric milieu.
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PMID:Inner-city substance abuse patterns: a study of psychiatric inpatients. 326 29


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