Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To determine whether the use of ICD-10 provides greater diagnostic reliability than ICD-9, a field trial of the ICD-10 draft (WHO, 1987) was carried out. A total of 1,778 diagnoses made on the basis of ICD-10, ICD-9 and, in part, DSM-III were established by 134 clinicians in 10 centres using case reports and interviews. The corrected reliability coefficients of schizophrenic disorders obtained with ICD-10, with kappa-coefficients of reliability of 0.69 for the 2-character category and 0.67 for the 3-character category are higher than those reported for the diagnosis of schizophrenia made without specified criteria, but lower than those reported for DSM-III. Despite the operationally defined diagnostic guidelines, diagnostic discrepancies still persist when organic disturbances, substance abuse or psychogenic features are additionally present. The diagnoses of each rater remain stable on change over from ICD-9 to ICD-10. Our data suggest that ICD-10 is suitable for worldwide use in diagnosing schizophrenia.
 ...
PMID:Schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders (section F2): results of the ICD-10 field trial. 219 41

Several studies document sex differences in premorbid and intermorbid role functioning, showing less functional deficit among females. The specific nature of sex differences in role functioning is still poorly understood. The purpose of the present study was to investigate sex differences in symptomatology and role functioning in a sample of 92 inpatients hospitalized for an episode of DSM-III-diagnosed schizophrenic disorder. Patients were randomized at hospital admission to either of two treatment conditions: (1) multimodal hospital treatment with the addition of an inpatient family intervention (IFI) or (2) multimodal hospital treatment without IFI. Results indicated (1) sex differences in levels of substance abuse and antisocial behavior (worse for males both at admission and followup)--dimensions of psychopathology unrelated to the core features of schizophrenia; (2) superior family and occupational functioning in females at followup; and (3) superior clinical response of females to IFI. Data on family response to IFI suggest some ameliorative effects of IFI on critical family attitudes toward female patients as well as greater family compliance with IFI treatment among the families of females. Sex differences in intermorbid family and occupational functioning and response to a family-based psychosocial intervention are discussed in light of data on rejecting family attitudes toward the patient and sex differences in symptomatology. The possible influence of sex-differentiated social role demands on response to IFI is also discussed.
 ...
PMID:Gender and schizophrenia outcome: a clinical trial of an inpatient family intervention. 219 16

The prevalence of comorbid alcohol, other drug, and mental disorders in the US total community and institutional population was determined from 20,291 persons interviewed in the National Institute of Mental Health Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program. Estimated US population lifetime prevalence rates were 22.5% for any non-substance abuse mental disorder, 13.5% for alcohol dependence-abuse, and 6.1% for other drug dependence-abuse. Among those with a mental disorder, the odds ratio of having some addictive disorder was 2.7, with a lifetime prevalence of about 29% (including an overlapping 22% with an alcohol and 15% with another drug disorder). For those with either an alcohol or other drug disorder, the odds of having the other addictive disorder were seven times greater than in the rest of the population. Among those with an alcohol disorder, 37% had a comorbid mental disorder. The highest mental-addictive disorder comorbidity rate was found for those with drug (other than alcohol) disorders, among whom more than half (53%) were found to have a mental disorder with an odds ratio of 4.5. Individuals treated in specialty mental health and addictive disorder clinical settings have significantly higher odds of having comorbid disorders. Among the institutional settings, comorbidity of addictive and severe mental disorders was highest in the prison population, most notably with antisocial personality, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorders.
 ...
PMID:Comorbidity of mental disorders with alcohol and other drug abuse. Results from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) Study. 1114 82

A cohort of all first admissions to New Zealand psychiatric hospitals and psychiatric wards of general hospitals in 1980 and 1981 was followed up for 5 years. The cohort consisted of 3875 males and 3965 females aged from 15 to 64 years. Of these subjects, 59.4% had only one admission; 14.6% met our criteria for a revolving-door patient, as they had 4 or more admissions within the 5-year follow-up period. Based on first-admission information, patients who were younger and had a psychotic diagnosis had an increased likelihood of becoming a revolving-door patient. Stepwise logistic regression showed that younger age and psychotic diagnosis independently and in interaction were associated with a high probability of becoming a revolving-door patient. Although patients with a first-admission diagnosis of schizophrenia constitute a large group of the new revolving-door patients for both males and females, for women those with affective disorders and for men those with substance abuse comprise the largest proportion of the new revolving-door patients. This is because affective disorders in women and substance abuse in men are the most common diagnoses on first admission, rather than because the disorders themselves are associated with a high probability of the patients having multiple admissions.
 ...
PMID:The new revolving-door patients: results from a national cohort of first admissions. 223 56

Expressed emotion (EE) refers to a set of emotional aspects of speech for which ratings have been derived. Seven independent studies have established that higher EE ratings in the relatives of patients with schizophrenia predict higher rates of relapse in these patients and two studies have established an association of higher EE in spouses with relapse of depression in their mate. There are no previous studies of parental EE as a predictor of childhood affective disorder or other disorders not in the schizophrenia spectrum. In this study we investigated the relationship between the level of maternal EE and the incidence of DSM-III affective disorder (major depression or mania or dysthymia), substance abuse, or conduct disorder in 273 children. We found that a higher degree of maternal expressed emotion was associated with a three-fold increase in a child's risk (odds multiplier) for having at least one of the following diagnoses: depressive disorder (major depression or dysthymia), substance abuse, or conduct disorder. This increased risk acts in addition to the increased risk of child diagnosis associated with parental affective illness. Research and clinical implications are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Maternal expressed emotion and parental affective disorder: risk for childhood depressive disorder, substance abuse, or conduct disorder. 226 12

The present study involves a retrospective chart review of all patients who visited the Emergency Mental Health Service during the period of July 1, 1985 to June, 30, 1986 (total visits = 2,772). It compares those 'suicidal' patients seen only once during the index year with those seen multiple times (comparison of first visit only for both 'one-timers' and 'repeaters'). The 'repeaters' were generally found to be older and were more likely to have a diagnosis of schizophrenia and personality disorder. Unlike previous studies, substance abuse and affective disorder did not significantly differentiate the two groups. The 'repeaters' were also more likely to be taking antipsychotic and antiparkinson medications, have histories of past psychiatric hospitalizations in the public sector, be living alone, and most importantly, to have made a previous suicide attempt.
 ...
PMID:Repetitive suicidal crises: characteristics of repeating versus nonrepeating suicidal visitors to a psychiatric emergency service. 227 20

Chronic mental patients may constitute a previously unrecognized high-risk group for the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus. This paper briefly reviews the literature on sexual awareness, sexuality, substance abuse, and schizophrenia, and addresses the problems of implementing sex education programs for chronic mental patients. Although problematic, such preventive programs are urgently needed.
 ...
PMID:Chronic schizophrenia: a risk factor for HIV? 228 31

Substance abuse is a pervasive problem in American society that extends to persons with mental illness. Despite the fact that substance abuse in the mentally ill is a major clinical problem, there have been very few systematic investigations of the dimensions, nature, and treatment of this problem. This issue of the Schizophrenia Bulletin attempts to examine the problem of substance abuse in schizophrenia from various perspectives by reviewing the published literature, presenting original data, and identifying areas and approaches for future scientific investigation.
 ...
PMID:Substance abuse comorbidity in schizophrenia: editors' introduction. 233 79

Methodological issues involved in assessing the prevalence of substance abuse in schizophrenia are discussed, and previous research in this area is comprehensively reviewed. Many studies suffer from methodological shortcomings, including the lack of diagnostic rigor, adequate sample sizes, and simultaneous assessment of different types of substance abuse (e.g., stimulants, sedatives). In general, the evidence suggests that the prevalence of substance abuse in schizophrenia is comparable to that in the general population, with the possible exceptions of stimulant and hallucinogen abuse, which may be greater in patients with schizophrenia. Data are presented on the association of substance abuse with demographics, diagnosis, history of illness, and symptoms in 149 recently hospitalized DSM-III-R schizophrenic, schizophreniform, and schizoaffective disorder patients. Demographic characteristics were strong predictors of substance abuse, with gender, age, race, and socioeconomic status being most important. Stimulant abusers tended to have their first hospitalization at an earlier age and were more often diagnosed as having schizophrenia, but did not differ in their symptoms from nonabusers. A history of cannabis abuse was related to fewer symptoms and previous hospitalizations, suggesting that more socially competent patients were prone to cannabis use. The findings show that environmental factors may be important determinants of substance abuse among schizophrenic-spectrum patients and that clinical differences related to abuse vary with different types of drugs.
 ...
PMID:Prevalence of substance abuse in schizophrenia: demographic and clinical correlates. 233 80

The clinical and sociodemographic profile of suicidal and nonsuicidal schizophrenia patients was investigated in 801 patients with this diagnosis seen at a comprehensive psychiatric facility between 1983 and 1987. Suicidal patients tended to exhibit depression, aggressiveness, substance abuse and a severe and progressive impairment in adaptive functioning.
 ...
PMID:Suicidal indicators in schizophrenia. 235 62


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>