Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The Stony Brook Child Psychiatric Checklist, a parent completed rating instrument based on DSM-III-R, was used as part of a psychiatric inpatient admission evaluation. Data were collected on 63 5- to 13-year-old children. Checklist endorsements were compared with the same parent's responses to the Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-aged Children-Epidemiologic Version structured interview for the most frequently occurring disorders. Sensitivity scores ranged from 0.69 to 0.93. Results suggest the checklist can be useful in alerting the clinician to diagnostic areas warranting further pursuit.
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PMID:The utility of a DSM-III-R-based checklist in screening child psychiatric patients. 189 Jan 3

Memory and symptomatology were examined as predictors of social skill acquisition in psychiatric inpatients participating in a social skills training program. Poor memory was related to pretreatment social skill impairments and slower rates of skill improvement during the intervention for patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, but not affective disorder. Symptomatology was not consistently related to pretreatment social skill or changes in skill for either schizophrenic or affective disorder patients. The results suggest that cognitive deficits in schizophrenia are associated with impairments in social skill and that such deficits may limit the rate of skill acquisition and clinical response to social skills training interventions.
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PMID:Prediction of social skill acquisition in schizophrenic and major affective disorder patients from memory and symptomatology. 189 10

Eugen Bleuler formulated schizophrenia as a disjunctive category based on universal, dimensional phenomena that were regarded as pathognomonic of the disorder. In consequence, schizophrenia came to dominate diagnostic practice in American psychiatry. This report suggests that affective disorder has been formulated in a similar way, and with a similar result. The nature of disjunctive categories is examined and their replacement by conjunctive categories for schizophrenia and affective disorder is anticipated.
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PMID:Affective disorder: the new imperium. 193 18

Neurological deviations on the third to fourth day of life were blindly assessed in 55 offspring of index women with histories of nonorganic psychoses and in 71 offspring of demographically similar control women with no history of psychosis. While the total index group did not differ from the total control group on rates of neurological deviation, the offspring of women with schizophrenia and cycloid psychosis showed more neurological deviations of a diverse nature than did their controls. The offspring of women with affective disorders had rates of deviation that were lower than those of controls and other index diagnostic groups. The differences observed were not sensitive to the narrowness of diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia and affective disorder.
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PMID:Neurological deviations in newborns at psychiatric high risk. 195 Jun 14

We have previously reported that the activity in platelets of the important antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx) is inversely correlated with computed tomographic (CT) measures of brain atrophy in a population of patients with chronic schizophrenia, suggesting that low GPx may be a vulnerability factor in those schizophrenic patients with structural brain abnormalities. The significance of this finding has now been explored in a larger clinical population by examining the relation of GPx and CT parameters to psychosocial variables and to the activity of platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO), which has also been reported to be altered in certain schizophrenic populations. In the present study, low platelet GPx and high brain atrophy were found to be associated with DSM-III diagnoses of nonparanoid schizophrenia, a high degree of chronicity, and a predominance of negative symptoms. Contrary to some literature reports, atrophy also correlated with age and length of illness among the schizophrenic patients, although the contribution of these factors was less than that of low GPx, which was itself not age dependent. The ventricle-brain ratio (VBR) and atrophy were highly correlated in a control group of affective disorder patients, but not in the schizophrenic group, where large VBRs were found predominantly in the DSM-III undifferentiated subgroup. The low-GPx/high-atrophy schizophrenic patients had normal platelet MAO levels, and MAO was significantly lower only in the paranoid subgroup, consistent with reported observations. There was no evidence for a neuroleptic-induced effect on either enzyme.
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PMID:Platelet glutathione peroxidase and monoamine oxidase activity in schizophrenics with CT scan abnormalities: relation to psychosocial variables. 196 70

The use of high doses of neuroleptics (NL) in treatment of chronic psychosis is a controversial subject in the literature. In this context, it is surprising to note the lack of objective data about the prevalence and the consequences concerning this mode of prescription when treating people suffering from severe mental disorders. This study describes the clientele exposed to high doses of NL from an outpatient clinic of a psychiatric hospital. The equivalent of 18 mg or more of haloperidol per day was used as the high dose criterion. Overall, we observed the use of NL in all diagnostic categories and the frequent use of polypharmacy in patients treated with NL. Among the 435 patients receiving NL, 26.4% had high dose prescriptions (two men for every woman). Most of these high dose NL subjects had a diagnosis of schizophrenic disorder (87.9%). Fifty-one of them had been receiving high doses for six months or more and 39 of them agreed to meet our research team. The mean age of these subjects was 37.2 years and the mean dose was 63.5 mg haloperidol equivalent/day. Thirty-five subjects were diagnosed as chronic schizophrenic disorder and four as schizo-affective disorder. Nineteen patients had tardive dyskinesia. In two out of three cases the high dose prescription began during hospitalization and the main reason was presence of severe psychotic symptoms. Significant positive correlations were found between parkinsonian symptoms and negative symptoms of schizophrenia as well as psychosocial dysfunctions on 39 subjects. These findings support the hypothesis that the use of high doses of NL contribute to the negative symptoms and the psychosocial dysfunctions. The implications of these findings relating to assessment and treatment of schizophrenic outpatients are discussed.
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PMID:[Who are the patients treated in an outpatient clinic with high dosage neuroleptics?]. 196 23

Using the dopamine D2 receptor clone lambda hD2G1, Blum et al recently found that the D2/Taq I allele (A1) was present in 69% of 35 deceased alcoholics but in only 20% of an equal number of controls. To assess this association further, we evaluated the D2/Taq I polymorphism and a single-strand conformation polymorphism detected by polymerase chain reaction and nondenaturing gel electrophoresis (PCR-SSCP) of the 3' noncoding region of the D2 receptor gene. We studied 40 unrelated white alcoholics, 127 racially matched controls, and two white pedigrees. The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Lifetime Version (SADS-L) clinical diagnostic interviews were rated blindly by two clinicians. The SADS-L interviews and other data were then used to ascertain diagnoses according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Revised Third Edition (DSM-III-R) criteria. Alcoholics were subtyped according to age of onset, severity, presence of antisocial personality, and family history. No significant differences in either D2/Taq I or PCR-SSCP allele frequencies were observed between alcoholics, subpopulations of alcoholics, or controls. The PCR-SSCP polymorphism provided independent information against linkage at the D2 receptor locus. Several recombinants between the D2/Taq I locus and alcoholism were observed in two white families with an alcoholic parent who possessed the A1 allele. This study does not support a widespread or consistent association between the D2 receptor gene and alcoholism.
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PMID:Population and pedigree studies reveal a lack of association between the dopamine D2 receptor gene and alcoholism. 182 66

Reports of abnormalities of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in patients with schizophrenia and major affective disorder are contradictory. To gain a better understanding of the possible sources of these contradictions, the rCBF and neuropsychological functioning of 15 schizophrenics, 15 patients with major affective disorder, and 15 age-matched controls were studied. No group differences in overall rCBF, percent frontal deviation in flow, or rCBF asymmetries were observed. Both overall rCBF and percent frontal deviation of rCBF were reduced with greater age and with increasing neuropsychological impairment. Dosage of neuroleptic medication was associated with reduced whole brain flow, not with percent frontal deviation flow. Previously reported differences in the resting rCBF of schizophrenics might be more closely related to the age of the subjects and to their neuropsychological impairment rather than the inherent progression of the disorder.
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PMID:Effects of age, neuropsychological impairment, and medication on regional cerebral blood flow in schizophrenia and major affective disorder. 198 84

The Computerized Psychiatric Severity Index (CPSI), developed by Susan D. Horn and colleagues at The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, was used to study the severity of mental illness of 304 patients with discharge diagnosis of schizophrenia or affective disorder, and no secondary psychiatric diagnoses (DRG 430). The CPSI explained 13.7% of the variation in length of stay for these patients (14.31% of the variation in length of stay for affective disorders and 10.04% for the schizophrenia). Length of stay was an appropriate measure of the dependent variable resource use since it correlated 0.96 with total charges.
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PMID:The Computerized Psychiatric Severity Index as a predictor of inpatient length of stay for psychoses. 199 49

Mental illness can devastate persons intellectually and emotionally; with maintenance therapy, however, certain patients with chronic mental illnesses are capable of holding a variety of jobs. From the total population of psychiatric patients in our VA outpatient clinic, the 87 who were gainfully employed were identified to determine common factors among them. Affective disorders were the predominant diagnoses among patients who worked, while schizophrenia was more common among those who did not. Alcoholism was diagnosed in approximately 25% of working and nonworking groups.
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PMID:Patients with mental disorders who work. 200 May 18


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