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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Most earlier studies and all recent studies on national samples have shown that compared with live births in the control population, schizophrenic patients have a significant excess of birth rates in the winter or early months of the year. In contrast, only some of the early research efforts and only some of the national studies (in England and Wales as well as for certain decades in Sweden) have demonstrated that the same holds true for patients with affective psychosis. The present German study, carried out on affective disorder diagnosed in a strongly Kurt Schneider-oriented clinic, found (as did most Scandinavian research on national samples) that there was no significant overrepresentation of births in the winter or early months of the year for all types of affective disorder, neurotic as well as psychotic. Thus, the findings on Schneider-diagnosed affective disturbances were similar to those on Schneider-diagnosed schizophrenia reported elsewhere.
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PMID:Season of birth and Schneider-oriented diagnosis of affective disorder. 103 19

The present study was designed to test the hypothesis of "schizophrenic spectrum" disorders. The families of 60 process schizophrenics were systematically interviewed with structured interview forms, and evaluated for psychiatric illness according to strict diagnostic criteria. The interviewed persons were then separated into two groups for comparative analysis according to a positive (FH+) or negative (FH-) family history for schizophrenia. The frequencies of affective disorder and all non-psychotic conditions did not differ to a convincingly significant degree between the two groups. Our data thus fail to support the "schizophrenic spectrum" hypothesis in which neurosis and sociopathy occur as a consequence of a genetic loading for schizophrenia.?
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PMID:Non-psychotic disorders in the families of process schizophrenics. 113 40

The affective disorder in schizophrenia is an important manifestation of the schizophrenic illness. Such clinical features of joylessness, interpersonal aversion, and affective blunting have been considered by Rado and Meehl to represent a neurophysiological deficit in pleasure capacity which they termed anhedonia, but is more aptly characterized by the term hypohedonia. A free-recall task employing 24 affectively laden words presented in random order over nine trials was given to a carefully selected group of nonpsychotic hospitalized schizophrenics, hospitalized nonschizophrenics, and normals. The results of the study demonstrate that normals remember pleasant words to a significantly greater extent than upleasant words. This Pollyanna tendency or the tendency to utilize pleasant words over upleasant words has been described by Osgood as a stable cross-cultural phenomenon. By contrast, the schizophrenics show a significantly lower recall of pleasant words when compared with normals, although they remember unpleasant words to a comparable degree as normals. These findings provide experimental support for the hypohedonia hypothesis in schizophrenia. The nonshcizophrenic patients recall pleasant and unpleasant words to a significantly greater degree than neutral words. They are thus affectively governed in the free-recall task and seem equally sensitized to both pleasant and unpleasant affect in their mnemonic processing.
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PMID:Hypohedonia in schizophrenia. 119 10

Cross-national studies have indicated that American psychiatrists diagnose schizophrenia more often than others. Clinical, genetic, and follow-up studies suggest that many patients diagnosed as having acute schizophrenia might be more appropriately diagnosed as having affective disorder. Forty probands diagnosed in Aarhus, Denmark, as having reactive psychoses are compared with 28 probands diagnosed in St Louis as having schizophrenia with good prognosis. Clinical differences largely reflect diagnostic criteria, with the patients from the St Louis group frequently having diagnosable affective disorder. A smaller proportion, 39% of the patients from St Louis, could be considered for the diagnosis of reactive psychosis. This is additional evidence supporting the use of the diagnostic category, reactive psychoses. Patients ordinarily given the diagnoses acute schizophrenic episode and/or schizo-affective schizophrenia may be more appropriately diagnosed as having (1) affective disorder and (2) reactive psychoses.
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PMID:Reactive psychoses and schizophrenia with good prognosis. 126 73

We looked for the present and past history of functional disorders, especially mood disorders among 215 inpatients with diagnosis of alcohol dependence using Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia--Life-time Version (SADS-L). This same was determined in their first degree relatives using Family History--Research Diagnostic Criteria (FH--RDC). The incidence of mood disorders among probands was rather low--9.8% (bipolar--0.9%, recurrent depression--2.8%, minor depression--6.0%), the occurrence of other functional disorders was much more rare: 2 patients--panic disorder, 2--general anxiety disorders. Among first degree relatives only two had history of depression. The incidence of alcoholism was rather high, especially in men.
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PMID:[Depressive syndromes in patients dependent on alcohol with regard to mental disorders in the family]. 129 7

The experience of an ambulatory treatment for mental chronic outpatients is presented. A trans-disciplinary group (including a psychiatrist, an occupational therapist, a social worker, a nurse, and a psychologist) worked during a 3-year period. Five specific clinics were created: Organic Mental Syndrome, Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, Neurosis, and Psychoactive Substance Users. Results of the treatment are presented, showing the benefits such a clinical envisioning meant not only for the patients involved but also for their family, the hospital management, and the members of the therapeutic group as well.
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PMID:[Interdisciplinary ambulatory care in patients with chronic mental disease]. 130 55

In 1969, a Pacific Northwest American Indian community cohort (n = 100) was interviewed for the presence of physical and psychiatric illnesses. The same community was studied again in 1988. This study describes the outcome among the original 100 subjects. The schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia Lifetime Version (SADS-L) served as the basic interview instrument, supplemented by data from medical records, death certificates, and medical and community informants. Twenty-five subjects had died, 13 from cardiovascular disorders and seven from alcohol-related illnesses. Among the 46 subjects re-interviewed, hypertension, heart disease, and diabetes had become significant sources of medical morbidity. Alcoholism was the most significant cause of psychiatric morbidity, particularly among males. This study indicates that greater attention should be focused upon prevention and treatment of alcoholism, cardiovascular disorders, and diabetes in this community and in other American Indian populations.
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PMID:The natural history of medical and psychiatric disorders in an American Indian community. 130 32

Every psycho-affective disorder may be a factor of language constitution and communication disorders. The study of it, particularly in psychosis is a major sign for diagnosis. Linguistic troubles are correlate with mind perturbations and the psychotic language is symptomatic. The most suggestive example is schizophrenia. Rythm and sound stay, yet semantics and syntactics expressions are down.
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PMID:[The ego and dysphonias]. 134 53

Rapid tranquillisation--giving a psychotropic to control behavioural disturbances--is common in medical practice, yet few surveys describe its use in psychiatric populations. Over five months, 102 incidents, involving 60 patients, were retrospectively surveyed. Patients most often involved were young white men. The commonest diagnosis was affective disorder (manic phase) (39%) followed by schizophrenia (33%). Fifteen patients were involved in 57% of the incidents. The majority of incidents involved injury to people or damage to property. The most frequently used drugs were diazepam and haloperidol, alone or in combination. Droperidol, chlorpromazine, sodium amytal and paraldehyde were rarely used. Diazepam alone or in combination with haloperidol delivered intravenously was most rapidly effective and was associated with greatest staff satisfaction. Serious side-effects were rare.
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PMID:Rapid tranquillisation. A survey of emergency prescribing in a general psychiatric hospital. 139 53

Forty-four chronic schizophrenic inpatients participated in this multicentre 12-week parallel-group double-blind trial. After a run-in period of 2 weeks and a single-blind placebo wash-out of 1 week, they were randomly assigned to treatment with either the serotonin2 and dopamine-D2 antagonist risperidone or haloperidol. Two patients were excluded from the efficacy analysis. Five patients dropped out in the haloperidol group and 1 in the risperidone group. At the end of the trial, the mean daily dose was 12 mg for risperidone and 10 mg for haloperidol. The risperidone group showed greater improvement on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for Schizophrenia, the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-change version, and the Nurses' Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation. The improvement of negative symptoms was more pronounced in the risperidone group until week 8 of double-blind treatment. The consumption of antiparkinsonian medication was 10 times lower with risperidone. Both drugs were well tolerated and the laboratory, endocrinological and cardiovascular safety parameters were comparable. This study suggests that risperidone is comparable to haloperidol as an antipsychotic, but that it has a safer EPS profile.
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PMID:Risperidone versus haloperidol in the treatment of chronic schizophrenic inpatients: a multicentre double-blind comparative study. 137 1


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