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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Past research on risk factors in child development has tended to focus on 1 risk factor rather than examining the effects of multiple factors simultaneously. The present research examines the main and interactive effects of parental psychopathology (schizophrenia, psychiatric control, and normal control) and maltreatment on child behavior. Child aggression, delinquency, and social withdrawal were assessed at 2 times so that the effects of risk factors on behavioral change could also be examined. The results indicate significant relations between the risk factors and child behavior. Most notably, parental psychiatric status and maltreatment interacted significantly, such that offspring of schizophrenic parents from maltreating families showed increases in externalized behavior problems over time. These results support a diathesis-stress model of psychopathology.
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PMID:The effects of parental psychopathology and maltreatment on child behavior: a test of the diathesis-stress model. 270 65

In a review article parental losses (PL) of children in different age and sex groups are psycho-analytically examined from the view point of the triangular family relationship, cognitive development of the children and their ability to mourn, delinquency, schizophrenia and affective illnesses, and lastly the controversies about and objections to bereavement study findings. It is concluded that many methodological problems make it difficult to compare study findings. Some unchallengeable laws have been found, but any single explanation of their aetiological meaning could not be shown. It is obvious that many psycho-social variables are involved in the interpretation of PL.
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PMID:Parental losses. 636 60

Forty years ago, Glueck and Glueck studied a group of Boston Inner city children to discover factors relating to delinquency. Detailed information was obtained on 1,000 boys aged 10 to 17 years, 500 "delinquents" and 500 "nondelinquent controls." In follow-up studies of this group, we have found that 24 have a diagnosis of adult schizophrenia. We matched these 24 with 48, who had a nonschizophrenic outcome, on the basis of IQ, ethnicity, age at interview, and original Glueck grouping (delinquent or control). The 72 childhood records were then examined on a blind basis by Independent raters looking for predetermined "indicators of vulnerability to schizophrenia." The total indicator scores were able to differentiate schizophrenic outcome from nonschizophrenic outcome at highly significant levels. A number of the individual indicators were likewise able to predict outcome. Prediction was improved when subjects with the lowest IQs (less than 85) were excluded from consideration.
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PMID:Vulnerability to schizophrenia. Prediction of adult schizophrenia using childhood information. 649 67

The present investigation tested the hypothesis that childhood behavioral problems are differentially associated with clinical symptoms in adult-onset schizophrenia. Parents of 29 schizophrenic patients completed questionnaires concerning (1) the childhood behaviors of all their offspring from birth through 15 years of age, and (2) the symptomatology of their schizophrenic offspring. The childhood behavior scale was a modified version of Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist (1991). Scores were derived for six childhood behavior problem factors: Withdrawal, Anxiety/Depression, Social Problems, Thought Problems, Attention Problems, and Aggression/Delinquency. Ratings of symptoms were based on parental versions of Andreasen's Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS; 1983) and Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS; 1981). Symptomatology scores were computed from the SANS and SAPS following Malla et al.'s (1993) and Liddle's (1987b) tri-dimensional concept of schizophrenia: Reality Distortion, Psychomotor Poverty and Cognitive Disorganization. Regression analyses were conducted to examine the relation between childhood behavior and adult symptomatology in the schizophrenic patients. The results indicated that the Psychomotor Poverty and Cognitive Disorganization dimensions in adult patients are positively associated with Withdrawn behavior and inversely associated with Anxious/Depressed characteristics in childhood. The results are discussed in light of the distinction between primary and secondary negative symptoms, and the three dimension concept of schizophrenia.
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PMID:Childhood behavioral precursors of adult symptom dimensions in schizophrenia. 757 64

A study on the prevalence of substance abuse in schizophrenics performed in 1989/1990 had shown high rates of alcohol and drug abuse in schizophrenia. An additional analysis of the data revealed that schizophrenics with substance abuse had been convicted more often than other schizophrenics. The possible role of substance abuse as a risk factor for delinquency or casualties in schizophrenia is discussed.
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PMID:[Alcohol and drug abuse as risk factors for violence and delinquency in schizophrenic patients]. 824 41

This paper considers the relationship between experience and behavioral profiles during the first 4 years of life and later psychopathology by examining the results of prospective longitudinal studies. The review revealed modest associations. The most consistent findings imply that an extreme degree of impulsivity in preschool children predicts adolescent delinquency, and that severe neuromotor anomalies in infants are a possible sign of vulnerability to adult schizophrenia.
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PMID:Early childhood predictors of adult psychopathology. 938 64

The implications of ADHD for sexual delinquent behavior were investigated in a sample of 127 male sexual delinquents for whom social, forensic and psychiatric data were collected. For the retrospective evaluation of ADHD-symptoms, we used the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS, 61-item version). We also used the Eysenck Impulsiveness Questionnaire for the assessment of impulsivity. The prevalence of ADHD within the group of sexual delinquents was 27.6 % with a persistence rate of 14.2 % at a cut-off point of 90 in the WURS. The prevalence of ADHD within the control group was 7.8 % with a persistence rate of 3.0 %. The prevalence within the group of sexual delinquents dropped to 15.7 % for childhood ADHD-symptoms and 11.0 % for partial ADHD persistence in adulthood using a cut-off score of 100. In the control group the rates were 4.8 % and 2.4 % respectively. Based on ICD-10 criteria, 35.4 % of the sexual delinquents had no psychiatric disorder. We found personality disorders of the antisocial type (22.1 % of the sample) and paraphilias in 25.2 %. Approximately, half of the delinquents with paraphilia met the criteria of pedophilia. We also found schizophrenia, organic psychiatric disorders and mental retardations in less than 5 %. The criminal careers of the sexual delinquent group with a history of childhood ADHD symptoms started 10 years earlier. We also found a significant correlation between previous convictions and the retrospective diagnosis of ADHD symptoms. This was more prominent when a previous sexual offence could be found in their criminal record. These results illustrate the hypothesis, that in addition to paraphilias the presence of ADHD-symptoms might be an important vulnerability factor for sexual delinquency, esp. when there is a persistence into adulthood. This demonstrates the need for an early therapeutical intervention, since 44.1 % of the sample had previously undergone psychiatric treatment.
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PMID:[Symptoms from the spectrum of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in sexual delinquents]. 1160 21

The question as to whether schizophrenics have an increased potential for delinquency and violent behavior has given rise to much controversy. During the past few years, a large number of epidemiological studies have demonstrated a moderate but reliable relation between schizophrenic disorders and violence. In the present study, a new approach at investigation was used by evaluating the overall rate of convictions and commitments to psychiatric institutions for general delinquency, violence, and homicide among schizophrenics. The most outstanding results demonstrated that the treatment of schizophrenic offenders was only insufficiently covered by the psychiatric care system, showed the lack of compliance in the study group, and demonstrated the high significance of coexisting acute and chronic alcohol and drug abuse. The risk of delinquency and violent behavior was much higher in schizophrenics than in the general population. It is indicated, however, that mentally ill delinquents are only of minor importance within the overall group of offenders and that better preventive and therapeutic measures present opportunities for prevention.
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PMID:[Schizophrenia and violence. Results of a comprehensive inquiry in an Austrian providence]. 1175 93

In a previous publication we reported lifetime and 3-month prevalence estimates for substance use in two large samples of schizophrenic inpatients (Soyka et al. 1993). A subsequent analysis of psychopathological findings assessed by means of the AMDP Manual (Guy and Ban 1982) in schizophrenic in-patients of the Haar Mental State Hospital (N=447), in whom a lifetime prevalence for substance use of 42.9% (3-month prevalence 29%) had been reported, was performed. While the overall differences between substance using (dual diagnosis) and nonusing schizophrenics were small, dual diagnosis patients in general reported more positive symptoms, especially more intense hallucinations. These differences could basically be demonstrated in patients with current (3-month) substance use on admission but not on discharge possibly as a result of substance use. Most marked and highly significant results were found with respect to previous suicide attempts and delinquency which were more prevalent in dual diagnosis schizophrenics. Results of this study indicate that dual diagnosis patients compared to other schizophrenics represent a more disturbed patient group. Implications for the self-medication hypothesis for substance use in schizophrenia and future research in this area are discussed.
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PMID:Psychopathology in dual diagnosis and non-addicted schizophrenics--are there differences? 1182 10

The aim of the present investigation was to study the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in a sample of delinquent adolescents of both genders and to compare the prevalence between genders. A total of 116 adolescents (99 males and 17 females) aged 12 to 19 on parole in the State of Rio de Janeiro were interviewed using the screening interview based on the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children -- Present and Lifetime (KSADS-PL). Data were collected between May 2002 and January 2003. Of 373 male and 58 female adolescents present in May 2002 in the largest institution that gives assistance to adolescents on parole in the city of Rio de Janeiro, 119 subjects were assessed (three of them refused to participate). Their average age was 16.5 years with no difference between genders. The screening interview was positive for psychopathology for most of the sample, with the frequencies of the suggested more prevalent psychiatric disorders being 54% for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, 77% for conduct disorder, 41% for oppositional defiant disorder, 57% for anxiety disorder 57, 60% for depressive disorder 60, 63% for illicit drug abuse, and 58% for regular alcohol use. Internalizing disorders (depressive disorders, anxiety disorders and phobias) were more prevalent in the female subsample. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of illicit drug abuse between genders. There were more male than female adolescents on parole and failure to comply with the sentence was significantly more frequent in females. The high prevalence of psychopathology suggested by this study indicates the need for psychiatric treatment as part of the prevention of juvenile delinquency or as part of the sentence. However, treatment had never been available for 93% of the sample in this study.
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PMID:Preliminary data on the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Brazilian male and female juvenile delinquents. 1527 16


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