Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Children with conduct disorder have long been known to be at high risk for developing externalizing disorders, alcohol and drug abuse, and antisocial personality. Relationships of conduct disorder to other adult psychiatric disorders, on the other hand, have not been definitively shown. Taking advantage of the large community sample (N = 19,482) interviewed in the NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program, the authors examined the effects of childhood conduct problems on ten DSM-III psychiatric disorders: somatization, phobia, panic, obsessive-compulsive, depression, mania, alcohol use disorder, drug use disorder, schizophrenia and antisocial personality. Each of the ten adult disorders showed an increase in prevalence with an increasing number of conduct problems, although effects were stronger for externalizing disorders. The predictive power of conduct problems was similar for males and females. The effect of conduct problems on nonexternalizing disorders was found to be largely mediated through externalizing disorders, particularly for men but direct effects also occurred for both sexes. These findings raise questions about the conventional view of psychiatric disorders as divisible into externalizing and internalizing disorders. They also suggest that the increasing rates of conduct problems in younger cohorts may be responsible in part for the rising rates of other disorders. Thus, prevention of and early intervention with conduct disorder may hold promise for reducing rates of a broad range of disorders.
 ...
PMID:Adult disorders predicted by childhood conduct problems: results from the NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area project. 185 46

The majority of psychiatric patients are not violent during hospitalisation. A minority behave violently during hospitalisation on repeated occasions but violent episodes are mainly concerned and these do not result in corporeal injuries. Gross violence rarely occurs. Violence involves the caring staff most frequently and, more rarely, fellow patients. The patients who are most frequently violent are the most severely ill and untreated psychotic patients. The commonest diagnosis among the violent patients is schizophrenia. Younger patients are often violent. No sex differences exist for violent behaviour. Manic patients are rarely violent and depressive illness is negatively correlated with violence. Approximately 1/5 of the demented patients show violent behaviour. The review demonstrates many methodological deficiencies in the investigations mentioned and presents recommendations concerning the design of investigations in future investigations.
 ...
PMID:[Violent behavior among hospitalized psychiatric patients. 1. Occurrence and psychopathology]. 188 69

The history of the neuroleptic drugs has been marked by various milestones: some have been successes, others have been associated with complications and side effects, especially when the drugs have been misused. At the Paris meeting in 1955, it was confirmed that neuroleptics were indicated in chronic psychoses. In 1963, a new form of long-acting neuroleptic was introduced which appeared useful for non-compliant patients. However, following the introduction of the American concept of "CPZ- equivalent" which is opposed to the European distinction between sedative and "disinhibitory" neuroleptics, the problem of the development of tardive dyskinesia became serious. The antipsychotic actions of the neuroleptics in some psychoses eventually led to the so-called "dopaminergic theories" of schizophrenia, which are still under discussion. It should be underlined that the specific antimanic action of neuroleptics, which is included in the early definition, has been prematurely neglected. In fact, mania is the opposite of depression and, in general, the antidepressants are "anti-neuroleptic". The neurobiological studies of the neuroleptics resulted in the differentiation of the compounds according to their action on different parts of the dopamine system, especially on the mesolimbic and mesocortical structures. This was particularly useful in the efforts to avoid extrapyramidal side effects. The clarification of the role of the D1 and D2 dopamine receptors has been important in understanding the development of tardive dyskinesias. There are now some 50 different neuroleptic drugs, in about a dozen chemical families, which can be classified by an "automatic" statistical method.
 ...
PMID:The neuroleptics: a historical survey. 197 98

Few studies report the use of ECT in adolescents. Within a period of 3 years, 9 patients aged 15 to 19 were treated by ECT in our department. Indications were acute schizophrenia, delusional depression and delusional mania, resistant to usual medication. ECT proved to be a safe treatment with good short-term outcome. Long-term outcome did not seem to be modified by treatment. These results are discussed in relation to the use of ECT in adults and adolescents reported in the literature.
 ...
PMID:[Use of electroconvulsive therapy in adolescence]. 197 44

The aim of this study was to find out whether there are any similarities between cannabis psychosis on the one hand and schizophrenia and mania on the other, and to delineate any consistency in the pattern of clinical symptoms of cannabis psychosis. Relevant data were collected from patient's case-notes depicting biographical information and the frequencies of mental symptoms. Age and duration in hospital agreed between the 3 groups. Although several significant differences were recorded in the distribution of mental symptoms, it was not possible to demonstrate a consistent pattern of symptoms typical of cannabis psychosis.
 ...
PMID:A retrospective study of symptom patterns of cannabis-induced psychosis. 201 10

This study investigated assumptions made by DSM-III and DSM-III-R regarding Axis I-Axis II associations and sex differences for the 11 personality disorders (PD). A total of 112 patients formed 4 Axis I diagnostic groups: recent-onset schizophrenia (n = 35); recent-onset mania (n = 26); unipolar affective disorder (n = 30); and a mixed diagnostic group (n = 21). The prevalence of PD was determined using the Structured Interview for DSM-III Personality Disorders (SIDP). Schizophrenia was associated with antisocial PD and schizotypal PD; manic disorder was associated with histrionic PD; and unipolar affective disorder was associated with borderline, dependent and avoidant PD. Some of these results were consistent with DSM-III/DSM-III-R postulates. However, there was little support for the DSM-III/DSM-III-R statements on sex differences in the prevalence of PD, except for antisocial PD. The implications of the results for DSM-III/DSM-III-R assumptions are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Diagnosing personality disorders in psychiatric inpatients. 203 65

The personality characteristics of 62 subjects to be screened for eligibility in psychopharmacology studies have been assessed. The psychological screening comprised the Cattell anxiety scale (CAS), the Eysenck Personality inventory (EPI) and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) in its complete version (550 items). The comparison of the results to a population matched for age and status showed that the anxiety level was not different, extraversion factor was higher (p less than 0.001) and various personality traits were different. The most striking differences were observed on the factors: Psychopathic deviation, Mania, Schizophrenia greater than controls and social introversion lower than controls. These differences may evoke several biases, such as a recruitment bias or a specific personality pattern of young healthy subjects. In order to discuss these hypothesis, further comparisons with other centers are required to conclude.
 ...
PMID:[Personality of healthy volunteers. Normality and paradox]. 205 90

Thirty manic in-patients were interviewed in hospital using the LEDS, and 24 were re-interviewed 6-12 months after discharge. Data for life events were analysed by: comparing events before onset of mania and before re-interview; and comparing these manic patients with patients in other studies which examined life events and the onset of schizophrenia and depression. No relationship was found between life events and the onset of mania in this preliminary study. Previous studies reporting a link between events and the onset of mania have serious methodological flaws, and definitive data have yet to be produced.
 ...
PMID:Life events and the onset of mania. 207 29

First admission rates to the psychiatric hospital in Kuwait revealed that foreign housemaids as a whole had about five times the rate of Kuwaiti females. According to hospital diagnoses the housemaids had significantly more acute situational disturbances and mania, and less depressive illness and organic mental disorders. Regarding schizophrenia and paranoid state there was no significant difference between the two groups. It is recommended that good interpreters should be appointed as part of an appropriate staffing of the psychiatric hospital.
 ...
PMID:Psychiatric morbidity among foreign housemaids in Kuwait. 207

Neurophysins are neuropeptides (MW +/- 10,000) synthetized together with active nonapeptides vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT). The original description of the radioimmunoassay for neurophysins in 1969 allowed us to demonstrate the concomitant, equimolecular, release of them together with AVP and OT, thus bringing strong arguments in favour of neurohypophyseal exocytosis. Beside the use of those RIAs as direct indexes of neurohypophyseal release in various physiological and pathological conditions, we have been interested these last two years, to the putative use of neurophysins RIA as direct neuroendocrine markers in various neuropsychiatric diseases (depression, mania, schizophrenia) and paraneoplastic syndromes (SIADH).
 ...
PMID:[Neurophysins]. 209 28


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>