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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Expressed Emotion (EE) proved to be the best single predictor of relapse in schizophrenia in 1972. Since then, studies on EE were oriented in three directions: Replication of the original study in different countries, improvement of the methodology and clinical applications. The analysis of different key studies shows that EE is a powerful predictor factor, although it is influenced by other variables such as culture.
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PMID:[Expressed emotion: past, present, future]. 134

This study explored family factors associated with Expressed Emotion (EE) in families with a member diagnosed with schizophrenia. Drawing on an attributional model of expressed emotion it was predicted that high EE relatives would have less knowledge of the illness and would attribute negative symptoms to the personality, rather than the illness, of the sufferer. Thirty-one caregivers of schizophrenic patients were interviewed. Results indicated that EE status was related to knowledge, coping and causal attributions of negative symptoms. Low EEs, as compared with High EEs, tended to have more knowledge of the illness and to cope better with the patient, and were less likely to attribute the cause of negative symptoms to the sufferer's personality. Support was therefore obtained for the utility of an attributional model in attempting to understand the determinants of levels of EE.
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PMID:Attributions of symptomatology: an exploration of family factors associated with expressed emotion. 141 26

The results of increased research into Expressed Emotion (EE) in Europe over the past five years reinforce the significance of the measure, show that it is not culturally specific and can be used with different carers including staff, and across different languages. This continuing and productive research is reviewed and new questions and issues are identified. In addition, outcome studies in schizophrenia, research in other conditions; intervention studies, methodological issues and theoretical aspects are focused on.
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PMID:Expressed emotion research in Europe. 148 54

Expressed Emotion is a measure of family interaction, widely used in studies around the world to predict relapse in severe psychiatric disorders. The instrument was originally developed in London. It depends on subtle vocal nuances emerging in the course of the Camberwell Family Interview (CFI). The extent to which these can be picked up in different languages and different cultures is an interesting question. This paper presents the results of a study of EE from Brazil. The two raters achieved good reliability with master tapes in English, and the CFI was then translated into Portuguese. The raters also showed good reliability in Portuguese. This is at least consistent with the idea that similar behaviours can be picked up in different languages and cultures. Twenty nine relatives of 24 patients with schizophrenia were interviewed using the CFI. It was predicted that high Expressed Emotion would be rare in Brazil, a developing country. In fact, 59% of relatives were rated as high EE. Unlike studies from fully industrialized nations this high level of high EE was largely due to over-involvement. Our findings suggest both contextual and cultural influences on the relative salience of the different components of EE, a theme worth pursuing.
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PMID:A Portuguese/Brazilian study of Expressed Emotion. 155 78

For thirty years research has been consistently demonstrating the validity of the concept of 'High Expressed Emotion' (HEE). After early pioneering work by Brown it was established that environmental influences, particularly, the emotion expressed by relatives to sufferers of schizophrenia, are strongly implicated in relapse. Consequently, the predictive validity of HEE has been revealed in a number of cross-cultural studies around the world. In addition, there is strong evidence from well designed intervention studies, that relapse, in schizophrenic clients living at home, can be prevented by the manipulation of social and environmental factors. The combined body of research that has now accumulated allows an hypothesis to be made about the aetiology of the illness, schizophrenia, itself. This theory has been described as the 'stress vulnerability' model. The paper concludes that psychosocial intervention strategies are effective but that, unfortunately, to date, their application has been mostly restricted to the intervention studies themselves.
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PMID:Expressed emotion and psychosocial intervention: a review. 219 81

The Expressed Emotion (EE) index is today one of the most important tools to evaluate the effect of family environment on the course of schizophrenia. The A. critically examine many experimental researches, performed on the EE index during the past 15 years, reporting the results of the first Italian replication study. The psychoeducational family interventions (originated by the EE research) are then considered, with particular attention to the treatment conceived by the team of the Association for the Research on Schizophrenia (A.R.S.). In the final section of the paper, the A. propose an extension of the EE research to families with chronic organic pathologies, reporting some preliminary results.
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PMID:[Family expressed emotion. From research to therapeutic intervention]. 220 79

The relationship of the Camberwell Family Interview (CFI) with two self-report scales purported to measure levels of expressed emotion was assessed. Fifteen schizophrenic patients and 22 of their relatives completed the Level of Expressed Emotion Scale (LEE) and the Influential Relationships Questionnaire (IRQ). The relatives of patients also participated in Camberwell Family Interviews (CFI). Results supported the value of the self-report measures in evaluating the affective environment of patients with schizophrenia.
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PMID:Comparisons of two expressed emotion scales with the Camberwell Family Interview. 234 36

Over a four year period, the Schizophrenia Research Association (A.R.S. - Associazione Ricerche sulla Schizofrenia) has drawn up a multi-dimensional plan of action for the families of schizophrenic subjects. The basic points of this plan revolve around advice to the family and group therapy for family members, split into "informative" and "relationship orientation" sessions. Conducting an assessment of Expressed Emotion on family members admitted to these groups, it was observed that their emotional make-up is very different from that of family members of schizophrenics selected on the basis of casual criteria. Therefore, we are proposing a strategy which takes into account the emotional make-up of the family member in dictating therapists' action in terms of each family member.
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PMID:[Emotional expression: from research to psychosocial treatment]. 248 19

Expressed Emotion (EE) is a method of assessing the emotional make-up of a family, widely used in English-speaking countries, with particular reference to schizophrenia. This research programme arose out of a trial application of EE to a group of Italian families. Data are given here relative to a sample of 19 families with a schizophrenic member (according to DSM III criteria). The results confirm the hypothesised correlation between family EE and recidivist symptomatology of schizophrenic subjects: "high family EE" is associated with the most serious and habitual schizophrenic cases. The necessary adaptations which had to be made in order to apply EE assessment methods to Italian families are also discussed.
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PMID:[Schizophrenia and family-expressed emotions. Study of an Italian population]. 272 33

Data from two studies, one naturalistic and the other a controlled trial, were analysed to clarify the relationships between independent life events. Expressed Emotion of a key relative, maintenance neuroleptics and the relapse of schizophrenia. It was found that patients in the community who are unprotected by medication are vulnerable either to acute stress in the form of life events or to chronic stress in the form of living with a high Expressed Emotion relative. Patients on regular medication are protected against one or other stress, but are very likely to relapse if the two forms of stress occur together. A model of schizophrenic susceptibility to environmental stress is constructed to incorporate these observations.
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PMID:Life events, relatives' expressed emotion and maintenance neuroleptics in schizophrenic relapse. 614 82


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