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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

BACKGROUND: The State Hospital, Carstairs, is the sole high security psychiatric facility for Scotland and Northern Ireland. METHOD: This study compares the female (n = 28) and male (n = 213) patients resident there between 1992 and 1993 using data derived from case-note reviews and interviews with patients and staff. RESULTS: Nearly three-quarters of both the male and female populations had a primary diagnosis of schizophrenia, and secondary diagnoses of substance abuse and antisocial personality disorder were common. Female patients were more frequently admitted from other psychiatric hospitals, had less serious index offences and more minor previous convictions, and were less likely to be subject to a restriction order. They had more often experienced depressive symptoms and had significantly greater histories of self-harm, physical and sexual abuse. At interview, nearly three-quarters had active delusions and over half had recently behaved in an aggressive manner. Almost 90% were said not to require the security of the State Hospital. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that mental illness and adverse social circumstances had combined to create a very disadvantaged group of women in high security psychiatric care in Scotland. As a group these women were inappropriately placed and their requirement was for intensive, rather than high security psychiatric care.
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PMID:A survey of female patients in high security psychiatric care in Scotland. 1204 32

Cluster B personality traits have been detected in persons with schizophrenia, at a rate exceeding that of the general population. Unclear, however, is how to account for such high rates of Cluster B traits. Accordingly, this study explored the hypothesis that the presence of these traits may be linked to impairments in neurocognition, and childhood abuse history. To test this, we simultaneously obtained an assessment of Cluster B traits using the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III, along with measures of attention, verbal memory, affect recognition, executive function and childhood abuse history among 37 persons with schizophrenia spectrum disorders in a post acute phases of illness. Pearson correlation coefficients revealed that higher levels of histrionic and narcissistic traits were related to poorer neurocognition while higher levels of narcissistic traits were negatively correlated with childhood physical abuse. Higher levels of borderline traits were uniquely related to the report of childhood sexual abuse while higher levels of antisocial traits were related to higher levels of childhood physical abuse. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.
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PMID:Neurocognitive deficits and history of childhood abuse in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: associations with Cluster B personality traits. 1503 42

Cannabis dependence is a prevalent comorbid substance use disorder among patients early in the course of a schizophrenia-spectrum disorder. Determining risk factors for substance abuse may be helpful in designing interventions to reduce the psychosocial morbidity associated with substance abuse among this population. This study aimed to determine whether or not African American, socially disadvantaged, first-episode schizophrenia-spectrum patients with cannabis dependence experienced greater levels of childhood abuse and neglect compared to similar patients without comorbid cannabis dependence. Among 29 eligible patients, 18 participated in this pilot study. First-episode patients with comorbid cannabis dependence (n = 8) reported significantly greater childhood physical and sexual abuse compared to those without comorbid cannabis dependence (n = 10). This represents preliminary evidence of an association between childhood maltreatment and cannabis dependence among this especially vulnerable population. Childhood physical and sexual abuse may be a risk factor for the initiation of cannabis dependence and other substance use disorders in the early course of schizophrenia.
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PMID:Preliminary evidence of an association between childhood abuse and cannabis dependence among African American first-episode schizophrenia-spectrum disorder patients. 1556 82

This study examined whether history of childhood sexual abuse in schizophrenia is linked with severity of vocational deficits. Work performance was measured using the Work Behavior Inventory and hours of work performed in a vocational rehabilitation program and then compared for 12 participants with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder reporting abuse and 18 with schizophrenia with no abuse history. ANOVAs indicated that the sexual abuse group worked fewer hours during the first 4 weeks of the program and demonstrated poorer work performance overall. An interaction was found suggesting that the sexually abused group's performance declined as the nonsexually abused group improved over time. Childhood sexual abuse may be associated with greater vocational deficits in adults with schizophrenia.
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PMID:Vocational function among persons with schizophrenia with and without history of childhood sexual trauma. 1563 23

A number of studies have demonstrated an increased rate of histories of childhood maltreatment among adults with serious mental illness. The present investigation documented the presence of childhood maltreatment in a sample of 40 psychiatric inpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The type (neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse), duration, and severity of childhood maltreatment was examined along with measures of premorbid functioning, current symptomatology, and cognitive functioning. Participants with histories of maltreatment were significantly more likely to have poorer peer relationships in childhood, more difficulty in school, an earlier age at first hospitalization, more previous hospitalizations, elevated symptoms of anxiety, depression, and suicidality on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), and more impaired performance on a task of visual-perceptual organization. Severity and frequency of childhood maltreatment were both positively correlated with hallucinations and delusions on the BPRS. Linear trend analysis indicated a pattern of more severe impairment as the number of types of maltreatment increased. No relationships were found between maltreatment and measures of executive functioning, verbal fluency, or verbal processing speed. A history of childhood maltreatment appears to be a significant determinant of premorbid functioning, illness-related symptom expression, and specific forms of cognitive dysfunction.
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PMID:Histories of childhood maltreatment in schizophrenia: relationships with premorbid functioning, symptomatology, and cognitive deficits. 1594 59

Cross-section research suggests reported childhood abuse in schizophrenia spectrum disorders is linked with graver symptom levels and social dysfunction. To examine this prospectively, we compared biweekly ratings of positive and emotional discomfort symptoms and weekly accounts of hours worked over 4 months of rehabilitation of 12 participants with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and childhood sexual abuse history and 31 with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and no childhood sexual abuse history. Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed the abuse group had consistently higher levels of both symptom components and poorer participation in vocational rehabilitation. A time by group effect was observed for hours of work, with the abuse group working increasingly fewer hours over time. Participants reporting abuse also were more likely to perform poorly on a test of executive function and to have particularly higher levels of hallucinations and anxiety over time. Clinical and theoretical implications are discussed.
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PMID:Reported history of child sexual abuse in schizophrenia: associations with heightened symptom levels and poorer participation over four months in vocational rehabilitation. 1631

Childhood traumas are associated with suicidal behavior but this aspect has not been examined in relation to schizophrenia. In this study, 50 chronic schizophrenic patients who had attempted suicide were compared with 50 chronic schizophrenic patients who had never attempted suicide for their scores on the 34-item Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). It was found that schizophrenics who had attempted suicide reported significantly higher CTQ scores for emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect than schizophrenics who had never attempted suicide. Therefore, childhood trauma may be a risk factor predisposing schizophrenic patients to attempt suicide.
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PMID:Reported childhood trauma and suicide attempts in schizophrenic patients. 1655 84

A 32-year-old woman with primary generalized epilepsy described absence events precipitated by talking about childhood sexual abuse, her epilepsy, or her father's difficulties with schizophrenia. She was referred for assessment of suspected psychogenic nonepileptic events. During simultaneous video/EEG monitoring, 30 absence seizures were recorded, 28 of which occurred while discussing one of these three specific precipitants. No nonepileptic events were seen. This finding highlights the importance of thorough investigation of ambiguous events, and confirms that specific emotional precipitants can induce seizures in susceptible people with epilepsy.
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PMID:Cognition-induced epilepsy associated with specific emotional precipitants. 1687 46

Research has suggested that many individuals with schizophrenia have been exposed to significant trauma, not only after but also prior to the onset of illness. This article reviews the literature suggesting that exposure to certain kinds of trauma, including childhood sexual abuse, may increase the risk of developing schizophrenia. It also presents data from across studies that suggest a history of trauma may affect the course and symptom presentation of the disorder, resulting in higher levels of psychosocial dysfunction and higher levels of anxiety and hallucinations. An individual example is presented, and implications for case conceptualization, assessment, and treatment are discussed.
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PMID:Clinical and psychosocial significance of trauma history in the treatment of schizophrenia. 1829 78

The paper presents the definition, synonyms of child sexual abuse and a short overview of the current knowledge about long-term effects of that kind of trauma. The case of a female patient with diagnosed schizophrenia and a history of being sexually abused in childhood who was hospitalised at The Department of Psychiatry in Lublin is described. Sexual abuse of the child is prolonged, repeated trauma, thus another probable diagnosis--Complex PTSD is discussed. The diagnosis of PTSD includes the symptoms that result when a person experiences a short-lived trauma. However, chronic trauma like child sexual abuse continue for months or years at a time and a new diagnosis called Complex PTSD describes the symptoms of long-term trauma.
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PMID:[Mental disorders in a female patient with childhood sexual abuse--schizophrenia or complex PTSD]. 1804 86


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