Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

When abnormal psychologic/psychiatric symptom data are obtained on personality tests or psychiatric interviews administered to patients who report symptoms of Multiple Chemical Sensitivities Syndrome, investigators typically attribute these to either psychiatric traits or to psychogenic origins of illness. The primary purpose of these studies was the evaluation of the plausibility of nonpsychiatric explanations of psychologic/psychiatric symptom data. In Study 1, patients with Multiple Chemical Sensitivities Syndrome used the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 2 (MMPI-2) to describe which items had changed after they developed the condition. In Study 2, three diverse groups of professionals predicted which items on the MMPI-2 might change after a mentally healthy person developed the Syndrome or a condition resembling it. In Study 3, a second sample of Multiple Chemical Sensitivities Syndrome patients completed the MMPI-2 and other questionnaires by mail, which allowed the authors to ascertain whether these patients showed more or different psychopathology than was described by patients and hypothesized by professionals. Data from Study 1 patient informants indicated that developing the syndrome might result in a psychopathological MMPI-2 profile, characterized by abnormal Hypochondriasis and Hysteria scale scores. Professionals in Study 2 showed a consensus about hypothesized MMPI-2 changes following the development of the syndrome. These changes likely elevated the Hypochondriasis, Hysteria, Psychasthenia, Depression, and Schizophrenia scale scores. In Study 3, the patients taking the MMPI-2 showed elevations on the Hypochondriasis, Hysteria, Depression (women only), and Schizophrenia scales. Abnormal scores were associated closely with greater severity of illness and greater adjustment to illness. The strategy of administering psychometric tests to ill populations for the purposes of evaluating psychiatric illness or traits, and/or psychogenic origins of illness was shown to be potentially misleading.
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PMID:Psychiatric inferences from data on psychologic/psychiatric symptoms in multiple chemical sensitivities syndrome. 1090 99

Idiopathic Environmental Intolerance (IEI) has been associated with psychogenic factors and an increased number of comorbid psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety disorder. The purpose of the current study was to examine a possible overlap of psychological and somatic symptoms between subjects with IEI and patients with major depression and schizophrenia as well as to specify characteristic differences. The different symptom clusters included symptoms of chemical intolerance, neurotoxicity and psychological distress as well as measurements of mental health such as anxiety, depression, somatoform symptoms, and schizophrenia-specific disturbances in cognitive domains. IEI patients reported higher overall levels in physical symptoms such as chemical intolerance, neurotoxicity and somatic symptoms not attributable to an organic cause. Schizophrenia patients showed higher overall levels in self-experienced disturbances in several schizophrenia-specific cognitive domains, whereas general psychological distress, anxiety and depression were rated highest by patients with major depression. Importantly, the groups markedly differed in the shapes of profiles of various symptom clusters. Our results provide evidence that IEI patients can be distinguished on the phenomenological level from patients with major depression or schizophrenia, and that distinct domains of psychological and somatic symptoms are particularly problematic in specific diagnostic groups.
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PMID:Differences in psychological and somatic symptom cluster score profiles between subjects with Idiopathic environmental intolerance, major depression and schizophrenia. 2811 22