Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of this study was to examine clinical characteristics in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures and to analyze the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) profiles and their relation to psychopathology. Thirty patients with nonepileptic seizures confirmed through video-electroencephalography were included. A structured clinical interview (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R), a measure of personality variables (MMPI), and several structured interviews designed for collecting data on clinical and personal history were administered. Descriptive and comparative statistical methods were used. Of the sample, 67.7% met criteria for two or more simultaneous Axis I diagnoses, and 60% for an Axis II personality disorder. The most frequently elevated scales of the MMPI were Schizophrenia and Depression. There were multiple scale elevations in 12 profiles, the 91.7% of which had elevated "neurotic" and "psychotic" scales. The subgroup with personality disorders showed higher scores on the MMPI Paranoia and Hypomania scales, and the subgroup with traumatic experiences showed higher scores on the MMPI Hypomania scale. Our sample comprising patients with nonepileptic seizures showed a significant degree of psychopathology and absence of a unique character substrate. According to grades of clinical severity of pseudoseizures, several subgroups and different therapeutic implications may be defined.
 ...
PMID:Psychiatric disorders, trauma, and MMPI profile in a Spanish sample of nonepileptic seizure patients. 1523 27

To determine whether neuropsychiatric manifestations in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are influenced by antibodies against the human N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor types NR2a or NR2b. A decapeptide was synthesized containing a sequence motif present in the extracellular ligand-binding domain of NMDA receptors NR2a and NR2b, bound by the monoclonal murine anti-DNA antibody R4A. In an ELISA with the murine monoclonal R4v as positive control, plasma samples of 57 patients with SLE were examined for the anti-peptide (anti-NR2) antibody after the patients had been subjected to comprehensive psychological and cognitive testing. Poor performance on the Visual Paired Associates test (immediate), the Grooved Pegboard test, as well as high scores on the Beck Depression Inventory, and scales D-2 (depression), Pd-4 (psychopathic deviate), Sc-8 (schizophrenia), and Ma-9 (hypomania) of the MMPI-2 were significantly associated with elevated levels of anti-NR2 antibodies. The findings in several domains indicate an association between anti-NR2 antibodies and depressed mood in addition to decreased short-time memory and learning. Antibodies to NMDA receptors thus may represent one of several mechanisms for cerebral dysfunction in patients with SLE.
 ...
PMID:Neuropsychiatric disturbances in SLE are associated with antibodies against NMDA receptors. 1580 72

Bipolar disorder (BPD), an affective mood disorder formerly called manic-depressive illness, is a diagnosis rarely seen in elders. It has components of major depression and sometimes mania or hypomania. Many elders previously diagnosed with schizophrenia in their past are now found to have the elements of BPD. The psychiatric community has become aware that bipolar disorder in elders is much more common than previously thought, and progress is being made in appropriate diagnosis and treatment of this condition.
 ...
PMID:Bipolar disorder: an uncommon illness? Recognizing and caring for the elderly person with bipolar disorder. 1621 86

A vast body of associative studies reported a role of highly polymorphic dopamine receptor DRD4 gene in regulation of emotional processes and development of mental disorders. The present study addresses allele, genotype and haplotype distribution of 3 polymorphic DRD4 markers (-809G/A, -616G/C N -521C/T) in Russian patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and their relation to the disease and personality traits. A sample included 151 patients with iCD-10 diagnosis of schizophrenia, schizoaffective psychosis and schizotypal personality disorders, 89 their first-degree non-psychotic relatives and 131 mentally healthy individuals. No differences in allele and genotype frequency was found between the patients and the controls. Transmission disiquilibrium test (TDT) did not reveal a preferential transmission of either allele from parents to proband. The 521C/T N -616G/C markers were linked to the disease when the EH program has been used in the analysis. Patients with the GG (-809G/A) and GG (-616G/C) genotypes had higher scores on the Hypomania scale (MMPI) comparing to the GA(-809G/A)+AA(-809G/A) and GC(-616G/C)+CC(-616G/C) genotypes but the association did not reach a level of significance (p = 0.06). The results confirmed the literature reports on the relation of the DRD4 gene to schizophrenia and personality traits related to social activity.
 ...
PMID:[Dopamine receptor DRD4 gene polymorphism and its association with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and personality traits of patients]. 1625 86

The aim of this study was to find potential signs of genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia. The differences between adoptees at high genetic risk for schizophrenia (their biological mother had a schizophrenia spectrum disorder) and control adoptees of non-schizophrenia spectrum biological mothers were assessed. The comparisons between these groups were based on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) test's subscale scores adjusted by gender, age at MMPI assessment, age at placement into the adoptive family and social class. The subjects were a subsamples of a total of 182 tested adoptees and 136 mentally healthy adoptees in the Finnish Adoptive Family Study. The high-risk group was found to be distinguishable from the low-risk group based on deviant scores on the Hostility, Hypomania and Lie scales. These scales may measure genetic vulnerability and also possibly be indicative of psychometric deviance predicting future onset of schizophrenia.
 ...
PMID:Differentiation of adoptees at high versus low genetic risk for schizophrenia by adjusted MMPI indices. 1653 Mar 91

Weight gain induced by antipsychotics is the second most frequently given reason for noncompliance with pharmacologic therapy; excessive sedative effects rank first, with extrapyramidal side effects ranking third. Frequently, weight gain leads to inconsistent pharmacologic treatment; this exposes patients to the risk of recurrent symptoms. In fact, one of the key contributors to good clinical outcomes in schizophrenic patients is compliance with pharmacologic treatment. The goals of this study were to evaluate weight gain in a group of patients treated with olanzapine, diet modifications, and moderate physical activity and to compare the findings with those from a second group of patients who were given only olanzapine treatment. For 8 wk, investigators followed 2 groups of patients suffering from schizophrenia and hypomania in bipolar disorder, according to the nosographic criteria of The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). The first group (A) of 18 patients (9 female, 9 male) affected by manic episodes in bipolar disorder received olanzapine (10-20 mg/d), jogged lightly for 30 min 3 times a week, and complied with a diet that consisted of 500 kcal/d less than usual. The second group (B) of 10 patients (4 female, 6 male) with schizophrenia received only olanzapine (10-20 mg/d). All patients from both groups were weighed at the beginning of the observation period and weekly thereafter for 2 mo. After 2 mo of observation, group A showed a mean weight gain of 1.47 kg, whereas group B exhibited a mean weight gain of 3.5 kg; the difference between the 2 groups was almost 2 kg (P<.005). Group A showed a statistically significant reduction in weight gain compared with group B, clearly demonstrating the effectiveness of moderate physical activity and diet therapy in reducing weight gain in atypical antipsychotic treatment. Therefore, patient weight and body mass index must be monitored during the first weeks of antipsychotic treatment, with the goals of avoiding significant weight gain and treatment interruption.
 ...
PMID:Appropriate intervention strategies for weight gain induced by olanzapine: a randomized controlled study. 1752 69

The aim of the present paper was to clarify the factors influencing subjective daytime sleepiness in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Subjects included 230 adult male OSAS patients aged 20-73 years. Single and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to estimate the association between the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and the following variables: Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), age, body mass index (BMI), sleep duration during the preceding month and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Single linear regression analysis showed that age had a negative association with ESS score, while BMI, AHI, SDS, hypochondriasis (Hs), hysteria, psychopathic deviant, psychasthenia, schizophrenia and hypomania on the MMPI had a positive association with ESS score. However, the other remaining parameters such as nocturnal sleep duration during the preceding month, depression, masculinity-femininity, paranoia, social introversion on the MMPI had no statistical association with ESS score. Multiple linear regression analysis with stepwise elimination method was applied to choose the significant factors associated with ESS. It was found that three variables including age, AHI and Hs scores were independent factors influencing ESS score. The R(2) for the model was 0.14, suggesting that these factors account for 14% of possible variance of subjective daytime sleepiness of OSAS patients. These results suggest that subjective daytime sleepiness in patients with OSAS may be influenced not only by the severity of respiratory disorder indices but also by certain personality characteristics affecting Hs score and by age.
 ...
PMID:Factors influencing subjective sleepiness in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. 1787 36

Nowadays, there is a widespread use of atypical (second-generation) antipsychotics as an adjunct pharmacotherapy in psychiatry clinics, especially at lower doses in several diagnoses. Here, 2 cases are reported where patients with diagnosed schizophrenia displayed manic symptoms on quetiapine 100 mg/d. The cases presented here had no history of mood disorders. It is discussed that the mania/hypomania may be associated with quetiapine treatment and defined as an adverse effect. Manic symptoms may be a 'probable adverse effect' according to the Naranjo adverse drug reactions probability scale, with a score of 6 points in both our cases. Several studies have suggested that quetiapine-induced mania/hypomania may be associated with frontal dopamine release via serotonin 5HT2A receptor blockade. Hence, clinicians should monitor the mood alterations of patients carefully during the atypical antipsychotic treatment. This is also the conclusion of our study as the patients may be slow metabolisers of CYP450-3A4, as suggested by their previous side effects on different antipsychotics.
 ...
PMID:Manic symptoms probably associated with short-term low-dose quetiapine use. 1822 91

Bipolar disorder is a complex, chronic psychiatric condition characterized by recurring episodes of depressive illness and mania or hypomania. Although the manic or hypomanic episodes define the disorder, recent research has shown that depressive symptoms predominate over manic symptoms in the majority of patients, and that bipolar depression accounts for much of the significant morbidity and mortality associated with bipolar disorder. Given these findings, there has been a recent upsurge of interest in furthering our understanding of the burden of depression in bipolar disorder. At the same time, increasing scientific attention is now being paid to expanding the measurement of outcome in bipolar disorder to encompass broader indicators of response, one of which is the assessment of quality of life (QOL). In this review, we provide a summary of the current knowledge about QOL in the depressive phase of bipolar disorder, and the effects of pharmacological treatment interventions for bipolar disorder upon QOL. It appears that QOL is poorer in bipolar disorder than in other mood disorders and anxiety disorders, but that schizophrenia might compromise QOL more severely than bipolar disorder. Existing data also suggest that, for patients with bipolar disorder, QOL is negatively associated with depression, both as a cross-sectional mood state and perhaps also as a feature of the patient's course. Despite its clinical and public health importance, bipolar depression has only recently started to receive the attention it warrants in clinical trials, and many important questions about its optimal pharmacological management remain to be answered. There is also a paucity of information about the impact of pharmacological interventions on QOL in bipolar depression. To our knowledge, only two clinical trials to date have specifically examined the impact of medications on QOL in patients with bipolar depression. A small number of other studies have examined the effects of depressive symptoms on QOL in patients who are experiencing manic or mixed episodes. Nonetheless, QOL appears to be a meaningful and important indicator of outcome and recovery in this patient population, and one that warrants further scientific interest and energy.
 ...
PMID:Burden of bipolar depression: impact of disorder and medications on quality of life. 1839 8

Latent class analysis (LCA) has emerged as the best suitable statistical tool to identify separate dimensions (latent classes) when analyzing dichotomous data; its objective is to categorize people into classes using the observed items and to identify those items that best distinguish between classes. LCA was applied to the Peters et al. delusions inventory, an inventory in a dichotomous format (Yes/No) aimed at investigating proneness to delusion in the general population. The study involved 82 patients diagnosed with a psychotic disorder and 210 well-matched healthy controls from the community. Four classes were identified in the sample: a normative one, and 3 classes traceable to the 3 major dimensions of psychosis, i.e., paranoia, grandiosity/hypomania, and the schizophrenia-like profile. The coherent multidimensional structure of the model emerging from LCA of Peters et al. delusions inventory suggests that single clusters of symptoms may be indicative of specific diagnostic categories within the spectrum of psychoses, allowing a more subtle determination of their boundaries and correlates.
 ...
PMID:Latent class analysis of delusion-proneness: exploring the latent structure of the Peters et al. delusions inventory. 1897 74


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Next >>