Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This paper is a brief review which deals with research findings, clinical issues, and strategies in the pharmacotherapy of alcoholism. The pharmacotherapy is presented according to different clinical phases of the alcoholic process. The acute intoxicated patient receives supportive treatment, to be clinically observed to prevent severe respiratory depression, aspiration of vomitus, and severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Benzodiazepine therapy is the mainstay in treating alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Disulfiram is the only chemical used in the United States to deter the alcoholic patient from further alcohol drinking. Although there is not a specific agent for alcoholism per se during the sobriety state, the alcoholic patients' concurrent underlying psychiatric conditions (such as schizophrenia, anxiety, and depression) should be treated properly and adequately.
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PMID:Pharmacotherapy of alcoholism: the American current status. 204 13

Use of carbamazepine for the treatment of psychiatric disorders is reviewed. Carbamazepine's mechanism of action may be related to inhibition of kindling (repeated subtherapeutic electrical stimulation) in the temporal lobe and limbic system. In most published studies, carbamazepine was useful in affective disorders, especially in patients with bipolar manic disorders. In controlled, double-blind studies in patients with primary affective or schizoaffective disorders, carbamazepine significantly decreased manic symptoms and showed some antidepressant effect. Synergistic effects have been observed when carbamazepine is used with lithium. Carbamazepine has been reported to decrease symptoms in patients with aggression, dyscontrol syndromes, schizophrenia, and alcohol withdrawal syndrome, but few of these studies have been controlled, comparative trials; carbamazepine may be useful in patients with these disorders who do not respond to conventional therapies. Beneficial effects of carbamazepine in psychiatric disorders are usually observed with doses of 400-1600 mg/day and serum concentrations of 8-12 micrograms/mL. Carbamazepine is useful alone or in combination with other agents for bipolar affective disorders, especially in patients who are intolerant of or unresponsive to lithium. Serum carbamazepine concentration, hematological profile, and serum electrolytes should be monitored carefully to minimize the risk of toxicity.
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PMID:Use of carbamazepine in psychiatric disorders. 286 60

The authors presented evidence for the effect of 6 analogues of ACTN4-10 on teaching of albino rats in a labyrinth with negative electrocutaneous reinforcement. Sixteen series of experiments on 192 rats demonstrated a positive effect of corticotropin fragments on memory processes. The activating ACTH fragment effect was shown in recording the background and bioelectrically induced rabbit brain activity in response to a photo-flash in 36 experiments on 18 animals. Three groups of 30 patients with alcohol withdrawal syndrome, posttraumatic craniocerebral effect and schizophrenia received injections of corticotropin as a therapeutic agent. A high efficacy of corticotropin in the treatment of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome and after effect of craniocerebral injury and a low efficacy and sometimes aggravation of symptoms in schizophrenia patients were shown.
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PMID:[Psychotropic properties of corticotropin and its analogs]. 300 19