Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

By keeping in mind that not a psychosis is schizophrenia, the primary care physician can often avoid misdiagnosis in behaviorally disturbed patients. Abnormal behavior may result from mood disorders, drug-induced psychosis and other organic disorders, personality disorders, delusional disorders, autism, or mental retardation. A long-term history is essential for correct diagnosis and treatment.
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PMID:Differential diagnosis of psychosis. A brief guide for the primary care physician. 292 77

Between January 1985 and September 1994, 21 patients with psychiatric disorders underwent various forms of surgery at our hospital. There were 12 men and 9 women with an average age of 57.6 years. The coexisting psychiatric disorders were schizophrenia in 15 patients, depression in 2, dementia in 2, mental retardation with epilepsy in 1, and Parkinson's disease in 1. All the patients had been receiving neuroleptic medications for a long period. The indications for surgery were: cholelithiasis in 6 patients, acute appendicitis in 4, perforation of the small intestine in 3, incarceration of an inguinal hernia in 2, and esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, bleeding from a gastric ulcer, perforation of a duodenal ulcer, strangulating ileus, and burns in 1 patient each, respectively. All of the patients who underwent elective surgery were given epidural anesthesia with or without general anesthesia. Antipsychotic medications were given until just prior to surgery and recommenced concurrent with the first meal. Abnormal behavior was observed in 11 patients (52.4%) postoperatively, but all the patients were discharged in accordance with recovery from their surgical disorder. Intra- and postoperative hypotension resistant to intravenous catecholamine administration was recognized in 9 patients (42.9%), and this peculiar complication should be borne in mind when patients with psychiatric disorders require surgical management.
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PMID:Surgical treatment of patients with psychiatric disorders: a review of 21 patients. 913 Mar 38

We recently proposed a new psychostimulant animal model of the progressive pathophysiological changes of schizophrenia. Studies using that model produced a treatment strategy for preventing progression. Lamotrigine (LTG) blocks repeated high-dosage methamphetamine (METH)-induced initiation and expression of prepulse inhibition deficit and development of apoptosis in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Moreover, it inhibits METH-induced increases in extracellular glutamate levels in the mPFC (Nakato et al., 2011, Neurosci. Lett.). Abnormal behavior induced by METH or NMDA receptor antagonists is regarded as an animal model of schizophrenia. This study examined the effects of LTG on the development of behavioral sensitization to METH and cross-sensitization to dizocilpine (MK-801) by repeated administration of high-dose METH (2.5mg/kg, 10 times s.c.). Rats were injected repeatedly with LTG (30mg/kg) after 120min METH administration (2.5mg/kg). Repeated co-administration of LTG blocked the development of behavioral cross-sensitization to MK-801 (0.15mg/kg), but it did not prevent behavioral sensitization to METH (0.2mg/kg). The LTG-induced prevention of increased glutamate by high-dose METH might be related to the former finding. Combined results of our previous studies and this study suggest that LTG is useful to treat schizophrenia, especially at a critical point in its progression.
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PMID:Lamotrigine blocks repeated high-dose methamphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization to dizocilpine (MK-801), but not methamphetamine in rats. 2194 44

Abnormal behavior and disturbed cognition, often assumed to represent psychiatric illness, may actually result from some form of occult organic brain disease that can be detected by means of one or more biomarkers. This truth was discovered more than a century ago by Aloysius Alzheimer, a German psychiatrist and neuropathologist. As a psychiatrist, he described the behavioral manifestations of "senile dementia" in a 51-year-old female; as a neuropathologist, he was the first to recognize the significance of the senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles found in her brain after her death at age 55 years. It was Alzheimer who made the connection between these "biomarkers" and the symptoms of the increasingly prevalent disease that now bears his name. In recent years, the search for psychiatry-relevant biomarkers of major depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disease, and other important psychiatric/neuropsychiatric disorders has intensified. Biomarkers in psychiatry and neuropsychiatry have the potential of clarifying the etiology of an ambiguous clinical presentation-making it possible, for example, to detect underlying differences between psychological maladies that have confusingly similar symptoms. In addition, attempts are now being made to classify mental disorders on the basis of biomarkers. Biomarkers may also disclose the presence of a previously unsuspected physical explanation for behavior(s) originally presumed to be "psychiatric" in origin. Although clinically usable biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness await validation, candidate genomic biomarkers and protein profiling of candidate biomarkers in psychiatry are rapidly gaining ground as areas of interest, with considerable future potential. This review considers biomarker-related issues germane to psychiatry and neuropsychiatry in the context of new data that can be used to tailor therapies to the individual psychiatric patient.
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PMID:Biomarkers of psychiatric diseases: current status and future prospects. 2546 47