Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The efficacy and safety of timiperone, a new butyrophenone derivative, in schizophrenia as compared with haloperidol were assessed in a multi-clinic double-blind controlled study in a total of 206 patients. The patients were given timiperone (1.0 mg/tablet) or haloperidol (1.5 mg/tablet) in a daily dose of 1--3 tablets for the first day, then up to a maximum of 12 tablets depending on symptoms for 12 weeks. Timiperone was found to be significantly superior to haloperidol in the final global improvement rating and in the general usefulness rating. In the over-all safety rating there were no statistically significant differences between the two drug treatments. With regard to analysis by stratification timiperone was superior to haloperidol in improving abnormal experiences such as hallucination and delusion as well as deficiency of initiative and blunted affect. From these results it is considered that timiperone could be superior to haloperidol in the treatment of schizophrenia.
 ...
PMID:A comparison of the clinical effects of timiperone, a new butyrophenone derivative, and haloperidol on schizophrenia using a double-blind technique. 613 3

1. Diazepam in high doses, up to 400 mg per day, was administered to paranoid schizophrenic patients in a double-blind placebo-controlled study. 2. The effects of treatment were assessed by the following: the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS); the Clinical Global Impressions Scale (CGI); the Schizophrenia Subscale of the Present State Examination (SS-PSE); the Simpson-Angus Rating Scale (SARS) for extrapyramidal symptoms; the Nurses' Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation (NOSIE); and a 90 item Self-Assessment Questionnaire (SCL-90). 3. Within a few hours to a few days from the onset of diazepam treatment both positive (such as auditory hallucinations and persecutory delusions) and negative (such as emotional withdrawal and blunted affect) schizophrenic symptoms were dramatically eliminated in 5 out of the 6 patients.
 ...
PMID:Diazepam in high doses is effective in schizophrenia. 689 18

During a four-week open study, amoxapine (AX), a new antidepressant agent, was administered to seven patients with pseudoneurotic schizophrenia, seven with neurosis and another seven with schizophrenia, all having similar symptoms. The improvement ratio was 71.4% in the pseudoneurotic schizophrenia group, 57.1% in the neurosis group and 42.8% in the schizophrenia group. Through the application of rating instruments, improvements were observed in the pseudoneurotic schizophrenia group in such items as psychotic and psychoneurotic symptoms in the assessment through the Springfield Outpatient Symptom and Adjustment Index, somatic concern and blunted affect through the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and depression and depersonalization through the Clinical Rating Scale. On the other hand, overall improvements were less seen in the items of the neurosis group and the schizophrenia group. Effective doses of AX were 30 to 75 mg/day in the three groups. Side effects were observed in four cases which included insomnia, tachycardia, palpitation and hypomanic state. There were no cases in which AX was discontinued because of the side effects as these symptoms were slight. AX is remarkable and characteristically efficacious in the pseudoneurotic schizophrenia, and this effectiveness is presumed due to its antidepressant and antipsychotic actions.
 ...
PMID:Effects of amoxapine, a new antidepressant, on pseudoneurotic schizophrenia. 702 96

Several studies have shown that different systems for diagnosing schizophrenia produce diagnoses with relatively low agreement. This, however, does not necessarily imply that the different systems are identifying conceptually different diagnostic groups. They may, in fact, identify a single entity, but with different degrees of accuracy. One-hundred ninety-six inpatients were diagnosed by multiple diagnostic systems. The pattern of relationship among the diagnoses was studied with latent class analysis, a statistical methodology which has not previously been applied to this type of data. Results indicated that the diagnoses of the Research Diagnostic Criteria, Flexible 6, Schneider, and 1978 Taylor and Abrams diagnostic systems all estimated a single underlying diagnosis. The Taylor and Abrams system identified this core diagnosis with high accuracy. The results also suggest that blunted affect and the absence of an affective syndrome are related to latent class schizophrenia, while the presence of only nonspecific delusions and/or hallucinations is not related. The appropriateness of the latent class definition of schizophrenia for selecting patients for research is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Operational definitions of schizophrenia: what do they identify? 709 60

Forty-eight undrugged hospital admissions with a present state examination (PSE) diagnosis of schizophrenia were subdivided by the direction of lateral differences in electrodermal response amplitudes to tones. The 29 with larger right-hand responses and the 19 with larger left-hand responses were compared on CATEGO syndromes and brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS). The larger group had symptoms like those of classical Bleulerian schizophrenia--blunted affect, emotional withdrawal, impaired social functioning, disorganized thought and retarded motility. The other group manifested florid symptoms including hypomanic affect, pressure of speech, ideas of reference, depressive hallucinations and delusions, hypochondriasis, grandiosity and situational anxiety. The psychophysiological measures may provide an objective aid to diagnosis and implications for altered cerebral organization in psychotic patients.
 ...
PMID:The syndrome of schizophrenia: relations between electrodermal response, lateral asymmetries and clinical ratings. 715 Aug 86

In studies by means of the Swedish version of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, we have demonstrated a 5-factor model of schizophrenia, including positive, negative, excited, anxious/depressive and cognitive factors. In this study, the 5 factors were correlated with background factors in a series comprising 140 patients with schizophrenic syndromes. None of the 5 factors revealed any significant age or sex differences. The positive factor correlated positively with the number of previous hospitalizations and the negative factor correlated negatively. The excited factor correlated negatively with age at onset, age at first hospitalization and positively with the duration of the illness and the number of previous hospitalizations. The cognitive factor correlated negatively with age at onset and age at first hospitalization and positively with the duration of the illness. Age at onset was positively correlated with delusions, excitement, unusual thought content and poor impulse control and negatively with lack of spontaneity. The duration of illness correlated positively with excitement, difficulty in abstract thinking and mannerisms. The number of previous hospitalizations correlated positively with delusions, excitement, unusual thought content and poor impulse control and significant negative correlations were demonstrated as concerns blunted affect and lack of spontaneity.
 ...
PMID:Symptoms in schizophrenic syndromes in relation to age, sex, duration of illness and number of previous hospitalizations. 751 11

Frontal lobe dysfunction has been linked to negative symptoms of schizophrenia. We used phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) to examine phosphorous metabolism in frontal brain regions in 26 schizophrenic patients compared with 26 sex- and age-matched control subjects. The relative signal intensities of phosphorous metabolites in frontal regions did not differ significantly between schizophrenic patients and control subjects. However, phosphomonoester levels were significantly decreased in frontal regions of 12 schizophrenic patients who had high scores on negative symptom subscales from the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (i.e., emotional withdrawal, motor retardation, and blunted affect) compared with 14 patients with low negative symptom scores on the same subscales and control subjects. The correlations between negative symptoms and phosphorous metabolism in the frontal lobes support the "hypofrontality hypothesis" in schizophrenia.
 ...
PMID:Correlations of phosphomonoesters measured by phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the frontal lobes and negative symptoms in schizophrenia. 770 Oct 36

Many patients with schizophrenia show clinical signs of frontal lobe dysfunction, including blunted affect, difficulty with problem solving, and impoverished thinking. The authors present cytoarchitectural, neuropsychological, and functional neuroanatomical evidence of frontal abnormalities from recent studies of frontal dysfunction in schizophrenia. It is suggested that the failure of intracortical connectivity of the prefrontal cortex accounts for both cognitive and psychotic manifestations of this illness.
 ...
PMID:The frontal lobes and schizophrenia. 784 13

A study was undertaken of the prevalence of physical disease, psychiatric disorder and deviant behaviour in a sample of 137 long stay psychiatric patients at Porirua Hospital near Wellington, New Zealand. Patients were in the main male, single, middle-aged to elderly and of European descent. Schizophrenia was the most common diagnosis. Psychiatric symptoms were moderately severe, the most common being unusual mannerisms and posturing, anxiety, blunted affect, tension, unusual thought content and somatic concerns. Known physical disorders were present in 66 patients. Levels of neuroleptic medication were high and tardive dyskinesia was observed in almost 60% of patients. Frequency of deviant behaviour was low in absolute terms but nonetheless problematic. The frequency of deviant behaviour was similar to those reported for British patients.
 ...
PMID:Psychiatric disorder and disability in New Zealand long-stay psychiatric patients. 790 57

This report examines prognostic implications of neuropsychological deficit for clinical symptomatic improvement. Neuropsychological performance levels are related to the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale thinking disturbance, paranoid disturbance, withdrawal/retardation, and anxiety/depression scales at hospital admission and discharge in 68 schizophrenic and psychotic and nonpsychotic mood disorder patients. Findings indicate a relationship between neurocognitive deficit and thinking disturbance at admission; however, neuropsychological impairment predicts blunted affect/emotional withdrawal at discharge, after the acute psychopathology resolves. Neuropsychological deficit is nonspecific, occurring across a broad range of cognitive-perceptual functions. These data suggest that neuropsychological dysfunction may be prognostic of a more chronic residual disorder in both schizophrenia and major psychotic and nonpsychotic mood disorder syndromes.
 ...
PMID:Neuropsychological prognosis and clinical recovery. 799 20


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>