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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During a 10-year period, 120 drugfree DSM-III-R schizophrenic patients were consecutively and unselectively admitted to a ward for young psychotic patients and subjected to a battery of examinations including symptomatology, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-biochemistry, computed tomography (CT)-scan, neurophysiologic and psychophysiologic (Electrodermal activity, EDA) parameters before antipsychotic treatment was initiated. After discharge, the patients were longitudinally followed with ratings of outcome (Strauss-Carpenters outcome scale) at years 1, 3, and 5 after index admission. The aim of the study was to find possible early markers for outcome in schizophrenia. At 5 years, 30% of the patients had a good outcome (total score > 13) and 15% a poor outcome (total score < 8). Poor premorbid adjustment and low level of education as well as negative schizophrenic symptomatology at index admission were associated with a poor outcome 5 years later. Positive symptomatology and a family history of schizophrenia did not predict outcome. Patients with a poor outcome (total score < 8) had a significantly more deviant CSF HVA/5-HIAA quotient than those with a very good outcome (total score > 15) as compared with healthy controls. Further, the CSF-peptides neuropeptide Y, dynorphin A, and CRF were predictable for outcome at the 5-year follow-up evaluation. Male schizophrenics who were "nonresponders" on the EDA test showed an almost 100% poor outcome, which was not found in females. In summary, several clinical and biological variables seem to have a predictable value for outcome in schizophrenia and, early identification of them might be a challenge for our future treatment strategies.
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PMID:Clinical and biological markers for outcome in schizophrenia: a review of a longitudinal follow-up study in Uppsala schizophrenia research project. 886 40

We hypothesized that electrodermal deviations evident in patients with schizophrenia would also be present in their biological relatives and examined the specificity of abnormal EDA to schizophrenia patients and their families. One hundred and thirty-five first-episode psychotic patients with either schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders; 104 non-psychiatric comparison subjects; 178 relatives of these subjects; and a comparison group of 61 patients with chronic schizophrenia had their EDA monitored while they listened to auditory stimuli. Electrodermal non-responding, regardless of the nature of the stimulus, was common to all patient groups and tended to run in families. However, non-responding did not differentiate the relatives of the psychotic patients from those of non-psychiatric subjects. Responders in both the chronic and first-episode schizophrenia patients showed an excessively high rate of non-specific fluctuations (NSFs), as did the first-degree relatives of the first-episode patients. Patients with major depression had more NSFs than normal, but significantly so only during one of the tone series. Their relatives, however, had a high NSF rate in both tone series. The results indicate that a high NSF rate may represent a psychophysiological marker of risk for schizophrenia and psychotic depression. Electrodermal non-responding is not specific to schizophrenia and is not likely to be useful as an indicator of genetic risk.
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PMID:Electrodermal activation in first-episode psychotic patients and their first-degree relatives. 1064 84

In order to investigate one aspect of cortical-autonomic control, cortical activation asymmetries, measured by EEG, were related to activity of the sympathetic nervous system, measured by EDA (electrodermal lability, number of spontaneous fluctuations), in two large samples. Since it may help to explain the participation of psychological factors in the development of various somatic complaints and disorders, we examined whether inter-individual differences in autonomic nervous system regulation may exist that are related to stress/anxiety and depression within the normal range. Results demonstrate substantial modifications of functional hemisphere asymmetries in the modulation of EDA by these emotional factors and suggest that activation asymmetries in orbital and dorsolateral frontal regions reflect two different cortical sub-systems regulating electrodermal activity. The findings may, to some extent, provide an explanation for contradictory results in previous studies and may encourage research in psychosomatics and other clinical fields (e.g. schizophrenia).
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PMID:Associations between EEG asymmetries and electrodermal lability in low vs. high depressive and anxious normal individuals. 1132 55

Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED; Christ-Siemens-Touraine syndrome) is a genetic disorder characterized by sparse hair, oligodontia with peg-shaped teeth, reduced sweating, and defects in a number of other ectodermal organs. A partial or complete absence of eccrine glands can lead to recurrent severe overheating that may cause seizures and neurological deficits. This clinical report presents a 14-year-old male patient with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, including the clinical and radiographic findings, and multidisciplinary treatment. The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Aged Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) was administered to patient along with mother to assess for any psychiatric disorders. The screening and rating scales completed by mother and two teachers to evaluate the severity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, and other behavioral problems. Patient's academic performance, adaptive functioning, and problem behavior was evaluated using. The Teacher Report Form. Mental capacity was assessed with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R). Illness Perception Questionnaire Revised was used to systematically assess illness representation attributes and emotional representations of illness. On the psychiatric diagnosis assessment using K-SADS-PL sub-threshold attention deficits and anxiety symptoms were determined. In this case we established a multidisciplinary approach in his treatment with pediatric, dermatological, and dental examinations, beside his psychiatric evaluation. The prosthetic rehabilitation included restoring upper teeth with copings and fabrication of upper and lower complete dentures. Metal framework was not incorporated in the partial denture design allowing modifications as the oral and maxillofacial development continued. Removable complete or partial dentures without metal framework is a treatment of choice until the completion of facial growth at which definitive treatment is considered.
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PMID:Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia: a multidisciplinary approach. 2358 78