Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sydenham's chorea is a movement disorder seen in rheumatic fever with basal ganglia pathology. This disorder has been associated with an increased frequency of psychopathology in both the acute choreiform stage and later in life. We conducted a prospective study of 29 subjects with Sydenham's chorea and 29 age- and sex-matched controls. The total number of psychiatric symptoms 10 years after the initial contact was much greater in the study group than in controls (p less than 0.001). Similarly, schizophrenia was more common in the study group compared to controls (p less than 0.01). Possible neuropathological associations and treatment are discussed.
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PMID:Sydenham's chorea and psychopathology. 318 98

The following is a case report of a patient with Sydenham's chorea who later developed schizophrenia. Autopsy examination of this patient revealed mineral deposits in the basal ganglia. The deposition of minerals, especially iron, within subcortical brain structures has been associated with dopaminergic abnormalities, schizophreniform symptoms, and abnormal movement disorders. The psychosis these patients experience is sometimes resistant to treatment with traditional neuroleptics. A CT or MRI scan may prove useful in screening those patients with Sydenham's chorea that develop psychotic symptoms.
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PMID:Sydenham's chorea and schizophrenia: a case report. 754 48

Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is an autoimmune disorder that is triggered by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infections. ARF consists of several combinations of carditis, polyarthritis and Sydenham's chorea, and rarely seen erythema marginatum and subcutaneous nodules. Sydenham's chorea is seen in about 20% of patients with ARF. As a late symptom of ARF, Sydenham's chorea usually occurs 3 months or longer after the streptococcal infection. Sydenham's chorea is a neuropsychiatric disorder that may present with emotional lability, anxiety, obsessive compulsive symptoms, attention deficit and hyperactivity symptoms or tics. Obsessive-compulsive symptoms occur in 70% of patients with Sydenham's chorea. The role of the autoimmune mechanisms and the dysfunction of the basal ganglia have been demonstrated in Sydenham's chorea. Antibodies against group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus cross-react with basal ganglia. Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS) shares the same mechanism with Sydenham's chorea, but PANDAS has not been shown to require penicillin prophylaxis. Thus it is important to distinguish between them. Sydenham's chorea is associated with adulthood OCD, Tourette syndrome and schizophrenia. These features make Sydenham's chorea an explanatory model for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and related disorders. This poststreptococcal disorder provides a treatment opportunity with new therapies like antibiotic therapy, plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for psychiatric disorders. In this paper we summarize the phenomenological and treatment studies of OCD, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and tic disorders in subjects with ARF, with or without Sydenham's chorea.
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PMID:[Acute rheumatic fever, Sydenham's chorea and psychopathology]. 1279 66

Sydenham's chorea (SC) is the neurologic manifestation of rheumatic fever. In addition to involuntary movements, SC patients show behavioral changes, such as hyperactivity, obsessions, and compulsions. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is related to neuronal development and differentiation. Since BDNF serum levels are altered in a series of neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and Huntington's disease, we investigated the serum levels of BDNF in SC patients. Eighteen patients with acute SC, 4 with persistent SC and 27 control subjects were included in this study. BDNF was determined by ELISA. There was no significant difference between BDNF serum levels of control and acute SC groups (P = 0.12). Persistent SC patients presented decreased BDNF levels when compared to both control and acute SC groups (P < 0.001). Our results suggest that the persistence of symptoms in SC may be related to structural changes in the central nervous system as expressed by altered BDNF levels.
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PMID:Serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in Sydenham's chorea. 2011 24

Sydenham's chorea is the most frequently acquired movement disorder in childhood and is characterized by involuntary and abrupt movement patterns. Some patients also show neuropsychiatric dysfunctions and psychiatric disorders, including anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorders and tic disorders. In contrast, the association with psychotic symptoms has been reported very rarely up to now (n=4, two case reports, one prospective and one retrospective study). We report on a 12-year-old girl with acute paranoid hallucinatory symptoms and choreiform movements. Whereas her paranoid-hallucinatory symptoms responded to antipsychotic therapy, the negative symptoms and choreiform movement patterns only disappeared during additional prednisolone treatment. After tapering prednisolone, her negative symptoms and the choreiform movements reappeared. Dysfunctions of the corpus striatum have been linked to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. This striatal dysfunction may secondarily affect working memory and the prefrontal cortex, resulting in impaired cognitive flexibility. Choreiform movements in chorea minor are attributed to dysfunction of the basal ganglia based on post-streptococcal autoimmune-mediated mechanisms. Huntington's disease and Wilson's disease are movement disorders caused by basal-ganglia dysfunction and are also associated with psychotic symptoms. In the present case, the association of psychotic and choreiform symptoms might be caused by dysfunction of the basal ganglia. The negative symptoms may result from disturbances of the prefrontal cortex impaired by basal-ganglia dysfunction.
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PMID:[Schizophreniform symptoms in Chorea Minor--case report and literature review]. 2046 57