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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The concept of schizophrenic reaction was introduced in 1920 by Popper for single schizophrenic manifestations of short duration and full recovery, occurring after a traumatic experience. Of the 29 probands with a primary diagnosis of schizophrenic reaction when recruited for study by Rohr (report published 1961), 28 were reevaluated 20 years later. Nineteen subjects now had a clear-cut schizophrenic symptomatology (ICD 295); 16 with, and three without, remaining symptoms and/or relapse. The other nine were now diagnosed under nosologic categories other than ICD 295. Of these subjects, four were symptom free and had suffered no relapse. The study did not reveal criteria suggesting a distinguishable nosologic category 'schizophrenic reaction' with reference to a schizophrenic syndrome of acute or subacute onset after a brief traumatic event (without remaining symptoms and/or relapse). Such probands did not differ from the schizophrenic group in any of the following criteria: psychopathology, heredity data (diagnosis of relatives was undertaken without reference to the respective index cases), time of onset, duration of psychopathologic manifestation, length of hospitalization, period without remaining symptoms or relapse, and frequency and type of traumatic experiences. The two groups with schizophrenic symptomatology (ICD 295) are genetically characterized by the fact that their first-degree relatives had an incidence of schizophrenia of 8.3 +/- 2.6%. On the other hand, no certain cases of schizophrenia were found among such relatives of subjects in other diagnostic groups. The results do not support the concept of schizophrenic reaction.
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PMID:[The 'schizophrenic reaction'--a follow-up study after 20 years (author's transl)]. 45 48

The resilience of the redundancy deficit pattern of schizophrenic reaction time performance was explored by examining the resistance of redundancy deficit to an experimental manipulation of imperative signal intensity. Aversive levels of stimulation have been used to alter motivation and shown to normalize schizophrenic performance in other research. In this study, 20 schizophrenic patients were administered a reaction time task under conditions of usual motivation and, 1 day later, under conditions of aversive motivation induced by high decibel levels of stimulation. The redundancy deficit pattern was observed with usual motivation but not with so-called biological motivation. The results are discussed from the points of view of the utility of redundancy deficit as an index of vulnerability to schizophrenia, implications for attentional and motivational theories of schizophrenia, and finally, in terms of the more general role of aversive stimulation in schizophrenic deficit. The finding that redundancy deficit is ameliorated by aversive motivation is consistent with theories suggesting that schizophrenics respond primarily to negative motivation. Garmezy's suggestion that the common denominator of the multiplicity of schizophrenic deficits may lie in motivational factors, particularly the prepotent avoidance motive, is supported by these results.
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PMID:Intensity of imperative signal influences on redundancy deficit and latency in process schizophrenics. 741 Nov 28

Basing on the peculiarities of psychopathological presentations and dynamics of disease in 253 patients with an ICD-10 diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder (F25), the authors argue for the diagnostic validity of this disease. Schizoaffective psychosis (SAP) is considered in the context of endoform schizophrenic reaction in people with schizotypal personality with signs of reactive lability. In the dynamics of a schizoaffective episode, this reaction is formed in the period, but not in the structure, of endogenous phasic affective disorders and emerges itself as psychotic symptoms characteristic of schizophrenia which are independent from circulatory affective symptoms pathogenetically and pathokinetically. The clinical peculiarity and specifics of clinical-psychopathological presentations of SAP as a diagnostically valid entity are discussed. Diagnostic criteria of its differentiation from affective disorders and schizoaffective variants of episodic and recurrent schizophrenia are presented.
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PMID:[Schizoaffective psychosis: nosological evaluation and differential diagnosis]. 1883 66