Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Suicide has been associated traditionally with major depression, alcoholism, and schizophrenia and in the past several years with alcoholism and comorbid depression. More recently, however, panic disorder has been linked with suicide attempts, and the importance of severe anxiety symptoms (panic attacks, psychic anxiety, and agitation) as possible predictors of suicide risk in patients with major affective disorder has been studied. The author discusses data sets from three such studies: (1) the Clinical Studies of the National Institute of Mental Health Collaborative Program on the Psychobiology of Depression, (2) a study on 17-hydroxycorticosteroid concentrations in inpatients with major affective disorder, and (3) a study on inpatient suicides. The author concludes by suggesting that anxiety, which is readily treatable, may in fact be one of the most clinically important symptoms in depressive disorders.
 ...
PMID:Suicide risk factors in depressive disorders and in panic disorder. 154 56

This article presents a prospective analysis of an antecedent psychopathologic features and sociodemographic risk factors in schizophrenia with data from five community sites in the National Institute of Mental Health Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program. Three nonoverlapping psychotic cases were defined using DSM-III definitions as implemented by the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS): (1) DSM-III Schizophrenia Criterion A; (2) Criterion A and Affective Episode; and (3) full Schizophrenia. In a 1-year follow-up period, the cumulative incidence rate of Criterion A was 0.79 per 100, for Criterion A with Affective Episode it was 0.17 per 100, and for Schizophrenia the rate was 0.20 per 100. In multivariable logistic regression modeling, the patterns of associations between sociodemographic factors and DIS/DSM-III Schizophrenia resembled patterns in clinically based registry data. Male subjects had an earlier peak onset than female subjects, and marital status and employment were strongly related to odds of developing DIS/DSM-III Schizophrenia. An interaction between gender and never marrying showed never-married men at 50 times higher odds of developing DIS/DSM-III Schizophrenia, never-married women at 14 times higher odds, and married women at 2.5 times higher odds, relative to married men. Adjusting for sociodemographic factors, DIS/DSM-III Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Social Phobia were both associated with more than 3.5 times increased odds of developing DIS/DSM-III Schizophrenia. Several other psychopathology items, including panic attacks, were associated with increased odds of developing DIS/DSM-III Schizophrenia. There were both similarities and differences in risk factor structure between DIS/DSM-III Schizophrenia and the other two defined categories of case.
 ...
PMID:Psychopathologic precursors and sociodemographic risk factors for the schizophrenia syndrome. 172 50

The coexistence of schizophrenia and panic attacks has been reported several times in the literature on this topic. In this paper two new clinical cases of this association have been exposed. Also, diagnostic and therapeutic implications have been debated. The literature related to this topic is reviewed.
 ...
PMID:[Schizophrenia and panic attacks]. 185 20

Alprazolam is the product of the incorporation of the triazolo ring into the benzodiazepine structure. More than 90% of alprazolam is absorbed after an oral dose; the absorption rate is dose independent. After a single oral dose of 0.5 to 3 mg of alprazolam, peak plasma concentrations of 7 to 40 ng/ml are reached at 0.7 to 2.1 hours after administration. Factors such as liver and kidney disease, smoking, age, sex, and obesity have minimal effects on alprazolam pharmacokinetics. A review of alprazolam-drug interactions revealed few that were clinically significant, except that cimetidine and oral contraceptives reduce alprazolam clearance and increase its half-life. The mechanisms of action of alprazolam are reviewed. Its anxiolytic effect is similar to that of other benzodiazepines, but the basis of its other effects is less clear. Like other benzodiazepines, it has a good ratio of efficacy to side effects; its most common side effect, mild sedation, occurs early in treatment. The potential of dependence to and abuse of alprazolam and its toxicity are similar to that of other benzodiazepines. Finally, alprazolam's therapeutic role as an anxiolytic and anti-depressant and its use in the management of panic attacks, agoraphobia, schizophrenia, cancer, the premenstrual syndrome, and anxiety and as a cardioprotective agent are assessed.
 ...
PMID:The pharmacology of alprazolam: a review. 202 16

This study includes 3000 patients undergoing MR imaging, all of them conscious, with no history of alcoholism, drug addiction, heart disease, or schizophrenia. During the course of the MR study, panic attacks occurred in 46 subjects, which prevented continuation of the examination. An IV bolus injection of diazepam was administered, which enabled completion of the examination in all 46 cases. The expected effects of a high blood level of diazepam, such as somnolence, slow reactions, overrelaxation, and inhibition of breathing, were not observed. The panic attacks disappeared rapidly after the injection. The patients agreed to a repeat MR examination under similar conditions, if necessary.
 ...
PMID:Panic attacks during MR imaging: treatment with i.v. diazepam. 211 78

Of 20 patients attending a clinic for maintenance therapy of schizophrenia, seven had regular panic attacks, and these were often associated with agoraphobia and social phobia. Similar fears and avoidance in other cases were associated with paranoid ideas and negative symptoms. The relationship of panic to psychotic symptoms varied greatly. In two patients neuroleptics were associated with an increase in panic attacks.
 ...
PMID:Panic attacks in chronic schizophrenia. 187 32

Seven patients with schizophrenia and panic attacks all showed marked improvement of positive and negative schizophrenic symptoms when alprazolam was openly added to antipsychotic medication. Panic attacks may identify alprazolam-responsive schizophrenic patients and may define a distinct pathophysiologic subgroup.
 ...
PMID:Adjunctive alprazolam for schizophrenia with panic anxiety: clinical observation and pathogenetic implications. 289 66

The reliability of psychiatric diagnosis using the Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Lifetime Version in personal and telephone interviews with 39 subjects was assessed using a 12- to 19-month test-retest design. Interrater reliability was high (kappa, .69 to .84) for the diagnosis of panic disorder, agoraphobia with panic attacks, probable panic disorder, major depression, and alcohol abuse. We conclude that it is possible to reliably make these lifetime diagnoses in a family study using the telephone interview.
 ...
PMID:Reliability of the telephone interview in diagnosing anxiety disorders. 333 10

Suicidal behavior is a relatively common and serious problem in those with alcohol and drug problems. We compared demographic and clinical characteristics of 123 alcohol rehabilitation patients with and without a history of suicide attempts, using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Lifetime version. Younger age was significantly related to suicide attempts, as were drug disorders, panic attacks, antisocial symptoms, and alcohol-related problems such as violence, withdrawal symptoms, and personal or occupational loss. Untreated suicide attempts were characterized by less serious suicidal intent and medical threat to life. However, alcohol- or drug-abusing individuals who have not sought treatment for suicidal behavior but who continue to drink or use drugs may be at special risk for completed suicide.
 ...
PMID:Treated and untreated suicide attempts in substance abuse patients. 336 44

The binding of imipramine (IMI) to platelet membranes was investigated in 13 patients suffering from panic attacks (PA), in 5 patients affected by schizophrenic disorder (S), and in 11 healthy volunteers (V). From 6 volunteers, from 5 patients with panic attacks, and from all the schizophrenic patients, blood samples were collected in the spring, whereas from the others the samples were collected in the autumn. IMI binding was studied according to a protocol provided by the WHO. Binding parameters, the maximum binding capacity (Bmax), and the dissociation constant (Kd) were measured after construction of the Scatchard plot. The differences between V and PA and between V and S were tested by analysis of variance followed by a t-test. Overall and intragroup relationships between Bmax or Kd and diagnosis and season were assessed by a 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Bmax (mean +/- SD) was 947 +/- 269 (V), 742 +/- 160 (PA), and 712 +/- 254 (S) fmol/mg protein. V was different from PA (P less than 0.04) and from S (P less than 0.01). Kd (mean +/- SD) was 1.41 +/- 0.6 (V), 1.15 +/- 0.6 (PA), and 0.79 +/- 0.20 (S) nM. V was different from S only (P less than 0.01). Our results show that panic attacks and schizophrenia decrease the binding capacity of IMI in platelets. In addition, we found a significant difference between patients and controls only for the samples taken in the spring. No statistically significant difference was detectable between the 2 groups in the autumn samples.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Binding of imipramine to platelet membranes is reduced in panic attacks. 339 97


1 2 3 4 5 6 Next >>