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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical manifestations, course and outcomes of pulmonary tuberculosis were studied in 215 patients with concurrent severe mental diseases (112 had schizophrenia and 103 other organic diseases of the central nervous system). The patients had mainly disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis with copious bacilli excretion and destruction. Their clinical manifestations and the course of a specific process were mainly progressive. Fatal outcomes were most common in tuberculosis patients with concurrent drug addiction and toxicomania. It is recommended that patients with mental diseases, narcomania and toxicomania should undergo a prophylactic fluorographic screening twice a year. Treatment of patients with tuberculosis and concurrent mental diseases should be combined and carried out by a psychiatrist (narcologist) jointly with a phthisiatrist.
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PMID:[Pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with mental disorders, drug addiction and substance abuse]. 177 57

Mental hospital patients are at high risk of tuberculosis reactivation, especially those with posttuberculous changes in the lungs and progressive severe schizophrenia. Outbreaks of tuberculosis are 2.5 times more frequent in them than in alcohol abusers and other mental patients. In subjects with posttuberculous changes on the lungs preventive chemotherapy can cause a 6-fold decrease in the likelihood of process reactivation.
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PMID:[Prevention of tuberculosis in patients in psychiatric hospitals]. 203 10

A study was made of the occurrence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) deficiency among patients with lung tuberculosis including those suffering from mental diseases (alcoholism or schizophrenia). In Azerbaijani patients, the rate of G-6-PDH demonstration was higher as compared to that among the healthy population. On combined lung tuberculosis and alcoholism the rate of that abnormality demonstration increased whereas on associated lung tuberculosis and schizophrenia, it slightly decreased. Among patients with hereditary G-6-PDH deficiency, the portion of chronic destructive forms of pulmonary tuberculosis is high, the tuberculous process is accompanied more often by isolation of M. tuberculosis. The etiological role of G-6-PDH as a genetic marker is evaluated as 14%; in associated lung tuberculosis and alcoholism, it grows to 18%.
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PMID:[Pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with hereditary glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency]. 253 43

The incidence of tuberculosis was investigated among 3,251 patients residing in Nagasaki city and diagnosed as schizophrenia between 1960 and 1978. Eighty-two of the patients had tuberculosis. The expected number of schizophrenic patients with tuberculosis was calculated using the annual incidence rate of tuberculosis in the general population, and the difference between the observed number and the expected number was examined. The incidence rate of tuberculosis was significantly higher than that of the general population for both male and female schizophrenic patients. Similarly, the incidence rates of tuberculosis among schizophrenic patients born before 1925 and those born after that year were significantly higher than those of the corresponding age groups in the general population. In this paper we discuss these findings with reference to the literature on similar epidemiological studies.
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PMID:The epidemiological study of physical morbidity in schizophrenics--2. Association between schizophrenia and incidence of tuberculosis. 326 Sep 75

Polymorphism of serum cholinesterase (SCE, acylcholinacylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.8) for the E1 locus was studied in the groups of the patients affected with schizophrenia, peptic ulcer, hereditary erythrocytopathies, tuberculosis, thyreotoxicosis, essential hypertension and rheumatic disease. Increased frequencies of I phenotypes (E1uE1a genotype) were found among patients with peptic ulcer (12.3%), hereditary erythrocytopathies (23.2%), and UF phenotypes (E1uE1f genotype) were observed among patients with schizophrenia (2.8%) and tuberculosis (5.4%). The increased frequencies of E1a and E1f alleles in these groups of patients were, as compared to the control group, statistically significant. The value of relative risk for peptic ulcer was 3.39 in individuals of the E1uE1a genotype, those being 3.62 for schizophrenia and 6.92 for tuberculosis in individuals of the E1uE1f genotype. The nature of the other associations is discussed.
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PMID:[Association of mutant alleles of serum cholinesterase with various multi-factorial and infectious diseases]. 347 79

Almost 60 years after the establishment of the National Register of Psychoses in Norway psychiatric case registers have become an indispensable instrument of psychiatric research. By enabling a consecutive, person-related registration of contacts with the health care services of a geographically circumscribed region over long periods they have opened up new perspectives for epidemiological and followup studies and the evaluation of the care provided for schizophrenics. The severity of the illness and the fact that it frequently takes a long-term course are highly likely to lead to contacts with psychiatric services in areas with well-developed service structures. In this way case registers permit relatively reliable estimates of the treatment prevalence and first contacts, providing indicators of the true incidence. In the Federal Republic of Germany, however, as the only country in the world, cumulative psychiatric case registers have become illegal. An examination of long-term ecological, social and individual distribution processes among persons fallen ill with schizophrenia shows that the uneven distribution becomes effective even prior to the first onset. This is reflected in the marriage rates--the more so among males than females--, in the choice of occupation and the social chances of the schizophrenics to-be. In contrast, there is no reliable evidence for an increased risk of falling ill with schizophrenia after exposure to severe stress over a longer period of time. The age at first onset is some 10 years lower for males than females. Neither for this finding nor for the deviating birth season distribution, exhibited by approximately 10% of the schizophrenics, has any conclusive explanation been found. Even after the successful combat against tuberculosis falling ill with schizophrenia clearly reduces further life expectancy. The linkage of data from psychiatric case registers with twin, adoption and birth registers confirms the assumption that the probability of falling ill with schizophrenia is increased by genetic factors, thus refuting the alternative hypothesis of an environment-related transmission of the illness. Case registers are an indispensable means for the evaluation and cost analysis of the care provided for schizophrenics, above all in the establishment of new programmes of community-based complementary care for the chronically ill. Furthermore, they provide a solid basis for methodological studies on questions such as the stability of or transitions in the diagnosis over time.
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PMID:[Schizophrenia research using psychiatric case registries]. 387 40

Although family studies have consistently reported elevated rates of schizophrenia among the relatives of schizophrenics, the exact nature of the transmission of the disorder remains uncertain. Genetic models hypothesized to explain the transmission of schizophrenia include the generalized single locus and multifactorial threshold models. Here we briefly describe these models and test their goodness-of-fit to a single data set on the pooled morbid risks of schizophrenia among the relatives of schizophrenic probands in nine different classes of relatives with five different degrees of genetic relatedness. The generalized single locus model is rejected, while a pure polygenic threshold model does fit the observed risks. Allowance for environmental sources of familial resemblance under the multifactorial threshold model significantly improved the fit of the model to the data. An application of the multifactorial model to family data on tuberculosis is also reported. For tuberculosis, a strong familial environmental but not genetic effect was found, consistent with the known infectious etiology of this condition, showing that the finding of a strong genetic effect upon schizophrenia is not a necessary bias of these methods of analysis. The implications of these results for the search for major gene effects in schizophrenia are discussed.
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PMID:Resolving genetic models for the transmission of schizophrenia. 405 95

Schizophrenics with multiple diseases are shown to have advanced tuberculosis with active bacterial discharge and rapid progression. There is a relationship between tuberculosis and schizophrenia.
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PMID:[Clinical course and symptoms of lung tuberculosis in patients with schizophrenia]. 770 41

We had already made a report on outcome of schizophrenia (1986). The patients, 129 typical schizophrenia, were continuously observed over 30 years in the Kawagoe Dojinkai Hospital. Recently, we again evaluated their prognoses according to the same criteria as adopted in the first report, and divided them into the following five groups. [symbol: see text]: completely remitted group (21 persons, 16.3%), [symbol: see text]: almost remitted cases now holding jobs (23 persons, 17.8%), [symbol: see text]: Slightly remitted group showing good adjustment at home or hospital (41 persons, 31.8%), [symbol: see text]: maladjusted cases always showing an unfavorable condition (25 persons, 19.4%), x : incurable cases (19 persons, 14.7%). 1) In the last 8 years, there were 30 persons (23.3% of the whole patients) who showed prognostic changes (10 persons improved, 20 persons worsen). While the second group ([symbol: see text]) has seen fewer persons (12 persons down) than previous study, the third group ([symbol: see text]) has seen more persons (9 persons up). Each three groups, that is, the first two groups ([symbol: see text] + [symbol: see text], 44 persons, 34.1%), the third group ([symbol: see text], 41 persons, 31.8%), and the forth and fifth groups ([symbol: see text] + x, 44 persons, 34.1%) accounted for a third of the whole patients. It is after 32 years on the average (extending from 21 to 50 years) from the onset of illness that they showed prognostic changes. 2) Generally speaking, catatonic patients had favorable prognoses, hebephrenic patients unfavorable ones, and paranoid patients medium ones. But 4 improved persons in the forth and fifth groups were all hebephrenic type. 3) 17 among the 30 persons who showed prognostic changes were unstable type. They took a wave-like course. 4) 27 of all the 129 patients were dead. 25 were dead from disease mentioned below. Malignancy (8 persons), Cerebral vascular disease, Pneumonia and Diabetes (3 persons), Heart-failure (2 persons), Ileus, Myocardial infarction, Hepato-cirrhosis, Gastric ulcer, Tuberculosis and Natural death (1 person). 2 persons committed suicide. 5) Outcome of 45 patients who discontinued our medical therapy became clear as follows. [symbol: see text] + [symbol: see text]: 18 persons (40.0%), [symbol: see text]: 9 persons (20.0%), [symbol: see text] + x : 18 persons (40.0%). A smaller percentage of the patients belongs to the third group ([symbol: see text]) than that of our patients who were continuously followed by us.
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PMID:[Outcome of schizophrenia--extended observation (more than 30 years) of 129 typical schizophrenic cases [III]]. 773 53

The relationship between Borna disease virus (BDV) infection and schizophrenia in the clinical time course was investigated. By nested reverse-transcribed polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting, BDV-specific RNA and anti-BDV antibodies were examined in the EDTA-treated blood from 67 schizophrenic patients (according to DSM-III-R) in Japan. A significantly higher proportion (45%) of anti-BDV antibody and/or BDV RNA carriers were found among these 67 schizophrenic patients than in 26 controls (0%). There were no apparent associations of BDV infection with age, age at onset, period of hospitalization, accompanying somatic diseases, a past history of tuberculosis, a history of transfusion, a family history, or doses of psychotropic drugs. It is possible that, at least, BDV infection in schizophrenic patients may not be a nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infection, although the route of BDV infection in humans remains unidentified. More studies on the relationship between BDV infection and clinical psychosomatic features should be performed in order to elucidate the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
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PMID:Clinical investigation of the relationship between Borna disease virus (BDV) infection and schizophrenia in 67 patients in Japan. 942 36


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