Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We detected anti-Borna disease virus (BDV) antibodies at a 14.4% rate in patients with schizophrenia. The hypothesis of a higher rate of BDV seropositivity in deficit syndrome was borne out in a subset of 64 patients categorized according to the Schedule for the Deficit Syndrome with 5/15 seropositive deficit and 4/49 seropositive nondeficit (p < 0.05). This suggests that the antibodies and possibly a BDV-like virus are pathogenetically linked to this form of schizophrenia.
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PMID:Borna disease virus antibodies and the deficit syndrome of schizophrenia. 907 4

A prospective, open-label study in a 400-bed state psychiatric hospital evaluated change in therapeutic response among ten patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia who were switched from clozapine to risperidone. Drug effects were examined before discontinuation of clozapine and at three, six, nine, and 12 weeks of risperidone treatment. No patients improved, and five discontinued treatment due to exacerbation of psychosis or adverse effects. Changes in scores on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and the Barnes Akathisia Scale indicated clinically significant worsening of symptoms. The findings do not support replacing clozapine with risperidone for patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
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PMID:Effects of switching inpatients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia from clozapine to risperidone. 911 79

Haloperidol (HAL) has been widely used in the elderly. Little is known about the phenomenology of schizophrenia in late life or the response to antipsychotic treatment. We prospectively studied 19 elderly patients treated with HAL for 25 days. They ranged in age from 55 to 83 (mean age = 67.5 +/- 6.4 years). After a washout period in 15 patients (4 patients had been noncompliant with medication for at least 1 month), patients were rated before treatment and at the end of the assessment period with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Simpson-Angus extrapyramidal side effects rating scale (SA). Baseline PANSS scores were associated with change in SA scores (r = .52, p = .02) and with SA baseline score (r = .45, p = .05). Age was negatively associated with baseline positive subscale (r = -.42, p = .07) and endpoint positive subscale scores of PANSS (r = -.48, p = .04). Age was positively associated with improvement in negative symptoms (r = .53, p = .02). Haloperidol dose was negatively associated with improvement in positive symptoms (r = -.46, p = .04). Although studies with larger samples sizes are needed, these findings may indicate that elderly schizophrenics do not respond to treatment in the same manner as do younger schizophrenics.
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PMID:Symptom change and extrapyramidal side effects during acute haloperidol treatment in chronic geriatric schizophrenics. 913 62

There is increasing evidence suggesting that symptoms of depression and anxiety may also be associated with serotonergic dysfunction in schizophrenic patients. The effect of the adjuvant selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram was assessed regarding the symptom dimensions of schizophrenia measured with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD). Citalopram alleviated symptoms of the depression/anxiety dimension of the PANSS, but not the symptoms of the four other PANSS domains or depressive symptoms measured with the HRSD. The results support the hypothesis of a serotonergic dimension in schizophrenia.
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PMID:Citalopram as an adjuvant in schizophrenia: further evidence for a serotonergic dimension in schizophrenia. 917 31

Distractibility was assessed in 59 inpatients with a relapse of schizophrenia and 3 mo later during a period of relative remission. Distractibility was measured with a digit span task and symptoms with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Although positive and negative symptoms improved significantly, the schizophrenia subjects' performance on the digit span task remained stable over time. There was no relationship between attention and symptoms. The possibility of distractibility being a vulnerability indicator for schizophrenia is discussed.
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PMID:Distractibility and symptoms in schizophrenia. 918 16

A study on the concept and measurement of the basic disorders of schizophrenia is presented. A total of 151 male adult psychiatric inpatients (51 with a dual diagnosis of schizophrenia and alcoholism, 50 schizophrenics and 50 alcoholics) were included. The aims of this study were: (1) the replication of the previous finding that the Frankfurt Complaint Questionnaire (FBF) contains items that discriminate between schizophrenia and alcoholism; (2) an empirical comparison between FBF and the Bonn Scale for the Assessment of Basic Symptoms (BSABS); (3) testing the relationship between basic and negative versus positive symptoms, as measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Regarding (1), the former result was replicated. Regarding (2), FBF subscales and BSABS categories were shown to be significantly but weakly related, even if identical symptoms were included in the inquiry. Regarding (3), FBF and BSABS were found to be more closely related to negative than to positive PANSS items. Theoretical implications and consequences for further research are discussed.
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PMID:[Validity of assessment of schizophrenic basic symptoms]. 919 80

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of extrapyramidal signs or symptoms (EPS) and clinical symptoms in first-episode schizophrenia, before any treatment, during and after treatment with a novel antipsychotic, risperidone. Twenty-two (17 men; 5 women) patients were examined using the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Illness and Improvement, and Global Assessment of Functioning. Three patients (14%) had distinct EPS at baseline, whereas all were free of EPS after treatment with risperidone. On the maximum dose of risperidone (5-8 mg), 32% of the total sample developed mild akathisia or parkinsonism, both of which diminished with dosage reduction. No clinically significant EPS were observed in patients receiving 2 to 4 mg of risperidone. Analysis of symptom response of the lower (2-4 mg) versus the higher (5-8 mg) doses of risperidone resulted in superior outcome in the 2- to 4-mg group for all three symptom clusters of the PANSS. In addition, 91% of the low-dose group achieved a 20% or greater reduction in total PANSS score compared with 27% for the high-dose group. These findings have clinical relevance directed at the early and longer-term treatment of schizophrenia.
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PMID:Extrapyramidal signs and clinical symptoms in first-episode schizophrenia: response to low-dose risperidone. 924 Oct 11

A total of 24 never-treated (i.e. drug-naive) actively psychotic schizophrenic patients, operationalized according to DSM-III-R, were examined in a pre-post-treatment design using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for Schizophrenia (PANSS) and 99mTc-HMPAO-single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to assess regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). The control subjects were 20 patients free of neurological and psychiatric symptoms. Before treatment there was only a slight hypofrontality, and hypoperfusion was observed in the left temporal superior region. After treatment, hypofrontality was reduced to one region and temporal hypoperfusion disappeared. Formal thought disorders were accompanied by increased rCBF in the bilateral frontal interior and left temporal superior regions. Delusions were associated with hypoperfusion in the anterior cingulate cortex. Negative symptoms showed no linkage to hypofrontality, either before or after treatment. Factor analysis showed delusions and hallucinations loading on different dimensions. The disorganized dimension correlated positively with all regions of interest, whereas these were negatively correlated with reality distortion.
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PMID:Psychopathological and SPECT findings in never-treated schizophrenia. 925 24

Alcoholism is one of a group of common psychiatric diseases which are well-defined clinically and strongly influenced genetically, but which are likely to be highly heterogeneous in causation, genetically and otherwise. Dopamine is a key neurotransmitter in drug-mediated reinforcement. Based on association studies with the Taq1A downstream marker, the D2 dopamine receptor has been proposed to be the "Reward Deficiency Syndrome Gene." Ser311Cys, a naturally occurring variant which largely inactivates transduction after D2 receptor activation, was abundant (0.16) in a Southwestern American Indian population we studied. Therefore, we were able to provide a critical test of the D2 hypothesis of vulnerability to alcoholism by evaluating Ser311Cys and also the intron-2 STR and Taq1A markers at this locus in a total of 459 subjects, including 373 sib pairs, from large families. The result is that neither alcoholism, substance use disorders nor schizophrenia show a relationship to Ser311Cys genotype, even when the 15 Cys311/Cys311 homozygous individuals are compared to others. Furthermore, sib pair analysis incorporating information across all three sib pair categories: concordant affected, discordant and concordant unaffected revealed no effect of DRD2 genotype or haplotype on alcoholism or substance use disorder.
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PMID:Linkage and association of a functional DRD2 variant [Ser311Cys] and DRD2 markers to alcoholism, substance abuse and schizophrenia in Southwestern American Indians. 1049 Jul 20

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between neurocognitive deficits and self-reported quality of life in order to examine whether neurocognitive impairment interferes with any aspects of quality of life for patients with schizophrenia. Forty-two outpatients with stable chronic schizophrenia were assessed for neurocognitive deficits using a computerized test battery, and all patients completed a version of the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) to assess their quality of life across a variety of domains. The neurocognitive assessment tests revealed significant deficits compared with normal control subjects, particularly with respect to impaired iconic memory and frontal functioning. Patients reported that their quality of life was compromised. Despite the substantiation of marked neurocognitive deficits and reduced quality of life, correlations between neurocognitive deficits and quality of life were largely nonsignificant or very weak. Symptom expression, however, particularly with regard to general psychopathology on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), was significantly associated with quality of life. These results suggest that neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia, while often profound, appear to have little direct impact on the patient's perceived quality of life.
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PMID:The influence of neurocognitive deficits and symptoms on quality of life in schizophrenia. 926 45


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