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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sleep disturbances in psychoses can mean hypo- as well as hypersomnia. In 90% of endogenous depressed patients sleep disturbances were seen, mostly as hyposomnia. In the group of schizophrenic psychotic patients only 30% had sleep disturbances. With polygraphical investigations in endogenous depressed patients a shortening of REM-latency and a disturbed sleep profile, in schizophrenic psychoses a shortened REM-rebound and a reduced amount of stages 3 and 4 were found. The treatment of choice for depressions are antidepressive drugs and sleep deprivation, for schizophrenic psychoses neuroleptic drugs. This treatments improved subjective and objective sleep disturbances with psychopathological remission at the same time. So far, only hypothetical considerations do exist about the relationship between psychopathology and sleep disturbances. It is suspected that etiological relations exist between depression and desynchronization of central sleep mechanisms and between schizophrenia and special disturbances of REM-sleep and stage 3 and 4.
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PMID:[Sleep problems and their treatment in psychosis (author's transl)]. 4 23

This article considers first the relationships between sleep disturbances and psychiatry in general. It shows the interest of sleep recordings in psychiatric diseases as a complementary examination, in order to clarify a diagnosis or the selection of a treatment. Sleep disturbances in the main psychiatric disorders are described: brain organic diseases, thymic disorders, schizophrenia. Modifications of sleep are also found in many other psychiatric disturbances such as anxiety or neuroses. Polysomnography is an excellent functional examination of the brain and has an increasing importance in psychiatry.
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PMID:[Sleep disorders in psychiatric diseases. Clinical and polygraphic data]. 129 84

In order to examine the course of normal postpartum adjustment compared to the symptomatology of postpartum depression, 25 postpartum women who met Research Diagnostic Criteria for either major or minor depression were compared to 24 non-depressed postpartum women. The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were administered to all subjects. Results suggest that sleep disturbances and loss of sexual interest are common concomitants of normal postpartum adjustment. A discriminant function analysis indicated that the cognitive-affective symptoms of loss of energy, guilt, difficulties in concentration, and loss of interest in usual activities discriminated between depressed and non-depressed women most efficiently. Finally, there was a lack of concordance between the BDI and the SADS interviews, which suggests that the BDI may not be an appropriate instrument for diagnosing depression in a postpartum sample.
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PMID:Postpartum depression and postpartum adaptation: overlapping constructs? 252 93

An attempt is made to clinically differentiate between schizophreniform and schizophrenic disorders through the data obtained from a computerized clinical record. The information was handled by the SPSSX statistical program package. A group of 15 variables (flat affect, altered spontaneous attention, delusional mood, primary delusion, thoughts of suicide, disturbed sleep, D and Pt scores of the MMPI, axis V of DSM-III, secondary effects evaluated after a month of treatment, length of hospitalization, disorder development time and migration) enabled the two disorders to be differentiated, and of these, four (migration, Pt score on the MMPI, BPRS score after a month of treatment and the secondary effects after one month treatment) formed a discriminant function that differentiated 100% of the cases studied.
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PMID:[Schizophreniform disorder: a comparative study of the active phases of schizophrenic disorders]. 263 74

Thirty-two patients in remission were followed by regular ratings during a prospective neuroleptic withdrawal study. They were outpatients who fulfilled the DSM-III criteria of schizophrenia and who were motivated for drug withdrawal. The relapse rate was 81%. The results from the rating scales confirm the hypothesis that a symptom increase occurs before psychotic relapse. In the order statistical differences occurred, the factors predicting relapse were those concerned with positive psychopathology, motor dysfunction, impaired affects and sleep disturbances. The corresponding symptoms and signs were mainly concerned with thought disorders, paranoid ideation, overactivity, depression and insomnia middle, all of nonpsychotic degree of severity. If prodromes appear, the patient should resume his neuroleptic treatment, or other preventive measures should be taken. By such therapeutic interactions, psychotic relapse may be prevented, or can be dealt with in an outpatient setting.
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PMID:Schizophrenic relapse after drug withdrawal is predictable. 370 94

Temporal and regional variations in psychological processes have been associated with three geological factors. They are geochemical profiles, geomagnetic variations, and tectonic stresses. In the geochemical domain, copper, aluminum, zinc, and lithium may influence the incidence of thought disorders such as schizophrenia and senile dementia. These common elements are found in many soils and ground water. Geomagnetic variations have been correlated with enhanced anxiety, sleep disturbances, altered moods, and greater incidences of psychiatric admissions. The effects are usually brief but pervasive. Transient and very local epidemics of bizarre and unusual behaviors are sociological phenomena that sometimes precede increases in earthquake activity within a region; they have been hypothesized to be associated with tectonic strain. Many of the contemporary correlations between geological factors and human behavior are also apparent within historical data. The effects of geophysical and geochemical factors upon human behavior are not artifactual, but they are complex and often not detected by the limited scope of most studies.
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PMID:Geopsychology and geopsychopathology: mental processes and disorders associated with geochemical and geophysical factors. 379 7

In patients with an anxious syndrome of the neurotic genesis, complaints of sssleep disorders correlate with the clinical pattern of asthenic disturbances and objective changes in the sleep character (a reduction in delta-leep, frequent awakenings). In cases of hysterical neuroses, there is a dissociation between the intact structure of sleep and the absence of asthenic symptomatology on the one hand and complaints of marked sleep disturbances on the other. In cases of neurosis-like schizophrenia despite a reduction in delta-sleep, asthenic symptomatology is almost absent and complaints of sleep problems are rather formal in nature. The pathogenesis of sleep disorders in neurotic patients, including the role of anxiety in objective sleep pattern alternations, is discussed. A hypothesis relating the specific characteristics of thought to a diminished need for delta-leep in schizophrenics is proposed.
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PMID:[Clinico-physiologic analysis of sleep disorders among patients with borderline states]. 662 49

The authors measured the middle ear muscle activity during REM sleep of normal subjects (N = 13) and patients with schizophrenia (N = 11), schizoaffective disorder (N = 8), or major depressive disorder (N = 10). The rates of middle ear muscle activity for 5 schizophrenic patients were higher than the highest rates of the other groups. The patients with major depressive disorder had normal rates, and the rates of those with schizoaffective disorder were below normal. Within the schizophrenic patients, high middle ear muscle activity could not be directly attributed to background sleep disturbances, age, anxiety, depression, or diagnostic subtype.
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PMID:Middle ear muscle activity during REM sleep in schizophrenic, schizoaffective and depressed patients. 713 99

A prospective study was carried out on 30 patients suffering from a psychotic episode following a stressful life event. They were found to have an Emotional, Timid, Sensitive, Tense and Insecure personality. Sleep disturbance, Affective symptoms, Histrionic behaviour and Excitement were the common clinical features. Sixty-six per cent were found to be clinically and socially remitted during a 6 months' follow-up. For 20% the diagnosis was revised to Affective Psychosis and for 10% to Schizophrenia.
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PMID:Reactive psychosis. A prospective study. 736 90

86 cases of narrowly defined postpartum psychosis were investigated with regard to onset and course of symptomatology. The most frequent initial symptoms were restlessness, paranoid symptoms, catatonic excitement, anxiety, sleep disturbances and depressed mood. 16 patients had died at the time of follow-up. Concerning the further course of the disease 64% of the 61 women who were followed up (average 26 years from onset), had recurrences of illness. The most frequent longitudinal diagnosis, in 49% of the 61 cases, was 'schizoaffective disorder'; only 28% of patients were diagnosed as having schizophrenic disorders at follow-up.
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PMID:Postpartum psychoses: onset and long-term course. 823 36


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