Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Previous studies have suggested that arylsulphatase A (ASA - the biochemical marker of metachromatic leucodystrophy) deficiency may be present in a sizeable proportion of patients with chronic psychosis. This study surveyed leucocyte ASA activity in a group of chronic psychotic patients and compared ASA activity in 3 subgroups fulfilling Research Diagnostic Criteria for schizophrenia (undifferentiated), paranoid schizophrenia and schizoaffective psychosis. Three of 45 patients had significantly reduced ASA activity but none had metachromatic leucodystrophy. Although ASA levels did not differ significantly between the groups, schizophrenics without a family history of schizophrenia had significantly lower ASA levels than those with. The implications of these findings are discussed.
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PMID:Leucocyte arylsulphatase A activity and subtypes of chronic schizophrenia. 197 70

As many as 43 patients with first diagnosed paranoid schizophrenia running a shift-like course were examined for the blood counts of T and B lymphocytes with regard to the treatment conducted and disease standing. The patients received 3 types of the treatment: insulin, neuroleptics and combined treatment (insulin plus neuroleptics). During the treatment and after it, the content of B lymphocytes remained practically unchanged (p greater than 0.05) in all the patients. The content of T lymphocytes was reduced throughout the whole period of affliction with schizophrenia. However, during the combined treatment of the disease, a tendency towards increase of T cells was revealed, which coincided with the best clinical indicators.
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PMID:[T- and B-lymphocytes and their clinico-pathogenetic significance in patients with paranoid schizophrenia]. 197 61

The EEG of the frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital areas of the brain were examined in patients with recurrent, shift-like, simple and paranoid schizophrenia as well as in healthy persons. Analysis of the EEG involved two stages, using computer. Making use of the distinguished discriminant functions--components (waves) of the EEG interrelated in a definite manner, which may be "EEG markers", it turned out possible to perform differential computer-aided diagnosis of healthy persons and patients with different schizophrenia patterns. In patients with the recurrent and paranoid patterns, the accuracy of coincidence of the clinical diagnosis with that established by means of computer appeared to be equal to 61%. In groups with shift-like and simple schizophrenia, the accuracy amounted to 35 and 33%, respectively.
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PMID:[Systemic organization of EEG in patients with different forms of schizophrenia]. 217

In a prospective study of 80 new female patients with acute psychiatric disorders (40 each with schizophrenia and major affective disorder), elevated (P less than 0.001) serum concentrations of IgG and IgA were found in comparison to healthy control groups matched for age and sex. In schizophrenic patients the mean levels of IgG (1682.76 mg/dl) and IgA (321.12 mg/dl) were found to be significantly more as compared to those in the control group (IgG-1213.18 mg/dl and IgA - 210.14 mg/dl). Patients with paranoid schizophrenia had significantly high mean serum levels of IgG (1896.86 mg/dl) and IgA (376.16 mg/dl) in comparison to other subtypes of schizophrenia (i.e., catatonic, disorganized and undifferentiated). Mean serum concentrations of IgG and IgA in major affective disorder - mania (IgG 1526.36 mg/dl and IgA 382.16 mg/dl) and major depressive episode (IgG 2008.12 mg/dl and IgA 536.72 mg/dl) were found to be significantly higher as compared to those in the control group (IgG-920.21 mg/dl and IgA - 232.12 mg/dl).
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PMID:Immunoglobulin profile in acute psychiatric disorders. 237 88

Different studies published in the last years have focused on the psychotropic effects of carbamazepine (CBZ). This study tried to investigate the efficacity of CBZ as an adjunct treatment of schizophrenia. 20 patients with a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia, according to the RDC, have been investigated by double-blind method. Subjects are divided in two groups (n = 10). The first one is treated with CBZ (with dose in order to reach a plasma level between 8-12 mg/l) and haloperidol (oral fixed dose: 30 mg/day). The second group only with haloperidol (same dose). Clinical and psychopathological disturbances are evaluated with the BPRS, and secondary effects with the UKU scale. A clinical improvement (greater than 70%, measured by the BPRS) was observed for both groups, without significant differences. Patients treated with CBZ show an important reduction of neurological secondary effects related to neuroleptics (haloperidol). Carbamazepine appears to be a useful treatment, combined with neuroleptics, for acute schizophrenic episodes.
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PMID:[Carbamazepine: an effective adjuvant treatment in the schizophrenias]. 267 32

The results of a one-year, open multicenter trial of perphenazine enanthate, a sustained-release neuroleptic drug, are reported. 240 patients (62% suffering from schizophrenia) were included in the study and 144 were followed during the 12-month period. The usual adverse reactions associated with sustained-release neuroleptic drugs were observed. Total and partial BPRS ratings showed that improvement (expressed as a percentage) after 12 months' treatment was similar for systematized chronic delusions, paranoid schizophrenia and hebephrenia. However, the onset of therapeutic activity was different in these three groups of patients. Maximum therapeutic activity, as defined by the BPRS rating, was obtained within 4 months in chronic delusions whereas schizophrenia improved more progressively. Such patients therefore require prolonged treatment before the therapeutic activity of a sustained-release neuroleptic drug can be assessed.
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PMID:[Perphenazine enanthate. Results of a 1-year open multicenter study]. 268 65

Paranoid schizophrenics were found to be more similar to affective disordered patients than to other types of schizophrenics on age at first hospitalization and premorbid social competence. These findings support an earlier formulation of paranoid schizophrenia as a reflection of underlying affective disorder rather than as a subtype of schizophrenia. In addition, in all the diagnostic groups, women were found to be older than men at first hospitalization.
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PMID:Age at first hospitalization and premorbid social competence in schizophrenia and affective disorder. 271 53

Prevalence rates (PRs) for EFP (schizophrenic, schizoaffective and affective psychoses), with allowance for proband sex and age-of-onset data were studied in a subdivided population from the North-East of the European Region of the USSR. The population includes three subpopulations: a small old religious semi-isolate of Russians ("Rs"), aboriginal Komi people ("Ks")--an ethnic community of Ugro-Finnish lineage, and a mixed group of migrants ("Ms") from various regions of the USSR. The latter is mainly an urban population, while the "Rs" and "Ks" are, on the whole, rural populations. The total PR for EFP was found to be 0.97% for the "Rs", 0.63% for the "Ks" and 0.35% for the "Ms", whereas PRs-0.85-1.15% in other parts of the USSR, mainly for "panmixed" populations in large towns. The lower PRs for EFP in the "Ms" is caused by a backmigration flow involving certain groups of patients; consequently, the mean liability for "Ms" offsprings (as a whole) should also be lower. On the other hand, the lower PRs for EFP in the "Ks" is caused by underpresentation of clinically mild cases of the mental disease (mainly, pseudoneurotic schizophrenia), especially among female patients, probably due to that the so affected persons are sufficiently adapted to the cultural traditions of this rural population. It was shown that in the "Rs" the total PR for "nuclear" and paranoid schizophrenia is 0.68% versus 0.25% in a "panmixed" population. The increase is most likely caused by the high inbreeding level in the "Rs" semi-isolate, and if this is correct, we may suppose that at least one or two recessive genes are involved in the liability to the most heavy forms of schizophrenia. On the other hand, in the "Ms" (as in other "panmixed" populations) positive assortative mating among hereditary-predisposed persons is a more significant factor influencing family transmission of EFP, since the correlation between probands and their spouses is rpp = 0.31 (p less than 0.001) in the "Ms", as compared to rpp = 0.19 (p less than 0.1) in the "Rs". Thus, our general conclusion is that neither the place of inhabitance nor the life mode are the causal factors for EFP, but rather some genetic factors, more accurately, certain sets of specific genes.
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PMID:[Genetico-demographic patterns of the prevalence of various forms of endogenous psychoses]. 275 47

The authors examined 29 patients with endogenous psychosis (incl. 25 suffering from paranoid schizophrenia and four suffering from bipolar psychosis diagnosed according to DSM III criteria) with the aim to reveal the relationship of hitherto little studied HLA-DR antigens and the psychotic disease. Moreover, the passesed in the group also the ration of HLA-A, B, C antigens. In patients with paranoid schizophrenia and in all patients they found a higher incidence of HLA-DR2 antigens and a lower incidence of HLA-DRw6 and DR7. A statistically significant result was obtained only for HLA-DR2, and only before correction of p. The corrected p value (for the number of antigens) was no longer significant. This finding may serve as a stimulus to resolve the relationship of HLA-DR antigens and schizophrenia in a larger number of patients and in a greater number of departments.
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PMID:[Incidence of HLA-DR antigens in endogenous psychoses]. 280 19

The group of paranoid or delusional disorders, although not nearly as common as the mood and schizophrenic disorders, may be much more frequent than has usually been thought. DSM-IIIR has made a decisive step in recognizably defining at least one group of them. Interestingly, this change partly came about because the advent of an effective treatment helped to define that group more clearly. Nevertheless, DSM-IIIR's classification is too restrictive, and it was wrong to exclude the diagnosis of paraphrenia. Cases fitting this description will have to be consigned to the category of Psychotic Disorder NOS, which will inevitably be a grab-bag of mixed diagnoses. Also, DSM-IIIR does not emphasize the link between the delusional disorders and paranoid schizophrenia, and the somewhat less well defined overlap with affective disorders, both of which give rise to much diagnostic confusion and inappropriate treatment. Precise history taking and mental status examination and, above all, an up-to-date knowledge of their existence are essential to the recognition and appropriate treatment of the delusional disorders.
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PMID:Delusional (paranoid) disorders. 304 69


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