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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Childhood schizophrenia is an increasingly difficult disorder to identify. We review the DSM-III criteria for schizophrenia and raise the possibility that schizophreniform symptoms may be present in children with Tourette disorder to identify. We review the DSM-III criteria for seen in Tourette disorder that resemble the symptoms of schizophrenia are discussed and data from selected patients are presented. This data is presented to assist clinicians in making more appropriate diagnoses (that is, avoiding the incorrect diagnosis of schizophrenia) and in refining distinctions between the symptoms of schizophrenia seen in childhood and similar symptoms seen in other developmental disorders, especially Tourette disorder.
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PMID:Are schizophreniform symptoms present in attenuated form in children with Tourette disorder and other developmental disorders. 243 38

The work deals with the catamnestic substantiation of the systematics of schizophrenia in children. A group of 328 patients was selected in 1982-1987 from a cohort of schizophrenic patients studied in 1962-1972 in which the onset of the disease fell on their first 5 years. The stability of the course patterns was evidenced in the early childhood schizophrenia. A set of subspecies of disorders similar to schizoactive psychoses and peculiar affective schizoid states was differentiated out of the general pool of slow progredient and attack-like schizophrenia. This allowed to prove the notion of the whole continuum of endogenous psychoses in not only adults but also in children.
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PMID:[Classification of the course of childhood schizophrenia in the light of long-term follow-up]. 258 3

26 children with diagnoses of autism and 22 children with diagnoses of childhood schizophrenia or a variant thereof were compared on the variable of winter birth. Analyses showed that autistic children had a higher proportion of winter births than schizophrenic children. These findings are related to other research linking winter birth to negative-syndrome adult schizophrenia.
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PMID:Birth seasonality in developmentally disabled children. 276 62

The authors have examined 225 probands with childhood schizophrenia aged 4-14 yrs and their 519 first-degree relatives; 14.8% of the relatives (13.6% parents and 21.8% sibs) suffered from schizophrenia. An attempt is made to define the contribution of the genetic and environmental factors to the development of different clinical forms of childhood schizophrenia. The age when the disease manifests appears to depend on environmental factors. In all forms of schizophrenia (excluding slow progressive schizophrenia) the progressive development of the disease is associated with the impacts of exogenous factors. In the development of slow progressive schizophrenia the genetic factors play an important role.
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PMID:[Correlations between endogenous and exogenous factors in the development of childhood schizophrenia]. 342 53

The authors consider poorly studied questions of childhood schizophrenia prophylaxis (primary, secondary, individual, and social). At present it is virtually impossible to speak about primary and individual prophylaxis of childhood schizophrenia as an endogenic disease. Preventive measures of reduction of birth rates in groups of patients and individuals at a high risk of the disease should be considered as social prophylaxis aimed at decreasing the prevalence of this disease in the population and complicated by relevant deontological problems. Secondary (therapeutic) prophylaxis of infantile schizophrenia holds promise, due to the fact that the predictions of its outcome are not altogether gloomy and prophylactic treatment runs a favourable course in more than half the cases. Prospects of secondary (therapeutic) prophylaxis of childhood schizophrenia are steadily improving due to the breakthroughs of modern therapy.
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PMID:[Possibilities of preventing childhood schizophrenia]. 381 7

102 children whose histories included a diagnosis of infantile autism or childhood schizophrenia were followed longitudinally to assess cognitive developmental trends. Despite some sample attrition, administration of a test battery of 5 language skill measures and 2 perception skill measures during 5 test periods over 4 years yielded 336 usable test batteries. After all tests had been administered, diagnosis of subjects for autism and schizophrenia using developmental histories and behavioral observations drawn at the time of first test-battery administration showed 111 test batteries on 33 children diagnosed as autistic, and 100 test batteries on 27 children diagnosed as schizophrenic. Comparisons of age and test score correlations, comparisons of cross-sequential means, and trends for means for diagnostic subgroups and normal controls suggest developmental delay for all skills at all ages for both autistic and schizophrenic children. Findings also suggest a trend for steady prepubertal cognitive skill development, followed by a postpubertal decline in skills for both diagnostic groups.
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PMID:Developmental trends in cognitive skills for children diagnosed as autistic and schizophrenic. 670 25

What we have tried to do in this paper is to question the universality of Infantile Autism as implied by the various definitions which have been provided. Our research of the literature has convinced us that infantile autism appears to be an illness of Western Civilization, and appears in countries of high technology, where the nuclear family dominates. We indicated that no research studies were located in the U.S.A. on Hispanics, in spite of their large number. Furthermore, it was found to be quite rare among Black families. We also saw that the illness seems to be quite infrequent in Latin American countries, Africa, and India, while the rate is high in Japan, but only in westernized families. Tinbergen (1974) likewise feels that infantile autism is "actually on the increase in a number of Western and westernized societies". Two major variables which are interconnected seem to be responsible for the confusion in the findings. One of them is the problem of diagnosis. It would seem that many researchers have extended the definition of infantile autism to include other seriously afflicted children, including those who are brain-damaged. This is no surprise, since such conflicts exist as Ritvo (1981) estimating that there are 300,000 autistic children in the U.S., while a report by the National Institute for Handicapped Research estimates the number of autistic children to be 71,000 (1981). Another aspect of the findings which has been contradictory is that some investigators have found that parents of autistic children tend to be of higher S.E.S., particularly in European studies, while some studies in the U.S.A. did not find such a difference among the parents of autistic and non-autistic children. We have provided some illustrations to indicate that studies which have found no differences were not dealing exclusively with autistic children as defined by Kanner, and often used childhood schizophrenia and autism interchangeably. Cantwell, Baker, and Rutter (1978) have pointed out that this persistent difference of superior S.E.S. of parents of autistic children is an embarrassing finding which is very hard to explain if one holds that the disease is organically determined. In conclusion to his review of the literature on the universality of adult schizophrenia, Torrey (1973) wrote the following: "Studies must be done soon or it will be too late to do them at all. But, until the universal prevalence of schizophrenia becomes an open question, this task is unlikely to be undertaken". The writer of this paper is of the same opinion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Is infantile autism a universal phenomenon? An open question. 674 21

Altogether 222 patients with early childhood schizophrenia, including 102 patients with an attack-like slow progressive schizophrenia were followed up. A distinct stability of the singled out forms of schizophrenia with the onset in early childhood was demonstrated. Within the framework of each form of the disease development a variability of the progression inherent to each form is established. Its greatest variability was noted within the range of the attack-like, slow progressive schizophrenia. It is mostly influenced by the ontogenetic, somato- and psychogenic factors.
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PMID:[Course and prognosis of childhood schizophrenia in the light of follow-up information]. 743 34

Questions of a comparative age-associated approach to the study of schizophrenia in children and adolescents are discussed. The nosological unity of childhood and adolescent schizophrenia with that of adults is emphasized. Age-associated modification of schizophrenia in children and adolescents with respect to epidemiological data, psychopathological differences and the forms of the disease course are considered. Special attention is drawn to the typical combination of symptoms of genuine schizophrenic defect in childhood schizophrenia with the signs of disorders of development emerging due to the schizophrenic process. Differential-diagnostic criteria for childhood and adolescent schizophrenia are given, depending upon the age of onset and disease course.
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PMID:[Comparative age aspect of studies of schizophrenia in children and adolescents]. 743 35

A clinico-genetic investigation of 61 probands with attacklike childhood schizophrenia and 188 relatives including 143 individuals of the first relationship degree (121 parents, 22 sibs) and 45 members of the families of the second and third degree of relationship was conducted. Among the parents 20 manifesting schizophrenic psychoses were detected which equals to 16,5% of the total number of the parents of this group. The parents suffered from attack-like schizophrenia. Besides, the percentage (37,1%) of alleviated forms of psychoses in the parents of this group appeared to be high. The sibs of probands with attacklike schizophrenia had a high risk of schizophrenia (27,2%).
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PMID:[Study of the family background of patients with seizure-like childhood schizophrenia]. 743 37


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