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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The possible mechanisms that underlie symptom formation in childhood schizophrenia are discussed. A body of research evidence has been reviewed in which dissociation in relation to information processing was examined for its possible consequence in the formation and expression of symptomatology. Schizophrenic children have been found to exhibit dissociation of integrative processes among the sense systems at a level which is several years below normal expectation, and they usually fail to improve as age increases. The clinical manifestations of schizophrenia are considered to be the consequence of the conflict, distortion, and deprivation that derive from failure in information processing. These consequences can best be understood within a developmental framework which encompasses the different age-stages of function. This approach to the understanding of symptom formation is discussed in relationship to other evidence which suggests that primary neurological abnormality is present in schizophrenic children. Thus the identification of abnormality of intersensory integrative function may increase our understanding of etiology as well as of the mechanisms of symptom formation in schizophrenic children.
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PMID:Symptom formation as an expression of disordered information processing in schizophrenic children. 4 49

The examination of 32 children with Kanner's syndrome of early infantile autism permits to assume that this syndrome in some of the cases is expressed only by inborn anomalies which correspond to constitutional psychopathy in adults. In most of the cases this syndrome forms the initial expression of child schizophrenia. In separate cases disorders very similar to Kanner's syndrome may be seen after the first olliterated attack during early childhood (up to 3 years). A comparative study of the same indices of development of 268 children with an early onset of schizophrenic process in spite of some differences confirms that Kanner's syndrome is very close to childhood schizophrenia. An analysis of genealogical data shows genetical relations of Kanner's syndrome with child schizophrenia.
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PMID:[Kanner's syndrome and childhood schizophrenia]. 5 49

The authors discusses some unclear and insufficiently studied problems related to early infantile autism, regress of development and underdevelopment of schizophrenic children. The basis of early infantile autism is most likely a peculiar disturbance of development due to constitutional, organic and psychogenic factors. In most of the cases this syndrome is connected with the schizophrenic process. The majority of psychiatrists in the Soviet Union consider lowering to a more early level of development as a regress of development in child schizophrenia symptoms. The clinical picture of retarded development in childhood schizophrenia depends upon the age of the onset of the disease and the degree of progressiveness of the process. Depending upon these criteria it is possible to distinguish retarded development, resembling oligophrenia and phenomena of psychophysical infantilism.
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PMID:[Several developmental disorders in children with schizophrenia]. 6 1

The paper concerns similarities and differences between childhood schizophrenia and schizophrenia of the adults from the standpoint of the genealogical background in the respective families. The degree of loading by manifest psychoses and the typology of nonmanifest disturbances among the parents of probands with an unfavorable development of early childhood schizophrenia was studied. The data obtained demonstrate heterogeneity of this form of childhood schizophrenia, confirmed as well by genealogical studies in a comparative age aspect.
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PMID:[Clinico-genealogic study of patients with unfavorable early infantile schizophrenia]. 49 19

Lauretta Bender, internationally known as one of the pioneers in the field of child psychiatry, has written extensively on autism and other forms of childhood disturbance. This paper reviews and analyzes the development of her theories on autism, especially as it relates to childhood schizophrenia. Bender believes that the condition is one of the manifestations of schizophrenia occurring in earliest childhood. This review traces, through her writings and through personal contact, the development and elaboration of this view, and discusses influences on her work of Schilder, Gesell and others.
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PMID:Lauretta Bender on autism: a review. 52 91

The problem of differential diagnosis of childhood schizophrenia versus gross brain pathology is a difficult one. The clinical picture, for instance, of dementia infantalis (Heller's Disease) is indistinguishable from that of schizophrenia (Shaw & Lucas, 1970). The same is true of some major metabolic disorders (Bray,1970). Coexisting neurological and EEG findings for seizures are not helpful since these are often seen in schizophrenia (Bender, 1947; Fish, 1977). Mental retardation may coexist with schizophrenia or any of the other disorders. The following is an unusual case illustration of a child presenting symptoms of schizophrenia, seizures, and retardation without neurological abnormalities. Until his gross anatomical brain pathology was found by neurologic evaluation, he was subjected to the inappropriate treatment of psychotherapy.
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PMID:Davidoff-Dyke-Masson syndrome presenting as childhood schizophrenia. 57 29

Out of 59 childhood schizophrenics examined, 11 had fallen ill as early as within the first years of their lives. Seven of these had been confined to a hospital or a similar institution when the illness set in. Two other children were congenitally blind or deaf and, owing to this fact, were largely deprived of communication with their environment. It was possible to diagnose schizophrenia even though the patients were mentally retarded. It seems that lack of communication within the first years of life can not only produce mental retardation but also provoke childhood schizophrenia.
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PMID:Can childhood schizophrenia develop out of hospitalism? 74 Sep 17

After considerable controversies during the last decades there is no longer any doubt about childhood schizophrenia as a disease, although within German-speaking countries its somewhat wider definition like in Anglo-Saxon child- and adolescent psychiatry is not accepted. The relation of early childhood autism to the nosologic entity of schizophrenia still remains speculative. The etiology of childhood schizophrenia is not known, equally not that of the even less frequent manic-depressive disease. Symptoms, course, and prognosis of childhood schizophrenia which developes between preschool age and the begin of puberty are described in detail.
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PMID:[Schizophrenia in childhood (author's transl)]. 76 43

A critical examination of the data for and against genetic factors in early infantile autism and childhood schizophrenia is presented. The extreme rareness of both disorders made analysis difficult. No strong evidence exists implicating genetics in the development of childhood psychoses that begin before the age of 5. Family pedigree data fail to support psychogenic transmission because very few siblings of early onset cases are affected. Biological but not genetic etiological agents are more likely. Genetic factors are implicated in the development of psychoses that begin near pubescence and such factors appear to overlap with those for adult schizophrenia. Reevaluation of the minimum age of onset for adult-type schizophrenia is suggested.
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PMID:The genetics, if any, of infantile autism and childhood schizophrenia. 79 20

The concept of "childhood schizophrenia" is ambiguous because of problems on the diagnostic level, especially in regard to symptomatology and prognosis. After studies which produced the description of "early infantile autism", childhood schizophrenia studies were even more confused. One reason for this was that there were not sufficient follow-up studies about the schizophrenia-like psychoses during occurring childhood, on the one hand, and the retrospective-anamnestic research was limited in the field of adult psychiatry, on the other hand. The author has focused on two points of view in order to discuss the problem of childhood schizophrenia. One is the non outbreak of childhood psychoses in children from 6 to 8 years old which was demonstrated by a couple of epidemiological research studies. The other is the concept of "Knick" (in Germany) which usually accompanies classical German theories of schizophrenia. "Knick" means that, at some point in the patient's history, there is an incident that is the indication of the onset of schizophrenia. The subjects were selected from the author's own cases. They continuously and insidiously developed schizophrenic symptoms during pre-puberty and puberty, presenting behavioral abnormalities or neurosis-like signs from early childhood. The diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia corresponds to DSM-III and with the German theory of Bleuler and Schneider. All cases have been treated for more than ten years. The acute onset cases, the mentally retarded cases (DSM-III .318) and the cases with suspected organic brain disorders were excluded because of the diagnostic problems. The author could differentiate these subjects into three groups based on the development in the infantile stage. The first was autistic group and the second mentally subnormal (DSM-III .317) or borderline group. Psychiatric problems of these two groups were already obvious in early childhood. The third group developed normally until they were 3-5 years old. After that they presented neurotic symptoms having some kind of intra-familiar problems. The author could confirm that these three groups manifested various kinds of neurosis-like symptoms, mainly obsessive-compulsive ones, from 3-5 years old. The so-called latent time, which is thought to be a non-outbreak time of childhood psychoses, may correspond to the prodromal stage of schizophrenia in these cases. This research is based on study of 31 children. An in-depth study has been done by the author of 6 of these children, 2 in each of the 3 categories described above. The "Knick"-points were not identifiable in these cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[On schizophrenic cases which present neurosis-like symptoms from early childhood--in relation to the prodromal signs and childhood schizophrenia]. 186 33


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