Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The diagnosis and treatment of severe masked depression in schizophrenia is discussed, and the difficulties in management are stressed, with particular reference to drug therapy, E.C.T., and psychotherapy.
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PMID:The treatment of severely depressed schizophrenic patients. 2 24

The author puts a survey of new books, book's contributions, and recurrent publications of Geropsychiatry in last years. Special extracts are engaged with epidemiological investigations, clinical and diagnostical factors of presenile and senile dementia, and longitudinal studies of depressive disorders and schizophrenia. Sexual deviations, problems of therapy (Lithium, psychotherapy), and problems of expert opinion in older age are reported.
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PMID:[Trends in modern international gerontological research. Psychiatric aspects]. 2 43

This study is an account of thirty cases of schizophrenia treated experimentally in open with Pipotiazine (19366 R.P.), these cases, of the Kraepelin's Dementia Praecox type, in serious or complicated forms necessitating important measures of hospital care. The quantitative and qualitative therapeutic results, very favourable and original, consist in the transformation of these serious forms into simple or latent forms of schizophrenia. The undesirable effects, rare and always regressive, were all the smaller in the measure as the favourable effects were greater, which indicates a precise impact on certain determinants (central control of affectivity and the representation of the autonomous body). Pipotiazine develops a curative process in the personality characterized mainly by the emergence of lucidity, narcissistic euphoria (anti-persecutory and anti-splintering) and by the apprehension of intrapsychic splitting, setting in motion the necessary psychological task of reconstruction.
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PMID:[Influence of pipotiazine on schizophrenia]. 2 60

The indices of acid-alkaline blood balance was studied in the dynamics of dosed hungering in 29 patients with sluggish schizophrenia and 16 patients with residual signs oforganic lesions of the CNS. There were differences in the pH index, standard and buffer bicarbonates alkaline deficiency which indicated to different degrees of acidosis in this group of patients. Significant differences in the acid-alkaline indices during hunger were seen in the different groups of patients depending upon the existence or absence of hypothalamic disorders (without consideration of their nosological affinity). The existence of hypothalamic disorders requires a more careful consideration when prescribing hunger therapy (the first session should not exceed 10-14 days).
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PMID:[Acid-base balance during dosed fasting of schizophrenic patients with residual manifestations of organic lesions of the central nervous system]. 2 50

In a study of vestibular responses to caloric stimulation that controlled opportunity for fixation and state of alertness, we evaluated previous findings of diminished nystagmus in schizophrenia. We failed to replicate earlier reports in these respects: (1) None of the psychotic patient groups, when compared with normal controls, showed lower response intensity, latency, or culmination time of the nystagmic response. (2) The schizophrenic groups did not manifest a prevalence of clinically significant asymmetry. We did, however, observe that chronic deteriorated schizophrenics and recent schizophrenics have significantly greater dysrhythmic responses. This diminished orderliness of nystagmus may explain previous reports of absent or diminished nystagmus in the schizophrenics. The results are not compatible with peripheral vestibular disease in schizophrenia, but they may reflect state-related phenomena consistent with disturbances in alertness, which are not necessarily voluntary or motivational in origin.
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PMID:Vestibular responses in schizophrenia. 2 3

Long-acting neuroleptics, without offering a therapeutic breakthrough in the treatment of schizophrenia, are nevertheless a definite step in the management of patients with this disorder. The adequate assessment of these agents necessitates methodological considerations to ensure first, just and adequate patient selection, secondly, adaptations to the drug's characteristics, thridly, sufficient duration of the study and finally, special precautions in the assessment of toxicity. Furthermore, the patient management in these studies must ensure continued and easy accessibility of the simultaneously investigating and treating team.
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PMID:Assessment of long-acting neuroleptics. Methods and problems. 2

Assessed the effect of response interference on the word associations of male and female process and reactive schizophrenics in two studies that used the difference in associative disturbances between high and low interference (low and high commonality stimulus words) as the measure. The reactives showed a significantly greater increase in disturbances in the high interference condition than did process schizophrenics in both studies. These results occurred in process and reactive groups that did not differ in age, IQ, institutionalization, and current level of physiological arousal and symptom severity in Study I. Findings supported predictions from a qualitative differences theory of cognitive deficit in schizophrenia.
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PMID:Interference in word associations in schizophrenia. 2 35

The ability of cocaine to exert internal stimulus control of behavior was investigated by training rats to discriminate 10 mg/kg cocaine from saline in a discrete-trial, two-lever, food-reward procedure. Acquisition of response control by cocaine (1) succeeded in all animals tested, (2) proceeded rapidly, and (3) was associated with a high Commission Error: Omission Error ratio. These findings support the hypothesis that cocaine, a prototype of drugs inducing a psychotic condition in humans, can act as a powerful internal stimulus in rats. The cocaine cue was also responsive to the action of the dopamine-receptor-blocking agents spiperone (ED50: 0.06 mg/kg), haloperidol (0.24 mg/kg), and pimozide (1.90 mg/kg). d, l-Amphetamine (1.25 mg/kg) induced stimulus generalization with cocaine, and this generalization was blocked by dosages of the same neuroleptics comparable to those of cocaine antagonism. The results are discussed in terms of internal stimulus control of behavior and its relevance to the psychophysiology of schizophrenia.
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PMID:Neuroleptic interference with the cocaine cue: internal stimulus control of behavior and psychosis. 2 46

In order to evaluate the influence of antipsychotic drugs used in the treatment of schizophrenia on therapy based on sensory integrative theory, this study, developed through library research, explores the theoretical bases for these two modes of treatment. Studies of chlorpromazine, a prototypical antipsychotic drug, show that its local action on the neurotransmitters of the brain may explain in theory its therapeutic efficacy. By citing evidence of sensory processing deficits in schizophrenic patients, a theoretical basis for the use of a sensory integrative approach to therapy is established. A comparison of these theories leads to the conclusion that a sensory integrative approach can serve as an important reinforcer of the therapeutic actions of chlorpromazine. Implications for treatment and research are considered.
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PMID:The theoretical implications of chlorpromazine as a sensory integrative theory. 2 81

There is considerable similarity between paranoid schizophrenia and psychoses provoked by dopaminergic overstimulation in the central nervous system. The fact that neuroleptics are able to block dopaminergic neural activity has led to the hypothesis that there might exist a common biochemical substrate for schizophrenia and e. g. the amphetamine psychoses. Dopaminergic overstimulation may be elicited by different drugs interacting with the dopamine metabolism e. g. dopamine-beta-hydroxylase inhibition (disulfiram, fusaric acid); monoamine-oxidase-inhibition (phenelzine, tranylcypromine); dopamine release (amphetamine); stimulation of postsynaptic dopamine receptors (bromocriptine, apomorphine). Resulting psychotic symptoms consist of ideas of reference, delusions, visual and acustic hallucinations in a clear setting of consciousness. Psychoses occur usually in subjects, who have suffered from various psychiatric illnesses, which have apparently in common a reduced monoamine-oxidase activity in platelets. It is concluded from various biochemical findings, that psychoses resulting from dopaminergic overstimulation and schizophrenia have different biological substrates.
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PMID:[Psychotropic drugs as tools for clinical research into schizophrenia (author's transl)]. 2 31


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