Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifty-eight actively psychotic inpatients who initially met criteria for long-standing schizophrenia and subsequently met Research Diagnostic Criteria for a current episode of schizoaffective disorder (mainly schizophrenic) with a depressive syndrome, and who scored at least 30 (mean = 55, SEM = 1.6) on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and 17 (mean = 23, SEM = 0.7) on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, were treated for 5 weeks with haloperidol hydrochloride and benztropine. Haloperidol and benztropine treatment was continued, while those patients who consistently scored greater than 17 on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression were randomly assigned to the following double-blind treatment groups for 4 weeks: adjunctive amitriptyline hydrochloride, desipramine hydrochloride, or placebo. Adjunctive desipramine or amitriptyline showed no significant therapeutic advantage, when compared with haloperidol and placebo, on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale or the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. After 4 weeks of combine therapy, patients receiving adjunctive amitriptyline or desipramine, as compared with those receiving adjunctive placebo, tended to score higher on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale hallucinatory behavior item and on the thinking disturbance factor than patients receiving placebo. These results suggest that adjunctive antidepressants are not indicated for the treatment of depressive symptoms in actively psychotic schizophrenic inpatients. Adjunctive antidepressants may retard the rate of resolution of psychosis in this population.
 ...
PMID:Antidepressants in 'depressed' schizophrenic inpatients. A controlled trial. 222 37

Of 301 first-time admitted patients with delusional psychoses, 50 met DSM-III criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD), 33 schizoaffective disorder, depressive type (SADD), and 94 schizophrenia. At personal follow-up after 3-39 (mean 22) years, the SADD group was recorded in between on course and outcome variables, but closer to MDD. The findings in MDD and SADD were respectively: remission 66% vs. 42%, personality disorders 14% vs. 12%, anxiety disorder or alcohol abuse 2% vs. 6%, psychosis 18% vs. 36% (with bipolar development in 2% vs. 6%, paranoid disorder 2% vs. 3%, schizophrenia 4% vs. 3%). Chronic psychosis was recorded in 10% vs. 27%. No significant outcome difference was found between early onset MDD and SADD cases and those who fell ill at a higher age. The assumption that antidepressants may induce mania could not be confirmed. Normal premorbid personality seemed to predict a favourable course.
 ...
PMID:Long-term course and outcome in unipolar affective and schizoaffective psychoses. 273 3

Though self-report measures and clinician-based ratings are extensively used to document psychopathology, there has been little work examining the relationship between these different types of measurement techniques. The current work examined the relationship between the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Correlations were calculated in an initial exploratory sample, and a set of relationships was selected for confirmation in a second sample. The BPRS items of hallucinatory behavior and tension significantly correlated with MMPI measures of psychoticism. BPRS measures of hostility correlated with scale 4 (Psychopathic Deviate) of the MMPI. BPRS and MMPI measures of depression also were related. In contrast, BPRS and MMPI measures thought to reflect negative symptoms were uncorrelated. These results offer behavioral validity for the use of the MMPI in schizophrenic samples and suggest that the two measures tap similar as well as separable symptom constructs thought to be common in schizophrenia.
 ...
PMID:Correlations between the MMPI and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale in schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients. 274 68

A sample of pre-1967 case records with a hospital diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder were presented for rediagnosis to members of the present staff of the Institute of Psychiatry/Maudsley Hospital. The raters were asked to make a diagnostic choice of either schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder or affective disorder and indicate how useful they would consider certain treatments for the present episode and for the long term. There was a significant trend in diagnosis to affective disorder but this trend was not correlated with the usefulness of certain treatments, e.g. lithium, a drug which had not been in use before 1967.
 ...
PMID:Availability of treatment and diagnostic labelling. 276 75

Thirty-four adolescent psychiatric inpatients were studied in order to find out whether there is a correlation between serotonin platelet uptake (SPU), suicidality and aggression. The patients were divided into four main diagnostic groups according to clinical data: borderline personality disorder, affective disorder (unipolar) including schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia and 'others'. These patients were also characterized by the quantitative symptoms profile from K-SADS scale (Children's Version of the Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia) and by their behavior: aggression, suicide attempts and violent suicide attempts. In the schizophrenic group, a correlation was found between low Vmax values of SPU and aggressive behavior (p less than 0.05). In addition, in the 'other' group a correlation was found between low Vmax values of SPU and conduct disorder (p less than 0.05). On the other hand, in 'other' patients a correlation was found between low Km values of SPU and violent suicide attempt (p less than 0.05). It is noteworthy that the lowest (20-35%) Vmax values of SPU were found in the patients of the affective group as compared to values of the three other diagnostic groups. These findings are similar to those concerning unipolar depressive adults. It is assumed that there are less binding sites for serotonin on platelets of depressive adolescents than was suggested for depressive adults.
 ...
PMID:Serotonin uptake by platelets of suicidal and aggressive adolescent psychiatric inpatients. 281 95

The effect of long-term treatment with clozapine in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder was evaluated in a retrospective study comprising 96 patients treated with the drug during the period 1974-1986 at the Psychiatric Research Center in Uppsala. All patients had previously been treated with different kinds of antipsychotic drugs but with insufficient clinical effect or distressing extrapyramidal side effects. When clozapine treatment was initiated, the mean duration of the illness was 8 years and 9 months. In 36% of the patients clozapine treatment was discontinued, the main reasons being lack of efficacy, poor compliance or temporary withdrawal from the market in 1975. Clinical evaluation of the effect revealed that 85% of the patients could be discharged from the hospital within a year and that 43% of the patients were significantly and 38% moderately improved compared to previous treatments. Of those patients who were still on clozapine 2 years after the treatment was initiated, 39% had employment compared to only 3% before clozapine. In ten patients a transient decrement in white blood cells (WBC) was noted but normalized during ongoing treatment. One patient developed leukopenia and one agranulocytosis, none with fatal outcome. Common side effects were sedation, hypersalivation, weight gain and obstipation. In one patient clozapine treatment was stopped because of grand mal seizures. No extrapyramidal side effects were observed or reported during clozapine treatment. It is concluded that clozapine offers particular advantages for many "therapy-resistant" schizophrenic patients when compared to classical neuroleptics.
 ...
PMID:A retrospective study on the long-term efficacy of clozapine in 96 schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients during a 13-year period. 281 70

Seventy-seven patients with diagnosis of schizophrenia (62) or schizoaffective disorder (15) were studied 2-20 years since onset of illness, when in a stable condition. The investigation included clinical assessment, measurement of plasma concentrations of neuroleptics and prolactin, computed tomography brain scan, neuropsychological and neurological examination. Outcome of illness was classified according to the presence of chronic psychiatric symptoms and social impairment, and response to neuroleptics according to the effect of treatment in the most recent psychotic episode. Neither outcome nor response to neuroleptics was related to duration of illness. The groups with good and poor outcome differed in premorbid adjustment, age at onset and symptoms of the initial episode, but not in drug bio-availability or prolactin response. Large cerebral ventricles and cognitive impairment, but not neurological 'soft' signs, were associated with unfavourable outcome. The three measures of organicity were not inter-related. No clinical differences were found between chronic patients with and without signs of organic dysfunction. The findings suggest that schizophrenia with good and unfavourable outcome may be separate sub-types. However, the role of organic factors in the latter group remains unclear.
 ...
PMID:Schizophrenia with good and poor outcome. I: Early clinical features, response to neuroleptics and signs of organic dysfunction. 285 67

Recovery curves of the Hoffmann reflex (H reflex) were measured in both legs of 10 unmedicated inpatients with schizoaffective disorder, depressed type. Neither recovery curve height of the right leg nor that of the left leg was significantly correlated with clinical psychopathology, although a consistent negative relation was noted between recovery curve height of the left leg and psychopathology. Right-left differences in recovery curve height significantly correlated with both Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression ratings of psychopathology, such that relative elevation of the recovery curve of the right leg or relative lowering of the recovery curve of the left leg correlated with symptom severity. Three patients who later developed psychotic symptoms when treated with bupropion, a dopaminergic agent, had lower recovery curves, indicative of increased central dopaminergic activity. Relatively lower left-sided recovery curves may reflect increased dopaminergic activity on the right side of the brain in schizoaffective disorder, compared to the left in schizophrenia.
 ...
PMID:Variations in the Hoffmann reflex recovery curve related to clinical manifestations of schizoaffective disorder. 286 14

Treating acute psychosis by rapidly producing a neuroleptic state is safe and effective. Getting psychotic patients quickly out of the hospital, keeping them out, and enabling them to function maximally are the treatment goals. Many such patients respond to a trial of lithium therapy; responders are usually better able to work or attend school and to live independently, and they less often show the degree of personality deterioration present in classical schizophrenia. Patients with schizophrenic, schizoaffective disorder, or bipolar illness should receive trial lithium therapy. Responders to lithium treatment are found in all three diagnostic categories.
 ...
PMID:Acutely psychotic patients: a treatment approach. 286 62

Relapse rates averaging 41% in the first year after discharge among schizophrenic patients receiving maintenance neuroleptic treatment led to the development of two disorder-relevant treatments: a patient-centered behavioral treatment and a psychoeducational family treatment. Following hospital admission, 103 patients residing in high expressed emotion (EE) households who met Research Diagnostic Criteria for schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were randomly assigned to a two-year aftercare study of family treatment and medication, social skills training and medication, their combination, or a drug-treated condition. First-year relapse rates among those exposed to treatment demonstrate a main effect for family treatment (19%), a main effect for social skills training (20%), and an additive effect for the combined conditions (0%) relative to controls (41%). Effects are explained, in part, by the absence of relapse in any household that changed from high to low EE. Only the combination of treatment sustains a remission in households that remain high in EE. Continuing study, however, suggests a delay of relapse rather than prevention.
 ...
PMID:Family psychoeducation, social skills training, and maintenance chemotherapy in the aftercare treatment of schizophrenia. I. One-year effects of a controlled study on relapse and expressed emotion. 287 70


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>