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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During an uncontrolled trial 46 depressed patients (39 endogenous depressions, 5 schizoaffective psychoses and 2 paranoic schizophrenics with depressive syndromes) were treated for 43 days on the average with 3 X 100 mg 1-[3-(10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenz[b,f]-azepin-5-yl)-propyl]-4-piperidino-piperidine-4-carboxamide-dihydrochloride-monohydrate (carpipramine) daily. The clinical impression of the improvement and the results of the Hamilton-Scale for depressions (19 patients, 24 items) showed a clear antidepressive effect of carpipramine. During a double-blind trial 14 patients were treated with carpipramine and 16 with doxepine for 30 days. Most patients suffered from endogenous depressions with paranoic symptoms or from schizophrenia with depressive syndromes. Statistical analysis of the Hamilton-Scale for depressions and the AMP-System showed the antidepressive and antipsychotic effect of carpipramine. Analysis of covariance showed no significant difference between carpipramine and doxepine. Altogether we treated 60 depressive patients with carpipramine. 26 patients improved very well and 11 moderately, that means 37 patients out of 60 reacted positively to therapy with carpipramine. One endogenous depression and a schizoaffective psychosis changed into a manic phase. A provocation of schizophrenic symptoms was not noticed. Carpipramine was very well tolerated and can be classified as a non-sedative antidepressant with an antipsychotic effect.
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PMID:[Activity profile of carpipramine. Results of an open trial and a double-blind trial versus doxepin]. 1 52

The long-term course or natural history of schizophrenia is correlated with differing diagnostic criteria and commonly agreed upon prognostic variables. A review of 38 long-term followup studies of hospitalized schizophrenics reveals that unspecified or Kraepelinian-type schizophrenia has a much worse prognosis than atypical schizophrenia, schizoaffective psychosis, reactive psychosis, or other good premorbid types. Diagnoses based on longitudinal as well as cross-reactional data are more predictive of outcome than cross-sectionally based diagnoses. Drug and psychosocial treatment results must be evaluated in terms of prognostic variables, many of which are incorporated in some currently employed diagnostic criteria. There is no firm evidence that maintenance medication is indicated in some good prognosis patients. The paucity of long-range followups, the inadequacies of outcome assessments, and diagnostic disagreements limit our understanding of the effects of drug treatment, a treatment which is not without dangerous neurological side effects in many patients.
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PMID:Long-term prognosis and followup in schizophrenia. 3 8

Cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) from 35 patients with senile or presenile dementia and from 13 patients with schizophrenia and related syndromes were examined in cell cultures with the aim to isolate Herpesvirus hominis 1 (HVH 1) or other viruses. Serum and CSF antibodies to HVH 1 and/or interferon in the patients indicated a recent HVH 1 antigenic or viral activity. In the CSF of two senile demented patients and of one patient with schizoaffective psychosis, agents of low virulence, causing a cytopathic effect in 3 or 4, but not more, subsequent passages were detected and identified as HVH 1 by immunofluorescence. A focus of cells containing HVH 1 antigen at the cell membrane and in cytoplasm was visualized by immunofluorescence in an explant from nucleus amygdalae from 1 of 6 patients with schizophrenia and related syndromes examined. In the original biopsy materials, various virus-like structures were found in nuclei and cytoplasm of astrocytes and neurocytes and in axons in the neuropil.
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PMID:Latent herpesvirus hominis 1 in the central nervous system of psychotic patients. 4 36

1004 first degree relatives fo 150 schizoaffective patients (41 males, 109 females) were studied and a total morbidity risk of 29.6% of schizoaffective spectrum disorders were found. The relatives show an increased morbidity risk for schizophrenia (5.26%) and affective disorder (6.55%) with a high incidence of catatonia and unipolar depression; schizoaffective secondary cases were only found in 3%. There is no significant difference in morbidity between parents, siblings and children. The morbidity risk of neuroses is 5.3%, for personality disorders 7.2% and for suicides without spectrum diagnosis 1.8%. Off-spring of affected parents show a morbidity risk twice as high as that of off-spring of non-affected parents. The findings do not support the present concept of the ICD (International Classification of Disorders) of WHO, which subsumes schizoaffective disorders under the major rubric of schizophrenia. From a genetic viewpoint schizoaffective disorder takes an intermediate position between schizophrenia and affective disorders. None of the present hypotheses of the mode of inheritance is supported by the findings.
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PMID:Schizoaffective disorders. Results of a genetic investigation, I. 16 95

The coincidental occurrence of schizophrenia and rheumatoid arthritis is considered to be low in relation to the prevalence of the two diseases. In the present study, data from the patient statistics prepared by the Swedish Social Welfare Board were examined for the occurrence of rheumatic disease in schizophrenic patients. With the aid of the statistics and of questionnaires, 58 case-records were collected and studied. Very few cases were found of co-existing schizophrenia and inflammatory joint disease, rheumatoid arthritis in particular. There were, however, some cases of genuine schizophrenia and definite seropositive rheumatoid arthritis in the same patient. Rheumatoid arthritis is possibly uncommon also in combination with other psychiatric diseases that require hospital care. The ankylosing-spondylitis cases were over-represented in relation to the rheumatoid-arthritis cases included in the statistics from psychiatric care. Most of the 13 ankylosing-spondylitis patients whose case-records were studied had schizoaffective psychosis or atypical psychosis. The results of the investigation should be confirmed by epidemiological studies; this may contribute to the understanding of the aetiology of rheumatoid arthritis and of schizophrenia.
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PMID:Schizophrenia and rheumatic disease. A study on the concurrence of inflammatory joint diseases and a review of 58 case-records. 30 7

In a discussion of the article on genetic determinants of borderline conditions by Siever and Gunderson, a phenotypic continuum between pure schizotypal and pure affective conditions is postulated. Many "borderline" cases are seen as attenuated forms of schizophrenia, schizoaffective psychosis, or manic-depression. A Venn diagram illustrates differences among syndromes described by Gunderson, Kernberg, Spitzer, and Klein ("hysteroid dysphoria"). Evidence is presented suggesting that Gunderson's borderline syndrome contains more schizotypal individuals than Kernberg's, whereas hysteroid dysphoria is nearer the affective pole of the continuum. A second diagram illustrates how the strength and nature of the genetic factors vary according to the syndrome.
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PMID:Assessing vulnerability to schizophrenia or manic-depression in borderline states. 44 84

Schizoaffective disorder, traditionally classified under schizophrenia, recently tends to be subsumed under affective disorder. This article reports a study of 35 sib pairs, where each six was independently diagnosed as having schizophrenia (SC), affective disorder (AD), or schizoaffective disorder (SA). The observed numbers of same-diagnosis pairs (ADAD, SASA, SCSC) were compared with the numbers expected if the three disorders are genetically independent. The results showed a significant deficiency only in the observed number of SASA pairs, which suggests that schizophrenia and affective disorder are genetically distinct whereas schizoaffective disorder is not. To test whether schizoaffective disorder is a variant of affective disorder or schizophrenia, the observed number of ADSA and SASC pairs were compared against the expected numbers. No significant differences were found, which suggests that schizoaffective disorder is genetically heterogeneous, with at least two subtypes, one a variant of affective disorder, the other a variant of schizophrenia.
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PMID:'Schizoaffective disorder': dead or alive? 44 16

Eighty-five patients with both schizophrenic and affective features at the time of admission to the University of Iowa Psychiatric Hospital between 1934 and 1944 were selected for a 30- to 40-year outcome study. Comparison groups were 200 schizophrenic and 325 affective disorder patients, selected by the Feighner et at criteria, and 160 psychiatric symptom-free surgical patients. We assessed marital, residential, occupational, and psychiatric status to evaluate the outcome of these patients at the time of field follow-up. We used multivariate analysis of covariance to analyze the data by taking admission marital and occupational status into consideration. Patients with schizoaffective disorders had a significantly better outcome than those with schizophrenia, but a significantly poorer outcome than those with affective disorders and surgical conditions. Schizoaffective disorder fell somewhere in between the schizophrenia and mania group. Before final conclusions could be made about the nature of schizoaffective disorders, more research should be done.
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PMID:Long-term outcome of major psychoses. II. Schizoaffective disorder compared with schizophrenia, affective disorders, and a surgical control group. 49 49

A total of 107 patients with 2--10 attacks of schizoaffective psychosis were studied by a clinico-catamnestical method. The following 3 main variants of the disease are distinguished: cyclothymolike, typical schizoaffective and drawing near shift-like schizophrenia. Clinical types of remissions, typical for schizoaffective psychosis are described: hyperthymasthenic, asthenic, thymopathical and psychopathlike. In the late stages of the disease the duration of lucid periods in most of the cases is shortened while the quality of the remission is lower. At the same time of process-symptoms, which are mainly determined by affective pathology, and not personality abnormality, lead to a disadaptation of the patients.
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PMID:[Interepisode periods in schizoaffective psychoses]. 76 Mar 49

At time of discharge 33 patients with ICD-9 schizophrenia and 16 patients with ICD-9 schizoaffective psychosis were assessed by the Freiburg Personality Inventory (FPI). Psychological profiles were analyzed individually and compared to controls. In addition, a hierarchical cluster analysis was carried out. Psychopathological findings at time of discharge were documented by the AMDP system. Impact of psychopathology on response behavior in the FPI was not evident. There were but few schizophrenic or schizoaffective patients without any abnormal FPI score. For the schizophrenics abnormal (high and low) scores could especially be found on the scales "Nervousness", "Depressiveness" and "Masculinity", for the schizoaffective patients on the scales "Nervousness", "Depressiveness", "Excitability", "Extraversion" and "Neuroticism". With regard to personality both groups turned out to be heterogenous. The schizophrenics differed significantly from the controls by higher means on the scales "Nervousness" and "Depressiveness" and a lower mean on the scale "Masculinity". The schizoaffective patients differed significantly from the controls by higher means on the scales "Depressiveness" and "Inhibition". Hierarchical cluster analysis resulted in 3 clusters for the schizophrenics: 1. introverted-schizoid type (42%), 2. extraverted-aggressive type (36%), 3. normal type (22%), and 2 clusters for the schizoaffective patients: 1. emotional labile type (56%), 2 normal type (44%). Results are compared to literature.
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PMID:[Personality of schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients]. 128 32


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