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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

If it is desired to evaluate the products of artistic activity of subjects of endogenous psychosis, then new aspects arise from an attempt to find special forms of drawing and painting for special forms of endogenous psychosis instead of generally speaking of schizophrenia and manic-depressive disease. Some information has been obtained in this connection. Catatonic iterations can be seen to be reflected in pictures. Thought disorders in subjects of paraphrenia are often seen to be mirrored in products of artistic activity. The "disorder of speech" of subjects of cataphasia is sometimes reflected in a "disorder of the drawing or painting" produced. Expansive paraphrenia patients are fond of painting in order to give themselves airs. Happiness psychosis, because of the ecstatic emotions associated therewith, often involves a direct drive to do artistic work.
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PMID:[Art of patients with endogenous psychosis as an approach to differential diagnosis]. 72 32

Paranoid symptoms were found in 40% of patients admitted to a university general hospital psychiatric unit during a ten-month period. Fifty-eight percent of this group had frank paranoid delusions, while the rest had ideas of reference or generalized suspiciousness. Only one half of those who had paranoid delusions had paranoid schizophrenia. A significant number had affective disorders or organic brain disorder. Ideas of reference and suspiciousness were found in many patients who were not psychotic. The therapeutic implications of these findings are reported in three patients who were inadequately treated for affective disorders because the presence of paranoid symptomatology had led to an incorrect diagnosis of schizophrenia.
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PMID:Paranoid symptoms in patients on a general hospital psychiatric unit. Implications for diagnosis and treatment. 72 91

A slightly modified version of provisional research criteria for so-called 'schizo-affective and related psychosis', as recently published by the St. Louis Group, was used to investigate the case records of 116 Schneider-oriented first admissions of schizophrenics without first rank symptoms (Schneider-negative) who were hospitalized in a German center during the years 1962-1971. The sample contained 19.8% (23 cases) of research diagnosable schizo-affective illness as thus defined. 'Full' affective research criteria were satisfied by 13 of these schizo-affectives, and 10 were able to fulfill the 'adjusted' affective criteria assumed to be indicative of labile mixed mood states. The sample was then further analyzed in terms of 'schizophreniform' psychoses and 'atypical schizophrenia'. The findings seem to support the view that a non-negligible segment (23.3%) of Schneider-negative schizophrenia actually may represent either research diagnosable schizo-affective or affective disorders or satisfy criteria for both diagnoses.
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PMID:Schneider-negative schizophrenia and schizo-affective illness. 73 38

A clearly differentiated episode of depression in the aftermath of acute psychosis reportedly occurs in approximately 25 percent of all patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of acute schizophrenia. A comparison of premorbid functioning, symptomatology, and clinical course in patients with a postpsychotic depression following acute schizophrenic episodes and patients in the depressed phase of bipolar depressive illness suggests a high congruence between the two disorders. The results support the growing evidence that bipolar depressive illness is frequently misdiagnosed as acute schizophrenia.
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PMID:The diagnostic ambiguity of postpsychotic depression. 73 59

A diganosis commonly used in the Scandinavian countries, reactive psychosis, is described. Systematic personal follow-up studies from Scandinavia have clearly demonstrated that the clinical and social course is more favourable in this diagnostic group than in schizophrenia, while the course in schizophreniform psychoses in between. The Scandinavian concept of schizophreniform psychosis and of schizophrenia is presented and discussed.
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PMID:The Scandinavian concept of reactive psychosis, schizophreniform psychosis and schizophrenia. 74 Sep 18

Results of the 2-year followup of the patients included in the International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia (World Health Organization 1973) indicate that patients diagnosed schizophrenic on the basis of standardized assessments and clearly specified criteria demonstrated very marked variations of course and outcome over a 2-year period. Schizophrenic patients in the centers in developing countries had, on the average, considerably better course and outcome than schizophrenic patients in the centers in developed countries. Part of the variation of course and outcome was related to sociodemographic (e.g., social isolation and marital status) and clinical (e.g., type of onset and precipitating factors) predictors, but another larger part remained statistically unexplained. This suggests that variables usually used to describe psychopathology, the environment, and history of psychiatric patients in European and North American cultures may not account for cross-cultural differences. Clinical diagnosis on initial evaluation appeared to be a good predictor of subsequent symptomatology, but not of the length of the episodes, the total time during which the patient would be psychotic, pattern of course, or the degree of social impairment. A 5-year followup of the IPSS patients has also been completed, and the collected data are being analyzed.
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PMID:Cross-cultural differences in the short-term prognosis of schizophrenic psychoses. 74 59

Some of the difficulties of trying to establish an animal model of schizophrenia are first considered. Then, after a review of the evidence on the experimental psychopathology of schizophrenia, particularly that concerned with attention and arousal, it is concluded that the core feature which needs to be modeled in animals is some aspect of "input dysfunction." It is argued that, of the pharmacological strategies, LSD-25 comes nearest to meeting that requirement, for two reasons. First, the phenomenology of an LSD "model psychosis" closely parallels that of the natural disease. Secondly, the experimental effects of the drug, both in animals and man, are very similar to or can be closely aligned theoretically with those of schizophrenia. An example is quoted from work in the author's laboratory where LSD was found to produce psychophysiological effects virtually identical to those observed occurring naturally in acute psychotic patients and in normal subjects high in "psychotic" personality traits. It is suggested that the rejection of LSD as a drug model was premature, especially as the currently popular preference for amphetamine has not been vindicated, either by the latter's ability to mimic an important central feature of the psychotic state or by work on dopamine as a specific common mediator of amphetamine psychosis and of schizophrenia.
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PMID:Animal models of schizophrenia: the case for LSD-25. 74 71

Twenty-three cases of adolescent atypical psychosis were reported, of which 12 were followed for more than three years (at the longest about 18 years). Our cases indicated apparent atypicalness in regard to the symptomatology and to the course, quite different from cyclothymic psychosis and schizophrenia. In an etiological point of view, hereditary predispositions were more frequently recognized in our cases than in schizophrenic cases, but because schizophrenics were found in the families of these patients, it was difficult for us to determine whether our cases belonged to an etiologically independent endogenous psychosis. However, we received the impression that atypical psychosis could be differentiated from others even in adolescents. But this psychosis was seldom found in childhood. While, through the comparison of these patients with adult cases and by considering previous research, we were led to the assumption that adolescent atypical psychosis might be understood as a minor pattern of the fully-developed psychosis in adults but was provided with many properties specific to adolescense.
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PMID:On so-called atypical psychosis in early and mid-adolescence. 75 Mar 42

The term "schizophrenic inhibition" can be related to different phenomenons. On one hand, there are symptoms of inhibition dealing with ideal, affects and motor behavior that are better described in terms of dissociation than simple deficiency. On the other hand, all along the evolution of the psychosis, we can see the onset of depressive syndroms where inhibition seems to be related to different mechanisms. Finally, the existence of deficit evolutions allows us to talk about the notion of deterioration which plays a major role in the history of the concept of schizophrenia.
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PMID:[Schizophrenic inhibition]. 75 8

Of 19 adolescents with diagnosed psychogenic seizures, 13 had hysterical convulsions and 4 had amnesiac fugues. Sixteen of the patients were given a diagnosis of hysterical neurosis; 2, process schizophrenia; and 1, borderline psychosis. Thirteen of the patients were initially diagnosed incorrectly as having epilepsy and were treated for an average of 15 months with anticonvulsant medication. The therapist should always consider the possibility of psychogenic factors in children and adolescents who suffer from seizures.
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PMID:Pseudoepilepsy: a study in adolescent hysteria. 76 May 52


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