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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Through the 'classical' psychopathological symptoms only, one sometimes cannot clearly differentiate between an endogenous and an exogenous psychosis. But through the identification of word field disturbances and sentence field disturbances, which are characteristic schizophrenic symptoms, one can put the diagnosis of schizophrenia in such cases. This diagnosis can be stated through the course of the illness and its therapy.
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PMID:[Word field disturbances and sentence field disturbances as differential diagnosis criteria between endogenous and exogenous paranoid-hallucination syndrome]. 26 96

Inpatient admissions to all psychiatric hospital beds in England and Wales in 1970-73 were studied by month of admission for eight diagnostic groups. The admission rates for schizophrenia showed a pronounced seasonal variation, with a maximum in summer. The seasonal pattern for schizophrenia was very similar to the one shown for mania, although somewhat less marked. The admission rates for neurosis and for the large group of 'all other non-psychotic mental illness' showed little evidence of seasonal variation as there was could largely be explained by social factors. In schizophrenic and manic patients, the pattern of seasonal admissions (peak months July and August) is similar to the pattern reported for their births (peak months February and March). This is consistent with the hypothesis of an abnormal seasonal pattern of parental conception as the cause of the abnormal birth pattern.
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PMID:Seasonal variation in admissions of psychiatric patients and its relation to seasonal variation in their births. 26 89

The excretion of the hallucinogen dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and its precursor N-methyltryptamine (NMT) was studied among 74 recently admitted psychiatric patients and 19 normal persons. Both compounds were detected in 24-hour urine samples from all subjects. Dimethyltryptamine excretion was greatest in schizophrenia, mania, and "other psychosis" and tended to decline as clinical state improved. Psychotic depressives excreted smaller amounts of DMT more akin to those excreted by neurotic and normal subjects. Urinary NMT excretion was unrelated to psychiatric diagnosis. Ratings on the Present State Examination (PSE) also indicated that increased excretion of DMT was associated with psychotic rather than neurotic psychopathology. Forty-three percent of the variance in urinary DMT levels could be explained in terms of six of the 38 PSE syndromes. Syndromes suggesting elation, perceptual abnormalities, and difficulty in thinking and communicating were most correlated with raised urinary DMT excretion.
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PMID:Increased excretion of dimethyltryptamine and certain features of psychosis: a possible association. 28 76

A pilot study, a sensorimotor treatment program, was conducted that involved five subjects. The subjects ranged in age from 23 to 49 and all carried a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Length of hospitalization ranged from 3 years to 30 years with only brief interruptions. Patients were evaluated before treatment, after six weeks of treatment, and six weeks after termination of treatment. Evaluation procedures used were: DRAW-A-PERSON Test; NOSIE; Posture Evaluation; and the Step Test. Results showed a decrease in overt psychotic behavior that did not last after sensorimotor treatment was discontinued; improved posture and gait in most patients; and improved body concept. There were no significant changes in pulse, blood pressure, or respiration rates.
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PMID:Sensorimotor treatment of chronic schizophrenics. 30 71

The coincidental occurrence of schizophrenia and rheumatoid arthritis is considered to be low in relation to the prevalence of the two diseases. In the present study, data from the patient statistics prepared by the Swedish Social Welfare Board were examined for the occurrence of rheumatic disease in schizophrenic patients. With the aid of the statistics and of questionnaires, 58 case-records were collected and studied. Very few cases were found of co-existing schizophrenia and inflammatory joint disease, rheumatoid arthritis in particular. There were, however, some cases of genuine schizophrenia and definite seropositive rheumatoid arthritis in the same patient. Rheumatoid arthritis is possibly uncommon also in combination with other psychiatric diseases that require hospital care. The ankylosing-spondylitis cases were over-represented in relation to the rheumatoid-arthritis cases included in the statistics from psychiatric care. Most of the 13 ankylosing-spondylitis patients whose case-records were studied had schizoaffective psychosis or atypical psychosis. The results of the investigation should be confirmed by epidemiological studies; this may contribute to the understanding of the aetiology of rheumatoid arthritis and of schizophrenia.
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PMID:Schizophrenia and rheumatic disease. A study on the concurrence of inflammatory joint diseases and a review of 58 case-records. 30 7

The major psychoses have been investigated for genetic and environmental etiological factors for over two centuries. Recent emphasis has been placed on a genetic (diathesis) environmental stress model. For schizophrenia, manic-depressive, and schizo-affective psychoses, research evidence from psycho-biological studies, family, pedigree, twin, and adoptee studies has provided sufficient data from diagnostic and follow-up studies and new psychopharmacological research that for these three major psychoses a strong necessary but not sufficient basis for genetic causation exists. This review attempts to summarize existing data into a hypothesis that suggests that two separate gene pools of polygenic nature relate to the development of schizophrenia and manic-depressive illness and that schizo-affective illness may result from genetic transmission from each of these separate gene pools. The hypothetical model for each psychosis proposes that polygenetic inheritance affects different central nervous system neuroanatomical sites in the human which are in homeostasis as to catecholamine neurotransmitter regulation of the psyche. With sufficient environmental stress, an "imbalance" occurs in the neural integrative systems which produces phenotypically the three separate psychotic behavioral syndromes of schizophrenia, manic-depressive psychosis, and schizo-affective psychosis.
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PMID:Genetic and other factors in schizophrenic, manic-depressive, and schizo-affective psychoses. 32 Feb 88

The effects of apomorphine on psychotic symptoms were evaluated in chronic schizophrenic patients using double-blind placebo controlled procedures. Although on the basis of dopamine theory of schizophrenia, apomorphine was expected to increase schizophrenic symptoms, in this study apomorphine substantially reduced psychotic symptoms in some chronic schizophrenic patients. No patient showed the substantial increase in psychotic symptoms previously demonstrated after the administration of IV methylphenidate. These clinical effects of apomorphine in schizophrenia may be relevant to recent pharmacological research which has indicated that apomorphine also has potent effect on presynaptic dopamine neurons, in addition to its previously described postsynaptic receptor stimulation.
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PMID:Effect of apomorphine on schizophrenic symptoms. 32 23

21 schizophrenic patients were treated in a single blind study with para-chlorphenyl-GABA (baclofen) for 20 days after a placebo period of at least 1 week. Global clinical impression identified five patients as behaviorally unchanged, seven as improved and nine as worsened during the active drug administration. Four patients had to be withdrawn from the trial because of serious and unmanageable psychotic exacerbations. Overall incidence of psychotic symptoms in the group of the schizophrenic patients did not change substantially neither did the remission coefficient as calculated from the AMP documentation system. No differential effect was detected either on selected Schneiderian first rank symptoms or on symptoms more characteristic for chronic defectuous schizophrenia. It is concluded that baclofen is not a useful drug in the therapy of schizophrenia.
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PMID:Baclofen (para-chlorphenyl-GABA) in schizophrenia. 32 92

"Borderline" has been used to designate conditions intermediate between psychosis and neurosis, analyzability and nonanalyzability; also, for dilute or questionable schizophrenia. Contemporary usage inclines toward patients with manic-depressive heredity, although borderlines are still etiologically heterogeneous. Various subtypes are outlined, each responsive to a particular method of psychotherapy or pharmacotherapy. If drug-abuse or antisocial tendencies are absent, prognosis is ofter favorable.
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PMID:The borderline syndrome: evolution of the term, genetic aspects, and prognosis. 33 70

The present report deals with a double-blind study comparing the new butyrophenone derivative, bromperidol, with haloperidol as the reference substance. Both substances were found to be highly effective in the treatment of psychotic syndromes belonging predominantly to the schizophrenia group. Certain clues, including the onset of action, seem to be indicative of the superiority of bromperidol. No differences between the two substances were observed with respect to side effects and general tolerability.
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PMID:Double-blind study with two butyrophenone derivatives: bromperidol vs. haloperidol. 33 88


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