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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A total of 437 acute psychiatric inpatients were investigated with the help of a questionnaire containing DSM-III diagnostic criteria for schizotypal as well as for borderline personality disorder and criteria of the Flexible System for the diagnosis of schizophrenia. All patients were also independently diagnosed according to the ICD-9. The clinical ICD-9 diagnoses were compared with the diagnoses given on the basis of the three operational criteria sets mentioned. Patients fulfilling the operational criteria for schizotypal personality disorder were clinically diagnosed as mostly schizophrenic, and there was also a considerable overlap between the two groups of patients, those fulfilling the operational criteria for schizotypal personality disorder and those fulfilling the criteria of the Flexible System for the diagnosis of schizophrenia. Schizotypal personality disorder does not seem to be a clinical entity in the sense of a traditional personality disorder. The majority of patients diagnosed as borderline personality disorder received a clinical diagnosis of a personality disorder. The DSM-III criteria of borderline personality disorder discriminated satisfactorily against schizophrenia as diagnosed by the Flexible System and as diagnosed according to ICD-9. On the other hand, there was no relationship between the borderline personality disorder diagnosis and any single of the ICD-9 personality disorder types. The patients fulfilling the criteria of the borderline personality disorder were equally distributed across all ICD-9 personality disorder types. They were also significantly younger than both the non-borderline and the ICD-9 personality disorder patients. The relationship between borderline personality disorder criteria and age might thus be of a greater relevance than the relationship between these criteria and a clinical type.
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PMID:Diagnosing borderline. A contribution to the question of its conceptual validity. 665

A feasibility study is presented which describes a cohort of 102 chronic psychiatric patients. The cases were selected on the criterion of four or more new admissions to psychiatric services in the Hamilton-Wentworth region during the year 1977. The group was predominately in the age 20-39 year range and both sexes were represented about equally. The diagnostic labels were personality disorder, schizophrenia, depression and alcoholism in descending order of frequency. The large majority were socially isolated and had contact with social agencies and the police. Seven deaths occurred in the cohort during the year of study.
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PMID:Chronic psychiatric patients in the community. 666 12

This study examined whether the family history method can be used to detect cases of schizophrenia-related personality disorder in the families of schizophrenic patients. After proposing specific family history criteria for this diagnosis, the authors applied these criteria in a blind family history study and found that schizophrenia-related personality disorders were significantly more common in the first-degree relatives of schizophrenic patients than in the relatives of medically ill controls.
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PMID:A family history study of schizophrenia-related personality disorders. 670 11

Hospital treatment staff are constantly faced with the problem of psychiatric patients who discharge themselves against medical advice before their treatment is completed. A total of 50 patients who signed themselves out of the 9th floor service of the Clarke Institute of Psychiatry, over a two year period, were analyzed. When compared with a random sample of patients who remained for the duration of their treatment, the authors found the AMA patients to have the following characteristics: The patient is likely to be a young male, admitted as an emergency, remain in hospital for three days or less and have a diagnosis of personality disorder or schizophrenia. The authors conclude with a number of recommendations to assist in dealing with the problem.
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PMID:Psychiatric patients who discharge themselves against medical advice. 685 May 3

All hospital records, interviews, and notes are reviewed on a group of 52 chronic hebephrenic/catatonic schizophrenics who were institutionalized before the era of antipsychotic medications. The authors catalog the presence or absence of individual symptoms of schizophrenia on a year by year basis over a span of 25 years and present this data in a series of bar graphs. Symptoms such as avolition, impaired social interaction, and flat affect become more frequent over the 25 years of follow-up. Hallucinations and delusions become less frequent. Eighteen of the patients are noted to have had a DSM-III personality disorder premorbidly and eight of these are characterized as schizoid personality disorder. Level of insight is found to be poor at the onset of schizophrenia and deteriorates further over the next 5 years. Although the study design contains a sampling bias in favor of chronically institutionalized cases, several lines of evidence suggest that the trends reported here are not artifacts of institutionalization but are due to schizophrenia.
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PMID:The micropsychopathology of hebephrenic/catatonic schizophrenia. 685 92

A general survey of the borderline literature is presented. The diagnostic label "borderline" has predominantly been used in North America; nevertheless, many roots of this conception originate in the classical European psychiatry and psychoanalysis. The various diagnostic (mainly descriptive) criteria and characteristics of the borderline are discussed, as well as the most important psychoanalytic hypotheses and conceptions (such as splitting, projective identification, identity diffusion). The therapeutic principles are mentioned as well. The analysis of the surveyed literature reveals on the one hand, that a well defined borderline exists neither as a generally acknowledged clinical entity nor as a circumscribed psychopathological syndrome. On the other hand, there are three various borderline concepts clearly discernible: 1) borderline conceptualized as a form of schizophrenia, 2) borderline conceptualized as synonymous with the general category of psychopathy (personality disorder) and 3) borderline conceptualized as a special form of psychopathy.
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PMID:[Concerning the borderline (author's transl)]. 689 11

Two experiments evaluated the effects of the condition of mental retardation on psychologists' impressions of emotional problems of a retarded subject. In Experiment 1 we found that the same debilitating phobia was less likely to be considered an example of a neurosis or an emotional disturbance when the subject also was suggested to be mentally retarded as compared to intellectually average. Experiment 2 provided a conceptual replication of the results of Experiment 1 and extended findings of diagnostic overshadowing to cases involving schizophrenia and personality disorder. The magnitude of these effects did not differ significantly as a function of whether the case description suggested schizophrenia or personality disorder. The results validate the existence of a diagnostic overshadowing phenomenon.
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PMID:Emotional disturbance and mental retardation: diagnostic overshadowing. 710 29

Suicide occurred in 48 of 12,500 adult private psychiatric patients, representing 40,100 years of follow-up. Suicide rates (per 100,000 patients per year), computed from the diagnostic profile of all patients in the practice, were especially high for schizophrenia (411) and bipolar affective disorder (318). The rate of unipolar depression (42) was only slightly higher than that for the general population of San Diego County as computed from coroner's office data. Personality disorder, alcoholism, multiple diagnoses, and psychosis all were associated with increased risk of suicide. Coroner's office reports probably do not accurately reflect suicide risk in treated psychiatric patients.
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PMID:Suicide in a psychiatric practice population. 711 42

The rates of admissions in 1976-78 to all hospitals in Western Australia, both psychiatric and non-psychiatric, of patients with a primary psychiatric diagnosis were analysed specifically for country of birth and whether they lived in Perth or in country areas. Eastern European migrants had the highest hospitalization rates, and Southern European migrants the lowest. Rates for schizophrenia were high in the Eastern Europeans, and for alcoholism low in Southern European and Asian females and high in Northern European males. The United Kingdom migrants were most like the Australian born in regards to admission rates, diagnostic composition, and in the distribution of hospitalization patterns between psychiatrists and non-psychiatrists. Women, especially Southern European, in the country areas are at special risk to be admitted for neurosis/personality disorder.
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PMID:Relationship between country of birth and psychiatric admissions in Western Australia. 714 84

A comparison was made of the types of mental disorders occurring in the first-degree relatives of 83 female patients with DSM-III borderline personality disorder, 100 female patients with DSM-III schizophrenia, and 100 female patients with DSM-III bipolar disorder. Diagnosis of the relatives was made independently by two clinicians who were blind to the diagnosis of the probands. The relative of a borderline patient was about ten times more likely to have been treated for a borderline or borderlinelike personality disorder than was the relative of a schizophrenic or bipolar patient. The borderline patients' relatives were also treated for more unipolar depression than the schizophrenics' relatives. However, the relatives of the borderline patients did not have a higher morbid risk for treated mania or schizophrenia than that usually reported for the population at large.
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PMID:Familial transmission of DSM-III borderline personality disorder. 716 79


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