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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors studied sixteen men who committed matricide. Fifteen out of sixteen cases had a diagnosis of schizophrenia and the remaining patient had a diagnosis of schizophrenia with personality disorder. All were single at the time of the matricide. Data indicate an intense conflict-laden and ambivalent relationship between the majority of patients with their mothers. Thirteen out of sixteen cases described their mothers as quite domineering and demanding but the EMBU inventory revealed that the Matricidal group differed from the Control group in how tolerant they saw their parents. The sample as a whole saw mothers were more over-involved, overprotective, tolerant, affectionate, stimulating, performance-orientated and shaming. The matricidal group differed from the control group in the way they viewed the difference between mother and father on various scales, like over-involved, tolerant, affectionate and performance-orientated. The matricidal groups' mothers were found to be more over-involved, tolerant, affectionate, and fathers more abusive. Mothers in the control group were more performance-orientated.
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PMID:Who commits matricide? 151 19

Personality disorders related to schizophrenia were described since Kraepelin's works. According to the DMS III-R those disorders are gathered into the A cluster of personality disorders consisting in: schizotypal, schizoid and paranoid personality disorders. Schizotypal and paranoid personalities are biologically linked to schizophrenia and support the concept of "schizophrenia spectrum". Until now such a link is not found between schizoid personality and schizophrenia. Future research in the field of those personality disorders will bring a better knowledge in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
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PMID:[Personality disorders related to schizophrenia]. 167 Apr 8

A follow-up was made of ninety patients with a diagnosed psychogenic reaction (adjustment disorder) fourteen years after the index hospitalisation. Contrary to expectation, at the follow-up only half of the patients showed no symptoms of the illness. Approximately a quarter of the patients suffered from a more serious illness (drug dependence, schizophrenia or organic mental disorder) than the index diagnosis. The other quarter showed symptoms of a psychogenic disorder (neurotic disorder, personality disorder, adjustment disorder). A number of factors which describe the course of the illness leading to the index hospitalisation permit a prediction of the outcome of the disease.
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PMID:[Psychogenic reaction: course and prognostic factors]. 171 53

Heart transplant programs were surveyed regarding psychosocial evaluation process, criteria, and outcomes. There was considerable disagreement among programs when a patient is rejected on psychosocial grounds with regard to the use of second opinions and how often patients are informed of the reasons. Wide discrepancies in criteria used and rates of patients refused on psychosocial grounds were discovered. More than 70% of all programs excluded patients for transplantation on the grounds of dementia, active schizophrenia, current suicidal ideation, history of multiple suicide attempts, severe mental retardation, current heavy alcohol use, and current use of addictive drugs. Lack of consensus was found for some exclusion criteria (cigarette smoking, obesity, noncompliance, recent alcohol or drug abuse, criminality, personality disorder, mild mental retardation, controlled schizophrenia, and affective disorder). The proportion of patients rejected for transplantation on psychosocial grounds ranged from 0% to 37%, with an average rate of 5.6% in the United States and 2.5% in non-U.S. programs. This survey thus supports the need for research on the validity and reliability of psychosocial selection criteria.
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PMID:Psychosocial evaluation of heart transplant candidates: an international survey of process, criteria, and outcomes. 175 61

The expression of schizotypal personality traits was assessed in mid-adolescence and again in young adulthood for three groups of offspring defined by the psychiatric diagnosis of their parents. Parental diagnoses included schizophrenic disorder (47 offspring), affective disorder (39 offspring), and 'no psychiatric disorder', or normal controls (82 offspring). Initially, schizotypal traits were assessed from video-taped semi-structured psychiatric interviews, subsequently rated by trained psychiatrists blind to the parental psychiatric status of the subjects, and/or direct clinical interviews (Schedule for Affective Disorders-Lifetime Version (SADS-L)). The second assessment was conducted by trained social workers and psychologists by means of a semi-structured interview specifically for DSM-III-R personality disorders (Personality Disorder Examination) and sections of the SDS-L where indicated. These interviewers were blind to the parental status and to previous psychiatric assessments of the offspring. The rates of stability of features or the rates of progression to axis I psychotic disorders (Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder, and Unspecified Functional Psychosis) were evaluated. Concordance of assessments over time is reported as a function of threshold for expression of traits at initial evaluation, i.e., two or more, three or more, or four or more features present. Concordance increases as the threshold for expression increases, as expected. The effect of comorbid clinical status, e.g., the coexistence of schizotypal traits and anxiety and/or depressive features on the concordance pattern, is also examined by parental diagnostic group status. The offspring of affective disorder parents exhibited higher rates of anxiety and/or depressive features at both points in time, exhibited higher concordance for anxiety and/or depressive features, and exhibited higher rates of 'transformation' of initial schizotypal features to anxiety and/or depressive features at the second assessment.
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PMID:The assessment of schizotypal features over two points in time. 178 36

On April 1, 1976 the Danish State handed over the responsibility for treatment of psychiatric patients to the counties. None of the state hospitals were situated in the county of Vejle. The changes of the admission pattern of the inhabitants of Vejle county aged 15+ years during the years from 1973 to 1987 are described. The annual bed occupancy per 1,000 inhabitants decreased markedly during the period (from 829 in 1973 til 366 in 1986) while the admission rates were relatively stable. Vejle county has successfully reduced the number of admissions to mental hospitals in other counties, but was, however, still not self-sufficient in 1987. The decrease in bed occupancy was significant in the groups of schizophrenia, manic-depressive psychosis, organic states, neurosis, alcohol and drug addiction, while in the group of other psychoses and other conditions the decrease was not significant. In the group of personality disorder the bed occupancy increased, but not significantly.
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PMID:[From psychiatric hospitals to local municipal departments. The county of Vejle 1973-1987]. 189 47

In spite of its frequent use the diagnostic label "borderline disorder" is still not conceptualized in a unified way. The contemporary borderline concepts are presented and discussed, especially borderline disorder as a form of schizophrenia, borderline disorder as a special type of personality disorder in the sense of the DSM-III, borderline disorder in the sense of an encompassing borderline personality organization, and borderline disorder as a form of an affective disorder. Using this concept, it is always necessary to specify its precise meaning.
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PMID:[Nosological concepts of borderline disorders]. 200 52

This study investigated assumptions made by DSM-III and DSM-III-R regarding Axis I-Axis II associations and sex differences for the 11 personality disorders (PD). A total of 112 patients formed 4 Axis I diagnostic groups: recent-onset schizophrenia (n = 35); recent-onset mania (n = 26); unipolar affective disorder (n = 30); and a mixed diagnostic group (n = 21). The prevalence of PD was determined using the Structured Interview for DSM-III Personality Disorders (SIDP). Schizophrenia was associated with antisocial PD and schizotypal PD; manic disorder was associated with histrionic PD; and unipolar affective disorder was associated with borderline, dependent and avoidant PD. Some of these results were consistent with DSM-III/DSM-III-R postulates. However, there was little support for the DSM-III/DSM-III-R statements on sex differences in the prevalence of PD, except for antisocial PD. The implications of the results for DSM-III/DSM-III-R assumptions are discussed.
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PMID:Diagnosing personality disorders in psychiatric inpatients. 203 65

Short-term psychiatric hospitalization, developed during the past 2 decades, needs thorough evaluation with regard to its advantages. It is important to be able to identify those patients who might be aided by such treatment. Therefore the psychiatric emergency room physician should have at hand a model which would enable quick and relatively accurate decisions in identifying such patients. Our work shows that they are either without previous psychiatric history or had been admitted for less than 2 months; that they had suffered from depression, anxiety, personality disorder or addiction; that they had a substantial support system; and that when they had been treated, there had been good compliance with prescribed medication. On the other hand, those who probably would not benefit from short-term psychiatric hospitalization had a history of psychiatric hospitalization of usually more than 2 months; were diagnosed as suffering from schizophrenia or affective disorder; lacked substantial family support; and had poor compliance with medication. This data may aid the physician during the initial interview in the psychiatric emergency room in deciding on further treatment. We also found that psychiatric emergency room diagnoses are usually reliable; and that those whose only diagnosis was "for observation" had a fair chance of a successful result after short-term hospitalization (discharge directly from the emergency room unit). We therefore presume that a sharper characterization of patients referred to the psychiatric emergency room may aid in tailoring the most suitable treatment for any particular patient, thus reserving short-term hospitalization only for those who would benefit the most.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Short-term psychiatric hospitalization in an emergency room unit]. 203 38

Studies describing the profile of juveniles charged or guilty of homicide have been inconsistent in their findings. For instance, Sendi and Blomgren found that 60 per cent of their adolescent murderers sample suffered from schizophrenia, while Cornell, Benedek, and Benedek identified only 6.9 per cent of psychotic subjects among the homicide group. Important gaps can also be noticed among studies describing the prevalence of personality disorders among homicidal adolescents. Rosner, Wiederlight, Horner-Rosner, and Wieczorek indicate that 50 per cent of the population they studied were diagnosed as having a personality disorder, while Fiddes found no more than 5 per cent of such cases.
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PMID:Juvenile homicide: a case control study. 212 66


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