Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The potential importance of vasospasm, with or without consequent thrombosis, as a mechanism in general disease is discussed and the evidence examined in one organ, namely the brain. It is concluded that vasospasm might be important in a number of neurological disorders, including migraine, epilepsy, and even some of the schizophrenia-like illnesses. Repeated ischaemic cell damage from vasospasm is also discussed as a possible factor initiating autoimmune disease and cancer. The similarities between viral transformation and neoplasia have led to the proposition that much cancer might be explained if as a species we have evolved by the gradual build-up of viruses.
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PMID:Stress and disease: the missing link. A vasospastic theory. III. Stress, vasospasm and general disease. 38 56

To characterize siucidal behavior among hospitalized medical and surgical patients, all suicide attempts in the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital were surveyed for seven years. Seventeen attempts occurred, non of them fatal. Only four patients were seriously ill, two with neoplasia. All the attempts were impulsive and were associated with stress and disturbances of impulse control. Anger, not depression, was the effect most often seen before the attempts. In all cases the precipitating stress was loss of emotional support. However, patient vulnerability to suicide seemed to be the key determinant. Fifteen patients had mental disorders, including eight with personality disorders, three with schizophrenia, three with organic brain syndromes, and one with manic depressive psychosis. Seven were psychotic, and six had made prior suicide attempts. These findings suggest that the characteristics of impulsive suicide should be considered when a suicide prevention program is being developed for a general hospital.
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PMID:Suicide attempts by hospitalized medical and surgical patients. 124 68

A 19-year-old female was admitted to hospital due to a schizophrenia-like psychosis of the paranoid type including delusions and various hallucinations. Neurologically she only showed tics of the eyebrows with increased eye blinking. 30 months before an astrocytoma located on the left basal temporal lobe had been resected after the patient suffered from several psychomotor and two grand mal seizures. Following post-operative anticonvulsant therapy seizures had completely disappeared and the patient had been free of symptoms of any kind. After the acute onset of the psychosis another follow-up MRI of the brain using coronary sections revealed a small relapse-tumor. Symptoms disappeared after high-dose neuroleptic therapy. Finally another surgical intervention led to a lasting remission of the psychotic symptomatology (so far 18 months). Postoperatively neuroleptics could be discontinued. Clinical picture and MRI findings will be discussed with a focus on possible etiological factors in schizophrenia.
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PMID:[Remission of schizophreniform psychosis after brain tumor surgery]. 141 83

In many neuropsychiatric disorders, PET imaging offers functional insights unavailable from anatomic imaging alone. Functional deficits may be more extensive than structural findings would indicate, may occur before the detection of anatomic changes, or may even occur in the absence of any structural lesions. We contrast the current role of PET with that of MRI and CT in the investigation of neuropsychiatric disorders including stroke, tumor, head trauma, epilepsy, schizophrenia, movement disorders, normal aging and dementia.
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PMID:Positron emission tomography in the investigation of neuropsychiatric disorders: update and comparison with magnetic resonance imaging and computerized tomography. 174 81

The authors describe an autopsy case of glioblastoma occurred after 38 years received lobotomy. The patient was a 72 year-old male, who received lobotomy at 34 year old against schizophrenia. CT scan taken at 72 year old showed irregular low density areas without mass effect in the bilateral frontal white matter adjacent to the anterior horn. After 4 months, the signs of intracranial hypertension were observed and his consciousness was disturbed abruptly. CT scan revealed ring enhancement with marked mass effect in the left frontal lobe. A biopsy specimen from the tumor showed a picture of anaplastic astrocytoma. Family rejected the remission maintenance treatment. The patient died 3 months later the onset. At autopsy, a large tumor occupied in the left frontal lobe was recognized. The tumor demarcated poorly from the cerebral tissue and invaded into the left anterior cingulate gyrus and the corpus callosum. Histologically, tumor cells composed of fibrillary, gemistocytic and multinucleated astrocytes. GFAP, NSE and vimentin were found in large cells. Histological diagnosis was glioblastoma. It was suggested that the tumor occurred from the region around a cyst of prefrontal lobotomy in the left frontal lobe. In the right frontal lobe, a large cyst in size of 30-18 mm was present in the centrum semiovale. The wall of cyst was composed of layer of glial scar tissue. The origin of the cyst was discussed.
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PMID:[An autopsy case of glioblastoma occurred in the region after lobotomy]. 207 52

Positron emission tomography (PET) is emerging as a very useful clinical tool and is adding a great deal to our understanding of the pathophysiology of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Although computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have had a dramatic impact on patient management, there is often an important associated function abnormality which is best assessed by PET. In normal aging and in dementia, the CT and MRI brain changes of atrophy and white matter abnormalities are frequently nonspecific. PET has been more diagnostic, showing characteristic regional metabolic abnormalities. Evaluation of brain tumors such as astrocytomas with PET has demonstrated better correlation with histologic grade compared to CT. Unlike CT or MRI, PET can help to distinguish radiation necrosis from recurrent tumor, and can differentiate the extent of metabolically active tumor from surrounding edema. PET is useful in evaluating stroke patients, providing better prognostic information and demonstrating abnormalities sooner than CT. In epilepsy, PET appears to be superior to MRI in localizing seizure foci in patients with partial seizures. In head trauma patients, metabolic patterns are being described which will likely have an effect on patient management. The use of PET in schizophrenia has yielded very interesting results, with common patterns of metabolic abnormalities being demonstrated. CT and MRI in these patients have not been very useful. PET has also shown promise in movement disorders such as Huntington's disease. It is now clear that PET is already clinically useful and can provide valuable information unobtainable by CT and MRI. As new radioligands are developed, PET is certain to assume an even more important role in the future.
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PMID:PET, CT, and MRI in the evaluation of neuropsychiatric disorders: current applications. 267 65

The clinical pictures of a left temporal lobe astrocytoma involving the hippocampal region showed a period of 27 years from ages 12 to 38 by epileptic seizures and a period of 9 years from 14 to 22 by schizophrenia-like symptoms and the following aggressive behavior during 16 years from ages 23 to 38. After a resection of the temporal lobe tumor sparing the hippocampus, transient delusions and aggressive behavior were observed. It might be considered that the hippocampus has the most suspectable relationship with the schizophrenia-like symptoms.
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PMID:A case of temporal lobe astrocytoma associated with epileptic seizures and schizophrenia-like psychosis. 273 75

Psychiatric symptoms may be the only clue to the presence of a brain tumor. Careful physical, neurologic and psychiatric examinations will reveal the diagnosis. Affective and schizophrenia-like psychoses are related to dysfunctions of the right and left hemispheres, respectively. Lesions of the temporal lobes commonly cause depression. Psychotropic medications may improve symptoms in the presence of tumor. There is no clinical method of localizing or excluding a brain tumor by its psychiatric manifestations.
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PMID:Psychiatric symptoms and brain tumor. 301 15

Between 10 and 30% of depressed patients, mostly bipolar, develop a therapy-resistant illness. The known causes of such chronic evolutions are discussed: misdiagnosis (underlying schizophrenia, personality disorder or dementia), drug-induced depression (neuroleptics), systemic disease (hypothyroidism, multiple sclerosis, cardiovascular or neoplastic disease etc.), or lack of efficacy (drug compliance, insufficient dosage). Remedies are suggested: adequate dosage, drug combination (Newcastle cocktail. tricyclic antidepressant + MAOI, imipramine + T3), carbamazepine in lithium-resistant cases, alprazolam, reduction in vanadium intake, sleep deprivation, psychosurgery.
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PMID:The management of resistant depression. 308 16

Reported herein is the possible interaction between two drugs used to treat a man with a large prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma. The patient had a long history of schizophrenia that was treated with many different medications, including phenothiazines. Evaluation of progressive lethargy led to the discovery of a large parasellar tumor and a prolactin level of 7,981 ng/ml. His serum prolactin level fell to the 400 ng/ml range during bromocriptine therapy but rose whenever the antipsychotic thioridazine was added to his regimen. A marked deterioration of his visual fields was noted after 3 months' therapy with both drugs, and this abnormality resolved five days after the thioridazine was stopped. The use of dopamine antagonists such as thioridazine in patients with prolactinoma may interfere with bromocriptine's action, resulting in potentially serious complications.
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PMID:Interactions between thioridazine and bromocriptine in a patient with a prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma. 672 Jul 32


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