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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study investigated assumptions made by DSM-III and DSM-III-R regarding Axis I-Axis II associations and sex differences for the 11 personality disorders (PD). A total of 112 patients formed 4 Axis I diagnostic groups: recent-onset schizophrenia (n = 35); recent-onset mania (n = 26); unipolar affective disorder (n = 30); and a mixed diagnostic group (n = 21). The prevalence of PD was determined using the Structured Interview for DSM-III Personality Disorders (SIDP). Schizophrenia was associated with antisocial PD and schizotypal PD; manic disorder was associated with histrionic PD; and unipolar affective disorder was associated with borderline, dependent and avoidant PD. Some of these results were consistent with DSM-III/DSM-III-R postulates. However, there was little support for the DSM-III/DSM-III-R statements on sex differences in the prevalence of PD, except for antisocial PD. The implications of the results for DSM-III/DSM-III-R assumptions are discussed.
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PMID:Diagnosing personality disorders in psychiatric inpatients. 203 65

The family history of major psychiatric disorders was examined among relatives of 193 in-patients fulfilling the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) for Schizophrenia, Unspecified Functional Psychoses, Schizoaffective Disorder, Manic Disorder or Major Depressive Disorder. The morbid risk (MR) for schizophrenia was greater among the relatives of probands with non-affective psychoses whereas the MR for mania was greater among the relatives of probands with affective bipolar disorder. When major psychiatric syndromes were examined, only manic syndrome showed familial aggregation.
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PMID:Family history study of major psychiatric disorders and syndromes. 262 77

Schizoaffective mania refers to a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by mixtures of schizophrenic and manic (or bipolar) symptoms. Of the proposed diagnostic criteria, the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) most clearly distinguish relevant subgroups. Family, clinical, and treatment studies suggest that the RDC's mainly affective subtype of schizoaffective mania is a variant of psychotic bipolar disorder. Limited available data suggest that the mainly schizophrenic subtype has a poorer prognosis and includes cases more closely related to schizophrenia. Schizoaffective mania also overlaps with proposed categories such as reactive and cycloid psychosis. It is premature to assume that all schizoaffective manic disorder represents a bipolar variant. Further studies that differentiate patients according to subtype, drug response, and course are needed.
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PMID:Schizoaffective mania reconsidered. 355 37

Our study takes a further look at the apomorphine test in the psychoses and affective disorders, with special reference to the use of different diagnostic systems. Patients meeting Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) for schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or manic disorder were included. In addition to the RDC, diagnosis was also made using the DSM-III and ICD-9. All patients underwent an evaluation of peak GH response to apomorphine administration. The results show that RDC and ICD-9 are similar, in that for both systems, a high GH response correlates with a schizoaffective disorder and distinguishes those patients significantly from manic patients. The DMS-III brings in some new dimensions, in that schizophreniform disorder (6-month cut-off) is distinguished from schizophrenia. In addition, patients with affective symptoms and mood-incongruent psychoses are more closely related to schizophreniform disorder than to classical manic disorder.
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PMID:Growth hormone response to apomorphine and diagnosis: a comparison of three diagnostic systems. 369 35

Using the Scale for the Assessment of Thought, Language, and Communication (TLC), we examined the frequency of "thought disorder" in 94 normal volunteers and 100 psychiatric patients (25 each suffering from manic disorder, schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenic disorder, disorganized type, and schizophrenic disorder, paranoid type). We observed the manics to have a substantial amount of thought disorder and the normals to have a modest amount, suggesting that thought disorder is probably not pathognomonic of schizophrenia. The patients with affective illness did, however, show a somewhat different pattern of abnormality. In particular, patients with affective psychosis have more prominent positive thought disorder, while the schizophrenic patients tend to have more negative thought disorder. Evaluation of the patients 6 months later indicated that most types of thought disorder remit in the manics, while they persist in the schizophrenics; patients with schizoaffective disorder also tend to improve substantially. The strongest predictor of outcome was the presence of negative thought disorder.
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PMID:Thought, language, and communication in schizophrenia: diagnosis and prognosis. 376 56

The authors compared patients meeting widely accepted criteria for the diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder, manic type, with patients meeting rigorous criteria for manic disorder and schizophrenia, using three methods of validation: family history, short-term treatment response, and long-term outcome. No significant differences were found between patients with manic disorder and schizoaffective disorder. However, consistent and often highly significant differences separated patients with schizophrenia from those with manic disorder and schizoaffective disorder. The findings suggest that schizoaffective disorder, as currently defined, is not a valid and independent entity. The authors suggest that psychotic disorders not diagnosable as manic-depressive illness or schizophrenia and without apparent organic basis would best be called "undiagnosed" or "atypical" psychosis. Further, while proposals for new diagnoses or for subtyping of schizophrenia or manic-depressive illness should be encouraged, these should undergo rigorous screening for validity before being accepted into clinical use.
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PMID:"Schizoaffective disorder": an invalid diagnosis? A comparison of schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, and affective disorder. 610 96

Standardization of diagnosis is an essential preliminary in the clinical research in biological psychiatry. Between the different systems of nosographical selection, Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) are the most internationally diffused. After having recalled the spirit of RDC, we have looked for seven major illnesses (major and minor depressive disorders, endogenomorphic major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, manic disorder, panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder) equivalents of RDC criteria in psychopathological and somatical items of AMDP system. With a minimum of modifications (adjonction of some reserve items for each illness), AMDP scales could become compatible. The verification of this theorical equivalence secondly makes it a duty to use jointly RDC and AMDP scales and to analyse both of them separately. After this methodological control, patients who meet RDC criteria could be automatically selected from AMDP scales.
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PMID:[The necessity for standardized diagnosis in research in biological psychiatry. Attempted integration of "Research Diagnostic Criteria" into the AMDP system]. 716 64

The aim of this study was to investigate women who had first-episode psychosis within 1 year after parturition. The Danish Psychiatric Central Register and the Danish Medical Birth Register were linked to identify all women admitted for the first time to a psychiatric department in Arhus County with a psychotic episode. Fifty cases were found, giving a frequency of first-episode psychosis within 1 year after delivery of 1 per 1000. First-episode psychotic disease within the first month postpartum occurred in 1 case per 2000 deliveries. The age distribution corresponded to that of the background population, but the cases were primiparous more often than expected. The socioeconomic status was equal to that of a matched control group of obstetric patients. Birth complications did not occur more frequently than expected, but the probands had a higher risk of preterm delivery than the controls. The clinical picture of the index episode was that of manic-depressive psychosis in nearly half of the cases, but no cases of schizophrenia were found. Sixty percent of the patients had a picture of severe depression, and 20% suffered from manic disorder. The follow-up, 7 to 14 years later, was carried out by interviewing the general practitioners. Forty percent of the women had not preserved full working capacity due to mental disorder. Moreover, the follow-up pointed to schizophreniform symptoms at the index episode as a predictor of incapacity to work. Recurrences were very common (60%), especially of the nonpuerperal type, and half of the recurrences belonged to the manic-depressive disorders.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:First admission with puerperal psychosis: 7-14 years of follow-up. 762 90

A retrospective investigation of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)-treated patients in 1992-94 at the Psychiatric Hospital in Aarhus, Denmark showed that en bloc treatment had been given in 39 cases of 420 patient series. The basic diagnoses (according to ICD-10) were severe depressive disorder, bipolar affective disorder mixed state, manic disorder, acute transient psychotic disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia; all patients were in a severely psychotic condition. Eight patients were diagnosed with acute delirium. Delirious symptoms disappeared completely after the first few ECT treatments. Patients were subsequently given supplementary treatment for the underlying disease. ECT is an effective treatment for psychoses complicated by acute delirium.
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PMID:ECT in acute delirium and related clinical states. 915 83

The present report examines consistency across four psychiatric conditions (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, manic disorder, and depression) on neuropsychological dysfunction assessed by two different instruments, the Halstead-Reitan and Luri-Nebraska batteries, in relation to WAIS-IQ. Results indicated that the impairment scale from the Luria-Nebraska has a stable relationship to IQ across diagnostic groups. In contrast, the impairment index from the Halstead-Reitan battery shows a diagnosis-dependent relationship. Schizophrenics, schizoaffective and manic disorder subjects show a more uniform linear relationship. This is contrary to expectation given Halstead's (1947) distinction between "biological" and psychometric intelligence. The findings are discussed from the standpoint of clinical severity and outcome associated with contemporary diagnostic formulations of nonschizophrenic affective disorders.
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PMID:Intelligence and neuropsychological functioning in psychiatric disorders. 1458 91


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