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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1004 first degree relatives fo 150 schizoaffective patients (41 males, 109 females) were studied and a total morbidity risk of 29.6% of schizoaffective spectrum disorders were found. The relatives show an increased morbidity risk for schizophrenia (5.26%) and affective disorder (6.55%) with a high incidence of catatonia and unipolar depression; schizoaffective secondary cases were only found in 3%. There is no significant difference in morbidity between parents, siblings and children. The morbidity risk of neuroses is 5.3%, for personality disorders 7.2% and for suicides without spectrum diagnosis 1.8%. Off-spring of affected parents show a morbidity risk twice as high as that of off-spring of non-affected parents. The findings do not support the present concept of the ICD (International Classification of Disorders) of WHO, which subsumes schizoaffective disorders under the major rubric of schizophrenia. From a genetic viewpoint schizoaffective disorder takes an intermediate position between schizophrenia and affective disorders. None of the present hypotheses of the mode of inheritance is supported by the findings.
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PMID:Schizoaffective disorders. Results of a genetic investigation, I. 16 95

The concept of schizophrenic reaction was introduced in 1920 by Popper for single schizophrenic manifestations of short duration and full recovery, occurring after a traumatic experience. Of the 29 probands with a primary diagnosis of schizophrenic reaction when recruited for study by Rohr (report published 1961), 28 were reevaluated 20 years later. Nineteen subjects now had a clear-cut schizophrenic symptomatology (ICD 295); 16 with, and three without, remaining symptoms and/or relapse. The other nine were now diagnosed under nosologic categories other than ICD 295. Of these subjects, four were symptom free and had suffered no relapse. The study did not reveal criteria suggesting a distinguishable nosologic category 'schizophrenic reaction' with reference to a schizophrenic syndrome of acute or subacute onset after a brief traumatic event (without remaining symptoms and/or relapse). Such probands did not differ from the schizophrenic group in any of the following criteria: psychopathology, heredity data (diagnosis of relatives was undertaken without reference to the respective index cases), time of onset, duration of psychopathologic manifestation, length of hospitalization, period without remaining symptoms or relapse, and frequency and type of traumatic experiences. The two groups with schizophrenic symptomatology (ICD 295) are genetically characterized by the fact that their first-degree relatives had an incidence of schizophrenia of 8.3 +/- 2.6%. On the other hand, no certain cases of schizophrenia were found among such relatives of subjects in other diagnostic groups. The results do not support the concept of schizophrenic reaction.
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PMID:[The 'schizophrenic reaction'--a follow-up study after 20 years (author's transl)]. 45 48

At time of discharge 33 patients with ICD-9 schizophrenia and 16 patients with ICD-9 schizoaffective psychosis were assessed by the Freiburg Personality Inventory (FPI). Psychological profiles were analyzed individually and compared to controls. In addition, a hierarchical cluster analysis was carried out. Psychopathological findings at time of discharge were documented by the AMDP system. Impact of psychopathology on response behavior in the FPI was not evident. There were but few schizophrenic or schizoaffective patients without any abnormal FPI score. For the schizophrenics abnormal (high and low) scores could especially be found on the scales "Nervousness", "Depressiveness" and "Masculinity", for the schizoaffective patients on the scales "Nervousness", "Depressiveness", "Excitability", "Extraversion" and "Neuroticism". With regard to personality both groups turned out to be heterogenous. The schizophrenics differed significantly from the controls by higher means on the scales "Nervousness" and "Depressiveness" and a lower mean on the scale "Masculinity". The schizoaffective patients differed significantly from the controls by higher means on the scales "Depressiveness" and "Inhibition". Hierarchical cluster analysis resulted in 3 clusters for the schizophrenics: 1. introverted-schizoid type (42%), 2. extraverted-aggressive type (36%), 3. normal type (22%), and 2 clusters for the schizoaffective patients: 1. emotional labile type (56%), 2 normal type (44%). Results are compared to literature.
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PMID:[Personality of schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients]. 128 32

The discrepancies of studies on symptomatology and treatment of schizophrenia could be related to the selection of different patients diagnosed by one diagnostic system, different from a study to another. Therefore, we tested whether 14 diagnostic systems could include 51 patients differently as regard to the intensity of positive, negative or depressive symptomatology and to the phase of illness. The distribution of the patients in different sets of diagnosis has been carried out by a computer program and the symptomatology has been evaluated with PANSS and MADRS. Some diagnostic criteria like DSMIII-R, Langfeldt, Taylor, ICD 9 include negative and depressive patients preferentially. Others systems like Berner, Catego, ICD 9, New-Haven, Schneider, include more patients with acute than residual symptoms. These results show the importance of the choice of one or more diagnostic criteria depending on the aim of the study.
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PMID:[Research in schizophrenia: necessity to include patients of multiple diagnostic systems]. 134 45

The neuroleptic effect and tolerability of roxindole (EMD 49,980), an agonist of the dopamine-D2 autoreceptor, was studied during a 4 week treatment period in 7 patients with paranoid-hallucinatory schizophrenia (ICD-9: 295.3). In patients with a daily dosage of up to 4.5 mg/day, there was no improvement as measured with the total score of the BPRS scale. In contrast, patients with a daily dosage of up to 30 mg/day showed a slight improvement, especially in items associated with negative symptoms. In 3 patients there were slight adverse events (dizziness, hypersalivation, hypotonia, nausea/vomiting, miction disturbance) which were probably connected with the intake of roxindole.
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PMID:Early clinical results with the neuroleptic roxindole (EMD 49,980) in the treatment of schizophrenia--an open study. 135 88

Patients with an ICD-9 diagnosis of psychotic disorder were assessed for DSM-III-R schizophrenia. Rates of schizophrenia were found to be higher in males (39.8 per 100,000) than females (22.4 per 100,000). The DSM-III-R incidence supports recent studies which suggest a decrease in rates of schizophrenia across time, and also suggests that men suffer from both more schizophrenia and a more severe form of the disease.
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PMID:Lower incidence and increased male:female ratio in schizophrenia. 139 46

Reactive psychosis is a common diagnosis in the Nordic countries (Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland and Iceland) and in several other parts of the world. In ICD-9 and DSM-III-R, the concept is defined more narrowly than in the Nordic tradition. In this study we examined the interrater reliability of the Nordic concept by the case-summary method between clinicians from 9 university departments in the Nordic countries. The results show that Nordic psychiatrists have a reasonably reliable concept of reactive psychosis, and that this psychosis can be diagnosed as reliably as schizophrenia and affective psychosis.
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PMID:The Nordic concept of reactive psychosis--a multicenter reliability study. 141 2

This study examines the prevalence of schizophrenia in 871 first-degree relatives of schizophrenic probands (N = 121) and 658 first-degree relatives of age-matched controls. The controls (N = 126) were medical inpatients referred for psychiatric opinion in a general hospital. Diagnoses in the probands fulfilled the ICD criteria for schizophrenic psychoses. Information on the relatives were obtained from enquiry of the family history and the hospital case records. The prevalence of schizophrenia in first-degree relatives of schizophrenic probands was 22 times that of the medical controls (6.8% versus 0.3%) (p < 0.05). The result supports the observation that schizophrenia is a familial disorder.
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PMID:The prevalence of schizophrenia in relatives of schizophrenic patients. 148 84

We pretend with our study to compare the DSM-III diagnostic criteria with ICD-9 diagnostic criteria for psychotic episodes and to look for the diagnostic stability for both classifications. We studied 79 first psychotic episodes following ICD-9 and retrospectively we applied the DSM-III diagnostic criteria to the same patients. The mean follow up time was 46.6 +/- 6.7 months. In the ICD-9 the schizophrenic psychoses represented the main diagnostic group, not only the day they were discharged from the hospital 31.6% but also in the follow up 39.2%. On the other hand in the DSM-III, in the discharge day the schizophreniform disorder was the more frequent diagnostic 24%, while in the follow up the schizophrenic disorder came to the first position 32.9%. In the ICD-9 there was a 15.1% of diagnostic changes and in the DSM-III nearly the double 30.3%. In both classifications the unspecified and the atypical suffered a great diagnostic mobility; in both nosologies the schizophrenia was the most unchangeable diagnosis, no patient discharged with this diagnosis changed to another in the follow up. ICD-9 could be said that has a great sensitivity and an acceptable specificity for this entities, and DSM-III would have a moderate sensitivity but a very diagnostic specificity for these disorders.
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PMID:[ICD-9 versus DSM-III in the psychoses: anamnestic and catamnestic implications]. 149 9

Using the method of a "blind" retrospective evaluation of clinical charts, 21 female patients with hysterical psychosis were compared with 21 patients diagnosed as suffering from nonhysterical reactive/psychogenic psychosis and 42 patients diagnosed as schizophrenic according to the Ninth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9). All three groups were restricted to first admissions and matched with regard to sex, age, and year of admission. Many significant differences were found between hysterical psychosis and schizophrenia; the only significant differences between hysterical and nonhysterical reactive/psychogenic psychosis were the presence of histrionic personality and the frequent shift in symptomatology in the former. Thus, both disorders seem to be identical.
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PMID:Is the diagnosis of hysterical psychosis justified?: Clinical study of hysterical psychosis, reactive/psychogenic psychosis, and schizophrenia. 155 5


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