Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Comparisons were made between personality (MMPI) profiles of 26 part-time university students who scored in the upper and 29 students who scored in the lower one-quarter of the range on a scale that measures temporal-lobe signs in the normal population. Compared to the reference group, the subjects who displayed more temporal-lobe signs showed statistically significant elevations above a T score of 70 on Schizophrenia and Hypomania. There were secondary elevations on Psychasthenia and frequency scales. Similar profiles whose high-point scores display greater amplitude are typical for patients with schizotypal disorders and for many patients who have long histories of temporal lobe epilepsy. These results support the existence of a continuum of temporal-lobe lability that extends into the normal population.
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PMID:MMPI profiles of normal people who display frequent temporal-lobe signs. 362 13

Data are presented on 24 patients with epilepsy and psychosis whose clinical presentation was rated using the Present State Examination (PSE). Seventeen had complex partial seizures and a diagnosis of temporal lobe epilepsy, seven had generalised epilepsy. An association between a CATEGO category of nuclear schizophrenia (NS) and a lesion of the left side was noted. No clear link between depressive symptoms and a right-sided focus was discovered. Affective disorders were noted in both groups of epileptic patients, although paranoid psychoses were commoner in the temporal lobe group. There was also a tendency for the latter to have more delusions of persecution, ideas of reference, and special features of depression. The group rated as NS appear less likely to show evidence of intellectual deterioration than the other psychotic patients; in addition, the interval between the onset of their epilepsy and the onset of their psychosis is shorter. Radiological assessment by CAT reveals few differences between groups, but the psychotic samples do show higher than expected values on a number of variables, in particular the bilateral septum-caudate distance and the size of the third and fourth ventricle.
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PMID:Epileptic psychosis: an evaluation of PSE profiles. 397 33

The authors studied 25 preschool children with schizophrenia and schizophreniform states associated with residual-organic damage to the brain who also presented various convulsive manifestations. Patients with this combination were far less numerous than patients with convulsive manifestations without schizophreniform symptoms and with schizophrenia without convulsive manifestations. With regard to paroxysmal phenomena per se, no significant differences were discovered in patients with the schizophreniform symptomatology versus patients with convulsive manifestations without symptoms of schizophrenia. The study showed that in the majority of cases, the patients had infantile schizophrenia against an organically altered background. In schizophreniform conditions that resulted from residual symptoms of the organic damage to the brain, the epileptiform syndrome was more stable. The schizophreniform symptomatology in some cases was associated with temporal lobe epilepsy. Differentiation of "schizoepilepsy" as a separate nosological entity was found to be unsubstantiated. Administration of neuroleptics induced enhancement of paroxysmal manifestations in some patients.
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PMID:[Association of schizophrenic and convulsive manifestations in children]. 615 May 89

Three long-stay, hospitalised schizophrenics who had failed to respond adequately to conventional drug therapy were treated with gamma-linolenic acid and linoleic acid in the form of evening primrose oil. They became substantially worse and electroencephalographic features of temporal lobe epilepsy became apparent. In all three the clinical state dramatically improved when carbamazepine, the conventional therapy for temporal lobe epilepsy was introduced. It can be extremely difficult to distinguish on clinical grounds between schizophrenia and temporal lobe epilepsy, and electroencephalographic studies do not always reveal an abnormality in the temporal lobe syndrome, unless additional procedure such as sphenoidal electroencephalography is undertaken. A trial of therapy with gamma-linolenic acid may prove of considerable value in distinguishing between these two states, so allowing specific therapy to be introduced.
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PMID:The use of gamma-linolenic acid and linoleic acid to differentiate between temporal lobe epilepsy and schizophrenia. 626 35

In order to obtain further evidence of possible psychopathology, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was administered to 25 patients (pts) who had the controversial EEG pattern of rhythmic midtemporal discharges--(RMTD) psychomotor variant. The pts were divided into a retrospective and prospective group, the former consisting of only a minority (36%) of pts who had previously agreed to cooperate and the latter consisting of every pt (100%) showing the pattern in a 3-year period. The scores of all RMTD pts were abnormal (approximately 2 SD above the normal mean) for hypochondriasis, schizophrenia, depression, and hysteria and were classified as Abnormal on Rule 1 on the Goldberg sequential diagnostic system. Patients with intermediate or many bursts of this pattern were also classified as Abnormal, scored higher on every clinical scale, significantly so on five of the clinical scales and were significantly different with regard to the number of clinical scale scores at or over the T value of 70 as well as 80. The MMPI profile of RMTD pts is similar to those with definite temporal lobe epilepsy but different from pts with general medical disorders.
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PMID:Evidence for psychopathology in patients with rhythmic midtemporal discharges. 651 12

There is a growing body of evidence in support of the view of schizophrenia as a dysfunction of the left temporal lobe. This hypothesis, first proposed by Flor-Henry, stemmed from the frequently observed association of schizophreniform psychoses with left-sided temporal lobe epilepsy. As yet the evidence is solely clinical, with a wide range of psychological and physiological measurements indicating a left hemisphere disorder in patients with schizophrenia. It is not, however, inconsistent with the major neurochemical hypothesis of schizophrenia, which proposes an increase in dopaminergic neurotransmission which can be blocked by neuroleptic drugs. One region of the medial temporal lobe, the amygdala, receives a major dopaminergic innervation from the ventral tegmental area. In fact this meso-limbic dopaminergic tract, which also innervates the nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercule, has been implicated in psychosis and in antipsychotic drug action. We have attempted here to test whether there is a neurochemical correlate of the Flor-Henry hypothesis using brain tissue collected post mortem from schizophrenic patients and controls. The results indicate that a specific increase of dopamine is found in the amygdalae in the left cerebral hemisphere of the schizophrenic group.
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PMID:Increased concentrations and lateral asymmetry of amygdala dopamine in schizophrenia. 662 99

The mental states of 23 epileptic psychotic patients and 10 patients with process schizophrenia were compared, using the Present State Examination. The epileptics displayed marked heterogeneity of psychiatric diagnoses. Disturbances of affect underlying the psychosis or presenting as manic-depressive psychosis were frequent and independent of the type of epilepsy. Schizophrenic psychosis, classified with psychopathological criteria similar to those used in the non-epileptic schizophrenic group, was significantly associated with temporal lobe epilepsy. Psychoses other than schizophrenia, however, were present in 5 out of 16 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. These results support a relationship between schizophrenic symptoms and temporal lobe pathology and emphasize the need to use reproducible methods of diagnosis in psychiatric research.
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PMID:Epileptic psychosis--diagnostic comparison with process schizophrenia. 743 58

MB suffered an episode of status epilepticus of febrile origin at the age of 20 months. This was followed at two years by complex partial seizures of temporal lobe origin and at eight years he had learning difficulties arising from the dominant hemisphere. Subsequent symptoms included auditory, visual and olfactory hallucinations which were not controlled by antipsychotics or antiepileptics. EEG and MRI were unhelpful and alternating diagnoses of schizophrenia and temporal lobe epilepsy were made. Now aged 17 years, he has a diagnosis of schizophreniform psychosis with temporal lobe abnormality from status epilepticus in childhood, and is managed by an adult psychiatrist. His symptoms persist.
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PMID:Psychosis or epilepsy--a diagnostic and management quandary. 789 50

To examine the relationship between functional abnormality of the brain and the development of epileptic psychosis, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) patterns with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using N-isopropyl-(iodine-123)-p-iodoamphetamine (123I-IMP) were serially examined in interictal stages with and without the psychotic state in 2 medicated patients with temporal lobe epilepsy with schizophrenia-like syndrome. Both patients had epileptic EEG foci in the left temporal lobe and schizophrenia-like syndrome in Bruens' classification of epileptic psychosis, mainly consisting of auditory hallucinations and delusions of persecution and reference accompanying the enhancement of interictal epileptic discharges. In both patients, the SPECT scans obtained in the stages without the psychotic state revealed focal hypoperfusion images in the left temporal lobe regionally consistent with the EEG foci. On the other hand, the SPECT scans in the stages with the psychotic states revealed focal hyperperfusion images in the left temporal lobe or amygdala in case 1, and a normal perfusion pattern without asymmetric images of the right and left temporal lobes in case 2. These results suggest that temporo-limbic dysfunction, in particular hyperfunction in the temporo-limbic system in the left dominant hemisphere, arises at the time of the psychotic state in epileptic psychosis.
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PMID:123I-IMP SPECT brain imaging in epileptic psychosis: a study of two cases of temporal lobe epilepsy with schizophrenia-like syndrome. 827 3

This study examines the relationship between epilepsy and psychosis. It compares clinical, EEG, and neuropathologic data from a group of subjects who had both epilepsy and psychosis with similar information from another group of patients who had epilepsy but no evidence of psychotic illness. We examined, blind to clinical diagnosis, gross and microscopic material from whole-brain specimens from 10 patients diagnosed with epilepsy plus schizophrenia-like psychosis, nine subjects diagnosed with epilepsy plus "epileptic psychosis," and 36 individuals with epilepsy (21 from an epileptic colony and 15 from the community at large) who had no history of psychosis (n = 10 + 9 + 21 + 15 = 55). We abstracted case histories without knowledge of pathologic findings. Epileptic colony patients had an earlier age at onset of seizures, while epileptic colony and epileptic psychosis patients had more frequent seizures. Epileptic individuals in the community died at a younger age than did epileptic patients in long-stay hospital care. Psychotic epileptic patients had larger cerebral ventricles, excess periventricular gliosis, and more focal cerebral damage compared with epileptic patients who had no psychotic illness. Epileptic patients with schizophrenia-like psychosis were distinguished from all other groups by a significant excess of pinpoint perivascular white-matter softenings. We found that mesial temporal sclerosis and temporal lobe epilepsy occurred with equal frequency in the psychotic and nonpsychotic groups; generalized seizures occurred more frequently in the psychotic epileptics and the epileptic colony epileptics than in the community epileptic controls.
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PMID:Epilepsy, psychosis, and schizophrenia: clinical and neuropathologic correlations. 829 87


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