Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A psychometric analysis on patients with duodenal ulcer using latent structure coefficients (Loevinger and Mokken) showed that the MMPI subscales of depression, psychasthenia, hypochondriasis, hysteria, schizophrenia and social introversion all could be considered as indicators of Eysenck's dimension of neuroticism. Both a MMPI neuroticism scale of 15 items (MMPI/N-15) and of 21 items (MMPI/N-21) were psychometrically valid, i.e. the total score was a sufficient statistic. Patients with duodenal ulcer who improved during treatment also had a significant decrease in their neuroticism scores, whereas patients who did not improve had unchanged neuroticism scores. In other words, neuroticism is secondary to the clinical symptoms of duodenal ulcer (a psychological adjustment to illness) and not an etiological factor.
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PMID:The validity of Eysenck's neuroticism dimension within the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory in patients with duodenal ulcer. The Hvidovre Ulcer Project Group. 784 60

Clozapine is highly effective for drug resistant schizophrenia, it does not cause any extrapiramidal side effects, but involves a high risk of agranulocytosis with fatal outcome. The pathogenesis of agranulocytosis is not clear but genetic factors, as well as immunological and toxic mechanism may play an important role. Since the introduction of the monitoring system of leucocytosis for every patient an increasing number of agranulocytosis cases are being registered. Owing to the monitoring system, an immediate discontinuation of the drug, and the initiation of appropriate treatment the number of cases with fatal outcome is not growing in spite of the increasing number of patients treated with clozapine. In the described patient with chronic schizophrenia and ulcerative disease, agranulocytosis disappeared within 7 days after discontinuation of the drug. Three months later the patient died because of perforation of a duodenal ulcer. A negative influence of closapine on ulcerative disease should by considered, but the authors have not found any information on this topic in the literature.
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PMID:[Agranulocytosis in the course of clozapine treatment]. 787 56

Between January 1985 and September 1994, 21 patients with psychiatric disorders underwent various forms of surgery at our hospital. There were 12 men and 9 women with an average age of 57.6 years. The coexisting psychiatric disorders were schizophrenia in 15 patients, depression in 2, dementia in 2, mental retardation with epilepsy in 1, and Parkinson's disease in 1. All the patients had been receiving neuroleptic medications for a long period. The indications for surgery were: cholelithiasis in 6 patients, acute appendicitis in 4, perforation of the small intestine in 3, incarceration of an inguinal hernia in 2, and esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, bleeding from a gastric ulcer, perforation of a duodenal ulcer, strangulating ileus, and burns in 1 patient each, respectively. All of the patients who underwent elective surgery were given epidural anesthesia with or without general anesthesia. Antipsychotic medications were given until just prior to surgery and recommenced concurrent with the first meal. Abnormal behavior was observed in 11 patients (52.4%) postoperatively, but all the patients were discharged in accordance with recovery from their surgical disorder. Intra- and postoperative hypotension resistant to intravenous catecholamine administration was recognized in 9 patients (42.9%), and this peculiar complication should be borne in mind when patients with psychiatric disorders require surgical management.
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PMID:Surgical treatment of patients with psychiatric disorders: a review of 21 patients. 913 Mar 38

The lifetime prevalence of duodenal ulcer in the United States is 8 to 10%, whereas another 1% of the population is affected by gastric ulcer. Both central and peripheral dopamine pathways may influence ulcer pathogenesis. Dopamine agonists prevent whereas antagonists augment stress- and chemically induced gastrointestinal ulcers in preclinical models. The dopaminergic neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,36-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) depletes central dopamine and induces lesions in the substantia nigra, and, if given in high doses, MPTP induces a Parkinson disease-like syndrome and gastric ulcers. Because schizophrenia is attributed, in part, to an overactive dopaminergic system, persons with schizophrenia may display a reduced susceptibility toward gastrointestinal ulcers. A case-control study was conducted in patients represented in the 2002 National Inpatient Sample, the largest all-payer inpatient care database in the United States, consisting of 5 to 8 million inpatient hospital stays per year, which approximates a 20% sample of community hospitals. A significant association was observed between schizophrenia and diminished risk for duodenal (odds ratio [OR] 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.45-0.67) and gastric (OR 0.54; 95% CI 0.46-0.63) (p < .01) ulcers but not for gastrojejunal ulcers (OR 0.44; 95% CI 0.16-1.20) (p = .11). Potential confounders such as age, gender, race, tobacco or alcohol dependence, and Helicobacter pylori infection were controlled in multivariate analyses. This observational study in a large sample of patients in community hospitals suggests that schizophrenia and attendant neurobiologic mechanisms (eg, variability in dopamine pathways) may act in concert to modify the composite risk for gastrointestinal ulcers. Dopamine pathways warrant further prospective research as new potential drug targets in ulcer disease.
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PMID:Cosegregation of gastrointestinal ulcers and schizophrenia in a large national inpatient discharge database: revisiting the "brain-gut axis" hypothesis in ulcer pathogenesis. 1796 81