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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule (NIMH-DIS) was administered by trained lay interviewers to a sample of 82 outpatients with clinical diagnoses of DSM-III schizophrenic disorder. Of these subjects, 77 percent were also diagnosed as suffering from DSM-III schizophrenic disorder according to the structured interview (NIMH-DIS) administered by a lay interviewer. The DIS interviews were scrutinized to find the reasons for their discrepancy with the clinical diagnoses. A majority of the DIS-negative schizophrenic subjects acknowledged significant psychopathology in the DIS and missed only one of the six DSM-III criteria items for schizophrenia. Test-retest results showed consistency in the subjects' reporting of lifetime schizophrenic symptoms.
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PMID:The NIMH-DIS in the assessment of DSM-III schizophrenic disorder. 371 14

One-hundred thirty-eight hospitalized adolescents exhibiting a broad range of psychopathology were divided into four groups based on the presence or absence of significant thought disorder on the Wechsler IQ (using Johnston and Holzman's Thought Disorder Index) and the Rorschach (using Exner's Schizophrenia Index). All subjects in the four IQ/Rorschach cross-classified groups (group A, low disordered IQ/low disordered Rorschach; group B, low disordered IQ/high disordered Rorschach; group C, high disordered IQ/high disordered Rorschach; group D, high disordered IQ/low disordered Rorschach) were rated as well on clinical symptomatology (using the Psychiatric Evaluation Form, a scale developed by Spitzer and Endicott). A multivariate analysis of variance comparing the means of the Psychiatric Evaluation Form variables for the four groups yielded significant interactions and significant main effects. The results portrayed a symptomatic picture of depression and acting out in group A, borderline-like traits in group B, psychosis in group C, and interpersonal difficulty in group D. These results are interpreted as support for the value of comparative measures of thought disorder in clinical evaluation. Further research to investigate the heretofore undescribed group D is recommended.
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PMID:Patterns of thought disorder on psychological testing. Implications for adolescent psychopathology. 373 67

Deficits on two continuous performance test versions and the forced-choice span of apprehension task, which are potential vulnerability factors for schizophrenic disorders, were examined in relationship to particular symptoms of schizophrenic disorders, with emphasis on hypothesized relationships to formal thought disorder and negative symptoms. These interrelationships were determined concurrently within a group of 40 schizophrenic patients at an inpatient point. In addition, 32 of these patients were retested at a stabilized outpatient point to address the extent to which continued attentional deficits were associated with specific symptomatology during the hospitalized period. Signal-discrimination deficits on the three tasks were consistently associated with inpatient negative symptoms of schizophrenia as measured by the Anergia factor of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), across both the inpatient and outpatient assessments. The outpatient signal-discrimination deficits also showed significant, but less consistent, correlations with inpatient schizophrenic modes of thinking measured by the Rorschach Thought Disorder Index and with formal thought disorder measured by the BPRS Conceptual Disorganization rating. In contrast, no relationship with inpatient hallucinations or delusions was found. Combined with previous findings from high-risk samples, these results are consistent with the view that signal-discrimination deficits in situations demanding high levels of effortful processing are enduring vulnerability factors for schizophrenic negative symptoms and possibly for certain schizophrenic forms of thought disorder.
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PMID:Attentional vulnerability indicators, thought disorder, and negative symptoms. 376 59

Thought disorder in 20 manic and 43 schizophrenic patients was examined using the Thought Disorder Index. To ensure the inclusion of patients with unambiguous mania and schizophrenia, the patients met Research Diagnostic Criteria, DSM-III criteria, and Washington University (St Louis) criteria. While the quantity of thought disorder did not differ significantly between the two groups, there were distinct qualitative differences. The thought disorder of manic patients was extravagantly combinatory, usually with humor, flippancy, and playfulness. The thought disorder of schizophrenic patients appeared disorganized, confused, and ideationally fluid, with many peculiar words and phrases.
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PMID:Comparative studies of thought disorders. I. Mania and schizophrenia. 380 May 79

The relationship between the presence of smooth-pursuit eye-movement dysfunctions and degree of thought disorder was assessed in four groups: schizophrenics, manics, atypical psychotic patients, and normal persons. A positive relationship, constant for all groups, was found to be significant but low. Impaired eye tracking accounted for 4.22% of the total variance of thought disorder. Diagnosis accounted for over 10% of the thought-disorder variance. Although there is a tendency for those persons with poor eye tracking to have higher amounts of thought disorder than those with unimpaired eye tracking, all psychotic patients, regardless of diagnostic class, tended to have thought disorder scores in the pathological range, as measured by the Thought Disorder Index. Although the data may be viewed as supporting similar hypothetical processes that underlie pursuit dysfunctions and thought disorder, the greater likelihood exists that the coupling of thought disorder and eye-tracking dysfunctions may be explained differently in the schizophrenia and in the major affective disorders.
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PMID:The association between eye-tracking dysfunctions and thought disorder in psychosis. 380 May 81

This is a case report of a 15-year-old visually impaired, mentally retarded male who presents with symptoms consistent with Tourette Syndrome, a Syndrome of approximate answers (Ganser's Syndrome) and Atypical Pervasive Developmental Disorder. The authors feel that this follow-up on the case presented earlier by Parraga and Butterfield raises the possibility of a link between a number of the symptoms of adult schizophrenia, appearing in attenuated form in these two cases, and Tourette Syndrome.
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PMID:Tourette syndrome, atypical pervasive developmental disorder and Ganser syndrome in a 15-year-old, visually impaired, mentally retarded boy. 385 81

The Thought Disorder Index, which has been shown to be a reliable and valid measure of the degree of thought disorder in adult psychotic patients, was used to assess thought disorder in children. Normal children aged 5 to 16 years, hospitalized psychotic children, children hospitalized for nonpsychotic behavioral problems, and children born to a psychotic mother (high-risk) were tested. In the normal sample, thought disorder decreases with age. The level of thought disorder in psychotic children and high-risk children was about three times higher than that of the normal children, whereas the level of thought disorder of the nonpsychotic hospitalized children was no different from that of the normal children. The study also detected differences in the kinds of thought disorder that characterize the psychotic and high-risk groups vs the other children. The presence of thought disorder may be thought of as a useful indicator of the diathesis for functional psychosis. The Thought Disorder Index merits selection as a tool for investigating thought disorder as a potential precursor variable in studies of children at risk for schizophrenia and manic-depressive illness.
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PMID:Thought disorder in children at risk for psychosis. 403 84

The nature of the relationship between thought organization and primary process was explored by correlating clinical indicators of thought disorder on the Rorschach and formal primary process mechanisms in the dreams of 14 parents of schizophrenics recorded during a two-week period. The relationship between variability of primary process intensity and the Thought Disorder Index produced a negative correlation at the 0.05 level of significance. Variability of primary process intensity was not found to be significantly related to the length or frequency of the dreams. This inverse relationship between formal thought disorder and variability over time of primary process in the dreams of biological relatives of schizophrenics suggested that dream constriction could be a regressive marker in the heritability of schizophrenia.
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PMID:Thought organization and primary process in the parents of schizophrenics. 648 60

Two structured interviews, the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Lifetime (SADS-L) and the National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule (NIMH-DIS), were compared as methods of reducing information variance in the diagnostic process. Forty-two patients newly admitted to an alcohol treatment unit were randomly selected and were independently interviewed using the SADS-L and NIMH-DIS. The order of the interviews was random and they were separated by three to four days. Interrater reliability for each interview schedule was calculated using the kappa statistic and was found to be high. The degree of diagnostic concordance between the two interview schedules for several diagnostic categories was also found to be high.
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PMID:A comparison of two interview schedules. The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Lifetime and the National Institute for Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule. 709

The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II (MCMI-II) scores of 35 schizophrenic inpatients were compared with scores from a matched group of 35 psychiatric inpatients with no thought disorder. The operating characteristics of the Thought Disorder (SS) scale in overlapping and nonoverlapping form were determined using various cutoff points defined by Base Rate (BR) scores or the numbers of prototypic items endorsed by the subject. The Thought Disorder scale was found to perform poorly--no better than chance (Prevalence = 50%)--at correctly classifying patients as schizophrenic or nonschizophrenic, regardless of the type of cutoff lines used. A profile analysis was performed on six schizophrenia-relevant scales in search of a distinguishing schizophrenia profile. Results indicated that the schizophrenic group produced no distinct profile. Results are discussed in terms of their relevance for clinicians and further research.
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PMID:The MCMI-II diagnosis of schizophrenia: operating characteristics and profile analysis. 784 35


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