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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A representative sample (R.S.) of 79 subjects living in Edinburgh common lodging houses was compared with a clinical series (C.S.) of 44 patients from the same type of resisence. C.S. patients were more likely to be out of work, to be under 55 years of age, and to have been married as some time. They had spent much shorter times in lodging houses, in Edinburgh and at their current address. Alcoholism was rather more often diagnosed in the C.S., and personality disorder much more often. Schizophrenia tended to be found more in the R.S. The C.S. obtained higher Personal Illness and 'Character Disorder' scores. It is concluded that those subjects presenting to the psychiatric services are a highly selected group quite unrepresentative of homeless single persons in general.
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PMID:The homeless person and the psychiatric services: an Edinburgh survey. 5 3

Bannister and Fransella's Grid Test of Schizophrenic Thought Disorder based on Personal Construct Theory and the concept of "loosened construing", as measurable in the scores of Intensity and Consistency between intercorrelations, has been applied to a Scandinavian sample of psychiatric patients. The validity of the test was illustrated, and a significant difference was found between a group of schizophrenics and schizophrenic borderline states and a group without schizophrenic thought disorders. The Grid Test scores were found to agree with thought disorder manifestations as evaluated in qualitative terms on the basis of cognitive and projective tests, but they did not differentiate between developmental levels of thinking corresponding to concreteness in organic impairment versus diffuseness in schizophrenia. Thus, the concept of "loosened construing" as applied in this thought disorder test seems too unspecific.
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PMID:A comparison between the Grid Test of Schizophrenic Thought Disorder and diagnostic psychological testing. 87 20

The study sample is drawn from patients seeking evaluation in a psychiatric intake facility. It concentrates on those who are assigned a diagnosis of psychosis as stipulated in DSM III. The aim is to elucidate the distinguishing characteristics of patients diagnosed as Schizophrenia Disorder. The descriptive validity of this disorder is pursued by systematically comparing clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with this disorder to those diagnosed as Paranoid Disorder, Atypical Psychosis, Brief Reactive Psychosis, Schizoaffective Disorder and Schizophreniform Disorder. These comparisons uncover special characteristics pertaining to the demography and impact of schizophrenia. The results obtained are explained using generalizations drawn from the epidemiology, natural history and clinical manifestations of schizophrenia and other psychoses.
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PMID:On the descriptive validity of DSM III schizophrenia. 150 95

Concordance rates between clinical and DIS-generated diagnoses were compared using data sets from Fukuoka University in Japan and Neuropsychiatric Hospital at the UCLA. An overall concordance rate of 35% between standard clinical diagnosis and DIS-Lifetime diagnosis was discovered in both samples. Next, concordance rates were analyzed by diagnostic category, and differential concordance rates among major diagnostic categories were found in both samples. The highest concordance rates were found in anxiety disorders and major depression. The lowest concordance rates were found in dysthymic disorder and schizophrenia. The Fukuoka sample contained more patients with anxiety disorders and major depression, while the UCLA sample has more patients diagnosed as dysthymic disorder and adjustment disorder. Future directions in cross-cultural psychiatric research are also suggested.
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PMID:Concordance rate between clinical and DIS diagnoses: a cross-cultural comparison. 180 Aug 5

We present a case example that illustrates the diagnostic and treatment difficulties engendered by adult psychiatric patients with primary behavioral problems and neurocognitive disorders. In the case cited, the neuropsychological evaluation plays a significant role in reconceptualizing a patient who had accrued multiple psychiatric diagnoses including schizophrenia, borderline personality, and impulse control disorder. Formal examination revealed deficits in language, executive, and attentional functions that were far greater than had been expected and led to a major change in treatment strategy, including successful trial of imipramine and nadolol and more structured milieu therapy. The cognitive deficit and intrapsychic conflict models are used to demonstrate the critical aspects of our diagnostic reclassification of the patient to Neurodevelopmental Disorder of Unknown Etiology and Auditory Attention Deficit Disorder.
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PMID:Neurocognitive disorders in psychiatry: a case example of diagnostic and treatment dilemmas. 202 75

The impact of haloperidol treatment on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) and the Thought Disorder Index was investigated in a group of 19 patients with schizophrenia tested both before and after 26 days of treatment with haloperidol. Thought disorder scores declined significantly over the course of treatment and fewer patients demonstrated severe forms of thought disorder at the end of the trial. WAIS performance improved significantly but the magnitude of change was consistent with the literature on expected practice effects. Thought disorder scores were negatively correlated with IQ at baseline, but not at Day 26. The results suggest a partial dissociation of thought disorder and other cognitive functions in schizophrenia.
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PMID:The effects of haloperidol on thought disorder and IQ in schizophrenia. 217 21

The Kiddie Formal Thought Disorder Story Game and the Kiddie Formal Thought Disorder Scale were administered to schizophrenic, schizotypal, and normal children, aged 5 to 13 years. The story game elicited more elaborate speech samples than did a structural clinical interview focused on psychotic symptomatology. The sum of illogical thinking and loose associations was a reliable kappa = 0.77), sensitive (79%), and specific (90%) indicator of schizophrenia in this sample. It also demonstrated significant developmental changes in the schizophrenic and normal subjects. Incoherence and poverty of content of speech were infrequently rated in both schizophrenic and normal subjects.
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PMID:The Kiddie Formal Thought Disorder Rating Scale: clinical assessment, reliability, and validity. 273 8

P300 component amplitude in the left temporal scalp region, shown in three previous studies to differentiate normals from schizophrenics, was found to be significantly correlated with the Thought Disorder Index (TDI) and the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS). These correlations occurred primarily in the P300 waveform derived from the Goodin paradigm. These findings suggest a brain processing disturbance in positive symptom schizophrenia that may be reflected by electrophysiological abnormalities detectable in the temporal scalp region.
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PMID:Correlations between abnormal auditory P300 topography and positive symptoms in schizophrenia: a preliminary report. 292 33

The authors determined the six-month and lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders among 100 consecutively admitted female offenders to a prison, using Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS Version III) and found high prevalence rates of schizophrenia, major depression, substance use disorders, psychosexual dysfunction, and antisocial personality disorders. The prevalence rates of these disorders were significantly higher than those of the general population. The authors note the implications of their findings for treatment of women within the correctional system.
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PMID:Lifetime and six-month prevalence of psychiatric disorders among sentenced female offenders. 326 81

The authors used the Thought Disorder Index to measure thought disorder in 23 patients with unilateral right hemisphere cortical damage, 20 patients with bipolar mania, and 25 patients with schizophrenia. There were no differences in the total amount of thought disorder in these groups, but each showed a unique pattern of thought disorder. Patients with right hemisphere damage displayed fragmented thinking, manic patients displayed playful thinking, and schizophrenic patients displayed idiosyncratic thinking. These findings support the view that thought disorder is manifested in different forms that are relatively specific to psychiatric or neurological condition.
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PMID:Patterns of thought disorder associated with right cortical damage, schizophrenia, and mania. 339 78


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