Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

141 patients with schizoaffective psychosis were observed: 70 patients in the period of the first manifest attack and 71 ones 10-20 years after it (catamnestic group). It was found that juvenile schizoaffective psychosis is clinically heterogenous endogenous disease, presenting in a continuum of forms in the range from the ones close to affective psychosis to the forms closer to shift-like progredient schizophrenia. The course of the psychosis was determined by peculiarities of nonaffective delirious disorders in clinical picture of manifest attacks. 3 main variants of such attacks are recognized: with domination of delusion of imagination (the 1st type); with domination of a delusion of perception (the 2nd type); with domination of a delirium of perception combined with manifestations of acute interpretative delirium (the 3d type). The 1st and 2nd types of manifest attacks correspond to ICD-10 criteria of schizoaffective psychosis. The course and outcome of juvenile schizoaffective psychosis were less favourable than those of analogus psychosis in adult age.
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PMID:[Schizo-affective psychosis manifested in adolescence]. 979 18

It is estimated that about one-half of Alzheimer's patients develop psychotic and/or behavioural signs and symptoms which can cause the most distress and difficulties to families and healthcare professionals. The prevalence and the type of problem behaviours varies remarkably with the course of Alzheimer's disease, the severity of cognitive impairment, the neuropathology and biochemical changes. The prevalence varies also in relation to the setting, sample size, rating instruments for assessment, comorbidity, coexistence of different problem behaviours and pharmacological therapies. Neuroleptics are the only documented pharmacological treatment for psychosis, agitation, suspicion, delusions and hallucinations. Neuroleptics have a number of potentially severe adverse effects, that caution against their widespread use in elderly patients. High potency agents such as haloperidol are more likely to cause Parkinsonian symptoms, while low-potency agents such as thioridazine and chlorpromazine are more likely to cause sedation, confusion, delirium, postural hypotension and peripheral anticholinergic effects. The new antipsychotic agents (atypical neuroleptics) such as risperidone, clozapine and olanzapine appear to have efficacy either superior to the traditional neuroleptics or are generally comparable with fewer side-effects. These results however refer to clinical studies in patients with schizophrenia and they have not yet been tested with demented population in well controlled trials.
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PMID:["Judicious" use of neuroleptic drugs in the treatment of behavioral symptoms in the course of Alzheimer disease]. 984 48

Psychotic symptoms occur in up to 40% of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and other degenerative parkinsonian disorders, usually but not exclusively in the context of their pharmacologic treatment. We describe the following six psychotic syndromes in PD based on existing literature: (1) hallucinations with preserved insight; (2) medication-induced psychotic disorders (in clear consciousness); (3) delirium; (4) schizophrenia-like psychotic disorders (in clear consciousness and in the absence of medication treatment); (5) schizophrenia with subsequent development of PD; and (6) other psychotic disorders. Psychosis in PD has been noted to be a marker for illness deterioration. Psychotic symptoms can profoundly affect the quality of life for PD patients and their families and may increase the economic burden of this illness. Various approaches have been used to treat psychotic symptoms in PD. We critically review this literature, which is limited, but includes studies indicating promise for "atypical" antipsychotics in these patients. Further elucidation of the phenomenology, course, pathophysiology, and treatment of the different psychotic disorders in PD is urgently needed.
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PMID:Psychoses in Parkinson's Disease. 1008 90

Among 27,692 patients suffering from alcoholism, delirium tremens occurs only in 8.1% of the cases. From 2417 patients with this psychosis repeated delirium tremens was noted in 12.9%. In the studied group (n = 2417) delirium tremens was observed in men (84.2%) 5.3 times more often than in women (15.8%). The mean age of the onset of the delirium was 43.2 years in women and was older than in the group of men (42.0 years). Age distribution of the disease onset in men and women follows a curve of normal distribution. In 125 patients with schizophrenia combined with delirium tremens there was a high rate of repeated alcoholic delirium (22.4%), epileptic seizures (21.6%), diabetes mellitus of type II (10.4%). These facts confirm the role of hereditary predisposition to development of delirium tremens and allow to relate alcoholic delirium to multifactorial diseases.
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PMID:[The role of genetic factors in the manifestation of delirium tremens]. 1053 12

A 36-y-o patient with schizophrenia, who had consumed gradually increasing quantities of oolong tea that eventually reached 15 L each day, became delirious and was admitted to a psychiatric hospital. After abstinence from oolong tea his delirium resolved. He was transferred to our hospital when he was discovered to have acute renal failure with hyponatremia (118 mEq/L) and severe rhabdomyolysis (creatine phosphokinase, 227,200 IU/L). On admission rhabdomyolysis had begun to improve despite a worsening of the hyponatremia (113 mEq/L). With aggressive supportive therapy, including hypertonic saline administration and hemodialysis, the patient fully recovered without detectable sequelae. The clinical course suggests that caffeine, which is present in oolong tea, was mainly responsible for the rhabdomyolysis as well as the delirium, although severe hyponatremia has been reported to cause rhabdomyolysis on rare occasions. We hypothesize that caffeine toxicity injured the muscle cells, which were fragile due to the potassium depletion induced by the coexisting hyponatremia, to result in unusually severe rhabdomyolysis. The possibility of severe rhabdomyolysis should be considered in a patient with water intoxication due to massive ingestion of caffeine-containing beverages.
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PMID:Severe rhabdomyolysis following massive ingestion of oolong tea: caffeine intoxication with coexisting hyponatremia. 1059 46

In general somatic hospital the prevalence of litigious nosogenic reactions (LNR) was 4,3 pro mille. It was examined 52 cases of LNR. Paranoic (overvalued and delirious) disorders were the main ones in clinical picture of LNR. Two forms of motivation were noted: rental disorders (demand of money compensation of the loss resultant from somatic disease) and equitable ones (revelation of the damage due to actions of medical personnel). Among the patients with rental LNR (43 persons) the individuals with hysteric disorders of personality (hysterical psychopathy) were mainly found. Meanwhile among the patients with equitable LNR (9) there were patients with slow-progredient psychopathic-like schizophrenia inclined to the development of paranoic reactions and with litigious-paranoic tendencies. The development of rental LNR was seen in comparatively favourable course of somatic diseases which was not connected with invalidism or considerable loss of ability to work. In somatic diseases, when equitable LNR were formed, it was not possible to reveal a preference in severity of the course of somatic disease.
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PMID:[Litigious nosogenic reaction]. 1062 24

Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disease severe and disabling, which affects young adults. It is a frequent disease which, due to its disabling nature concerns as well the society, the family as the individual. We have gone throughout the files of 61 inpatients in the psychiatric department of the National Hospital Centre Yalgado Ouedraogo of Ouagadougou, using the diagnosis of schizophrenia according the criteria of the World Health Organization. The aim of our study was to draw up the socio-demographic profiles and the symptoms of these schizophrenic patients. Our results emphasize the importance of delirious productions (80.3%) and disorders of the perceptive field, particularly auditive hallucinations (51.5%) in the semiology of the disease. On the diagnostic plan, paranoid forms prevailed (74.5%) in our series. The long course of the schizophrenia process preceding the consultation often makes the diagnosis easy at the patient's arrival. Clinical forms with noisy symptomatology, usually not much tolerated by families, often ask for medical care, sometimes after unsuccessful traditional therapy.
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PMID:[Clinical aspects of adult schizophrenia in the psychiatric service at the Yalgado Ouedraogo National Hospital Center of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)]. 1079 61

Visual perceptual abnormalities may be caused by diverse etiologies which span the fields of psychiatry and neurology. This article reviews the differential diagnosis of visual perceptual abnormalities from both a neurological and a psychiatric perspective. Psychiatric etiologies include mania, depression, substance dependence, and schizophrenia. Common neurological causes include migraine, epilepsy, delirium, dementia, tumor, and stroke. The phenomena of palinopsia, oscillopsia, dysmetropsia, and polyopia among others are also reviewed. A systematic approach to the many causes of illusions and hallucinations may help to achieve an accurate diagnosis, and a more focused evaluation and treatment plan for patients who develop visual perceptual abnormalities. This article provides the practicing neurologist with a practical understanding and approach to patients with these clinical symptoms.
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PMID:Visual perceptual abnormalities: hallucinations and illusions. 1087 81

Ms M is a young female patient (born 1968) with paranoid schizophrenia. The first acute psychotic episode, which involved marked delirium, was treated with an atypical antipsychotic agent. During the next year, renewed hospitalisation and treatment with two other antipsychotics resulted only in partial improvement, and troublesome adverse effects were noted. Amelioration of all symptoms, both psychotic and debilitating, was finally obtained through prescription of a third atypical antipsychotic with which the patient was highly satisfied. We examine the value of first-line treatment of schizophrenia with atypical antipsychotics as of the first acute episodes of acute delirium in the light of current data in the literature.
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PMID:[Natural evolution of paranoid schizophrenia treated consecutively with 4 different neuroleptics]. 1106 44

Between January 1999 and May 2000, the Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Foundation LAREB received five reports of patients with clozapine intoxication attributed to inflammation. The reports all concerned men with schizophrenia, aged 63, 54, 41, 45 en 42 years. The occurrence of increased clozapine levels during inflammation, and normalisation after recovery, strongly suggest a causal relationship. No other possible explanations were found. A three to five-fold increase occurred in most instances, but one patient experienced a ten-fold increase compared with the basal levels of clozapine. Three of the patients developed a delirium as an intoxication symptom, probably due to anticholinergic effects on the central nervous system. In case of an inflammatory reaction in patients on clozapine treatment, the physician should be aware of the possibility of clozapine intoxication and delirium. Measuring clozapine levels during infection and dosing based on these levels can minimise the adverse effects of clozapine intoxication.
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PMID:[Delirium due to increase in clozapine level during an inflammatory reaction]. 1125 99


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