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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The author examined 60 patients with attack-form schizophrenia whose clinical picture was predominantly characterized by definite compulsions (dromomania, kleptomania, suicidomania, homicidomania, compulsive sexual disturbances, compulsion in relation to eating). Compulsions were most often first manifested at the age of 14 to 30 years. The results have shown that in the majority of cases compulsions developed in the presence of affective states in the form of melancholic, dysphoric, apathetic or adynamic depression, less commonly in the structure of affective delirious syndromes.
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PMID:[Psychopathology and clinical picture of impulsive tendencies during schizophrenia]. 342 83

On the basis of a clinical follow-up of juvenile schizophrenia first manifested in delirious states with a picture of sensitive delirium of attitude (65 patients) the author has determined the stages of its development in youth and characteristics of the psychopathological structure of delirious disturbances which are poorly systematized and are still to be researched; the condition is characterized by a combination of elements of sensitive and interpretative delirium. The author has established a close correlation between the contents of delirium in these cases and the pubertal age, a peculiar nature of delirious constructions similar to super-worship formations, as well as a distinctive involvement of affective disturbances and catathymic psychic disorders in their formation. It has been shown that the pubertal age is pathogenetically significant with regard to the manifestations, course, and dynamics of the given variant of sensitive delirium of attitude.
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PMID:[Sensory delirium of attitude in adolescence (problems of phenomenology and its dynamics)]. 343 78

Psychiatric disorders induced by drugs are of most concern when they occur in the context of therapeutic use of a drug. Such iatrogenic psychiatric disturbances may interfere considerably with the treatment of the primary illness and may cause concern to patients, their relatives and the medical staff. Because many drugs are often used simultaneously in seriously ill patients, it may be difficult to be sure which drug may have been responsible. The best procedure is to remove those drugs which are most probable causes of the psychiatric disturbances as well as any drugs that are not truly essential for the treatment of the patient. Problems involved in evaluating the relationship between use of drugs and psychiatric disorders are considerable. Many reports are isolated cases and the denominators which might provide some idea of the potential risk are unknown. Many relationships are still controversial, such as the association of depression with sedatives, antihypertensives and oral contraceptives. Areas of uncertainty are great. Psychomotor impairment may be caused by a drug that can alter consciousness, or any drugs that can produce more delineated psychiatric syndromes. Sedative drugs are those most commonly associated with psychomotor impairment, and may include psychotherapeutic drugs, sedative antihistamines, narcotic analgesics and, of course, the widely used social drug, alcohol. Delirious states are most often associated with drugs that possess central anticholinergic actions. These include not only drugs clearly identified as anticholinergics, but also tricyclic antidepressants and anti-Parkinson drugs. Cimetidine, which is often used parenterally in seriously ill patients, is also a prominent cause. Delirium is most often seen in elderly patients and in those who have received rather large doses of drugs. The association of schizophrenic-like psychoses with dopaminomimetic drugs tends to support the prevailing dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia. Levodopa, the dopamine precursor, and bromocriptine, a direct dopamine agonist, are examples of such relationships. Abuse of social drugs has also been thought to provide a useful model of schizophrenia. Hallucinogens are probably a rather poor model, abuse of amphetamines may provide a better model, and possibly the best is the psychotic state elicited by phencyclidine. Manic reactions are clinically difficult to differentiate from schizophrenic-like psychoses and are often produced by similar drugs. Corticosteroids may produce either manic or schizophrenic-like disorders, as well as occasionally confusion and depression.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Drug-induced psychiatric disorders and their management. 354 May 20

Of 104 patients treated in a psychiatric hospital because of mental disturbances caused by an infection, almost one-half had been referred directly to the psychiatric hospital on account of their psychically abnormal behaviour. The infectious disease causing these disturbances was diagnosed only after their admission. In most of the cases the psychic abnormalities did not seem to be due to a physical cause, so that the somatic examination was frequently delayed. Pneumonic infections were most frequently seen, but there were also numerous other infections from all other disciplines of medicine. Clouding of consciousness developed rapidly in 84% of the patients during the course of inpatient treatment with an incidence that was almost fivefold that of the initial stage. Visual hallucinations (37%) were the most frequent productive-psychotic phenomenon. 45% of the patients presented with a delirious pattern and 4% with a psychosis resembling schizophrenia. In 35% of the patients treatment with psychotropic drugs proved necessary, whereas with the remaining 65% therapy remained antibiotic or generally somatic only. 18% of the patients died.
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PMID:[Infection-caused mental disorders. Are they still topical in the antibiotic era?]. 356 70

On the basis of a comparative analysis of aggravated familial history in cases of paranoiac and neurosis-like schizophrenia (73 families in the main and control groups), the authors established accumulation of disturbances of "the paranoid spectrum" (delirious, paranoiac psychoses, paranoid anomalies of the personality) predominant in the families of the main group. This fact is interpreted in favour of a considerable role of constitutional and genetic factors in the genesis of paranoiac schizophrenia.
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PMID:[Clinico-geneaological study of paranoid schizophrenia]. 370 32

Acute anticholinergic delirium has been reported to occur following ingestion of antidepressants, neuroleptics and antiparkinsonian drugs in toxic and therapeutic doses. A case is described of a chronic central anticholinergic syndrome in a patient receiving a combination of such drugs. This chronic anticholinergic toxicity was superimposed on manic depressive illness which resulted in incorrect diagnoses including schizophrenia and dementia and, accordingly, improper management. Diagnosis of central anticholinergic toxicity may be overlooked in psychiatric patients because the symptoms of toxicity can be incorrectly ascribed to psychiatric illness. It may also be overlooked in elderly patients who are prone to demonstrate confusion and problems with memory. The recognition of this syndrome in the patient reported, at least nine years after it developed, led to appropriate management which ultimately resulted in a dramatic change in her ability to function.
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PMID:Chronic central anticholinergic toxicity in manic depressive illness mimicking dementia. 370 28

Out of 908 patients with sepsis treated at the Republican Antisepsis Center, 19 presented with different schizophrenia syndromes (2 with acute delirium, 3 with encephalic manifestations, 3 with the amentive-catatonic form, the remainder with the amentive-depressive form). In 6 patients, psychic disorders preceded fever, in 3 patients, both conditions occurred simultaneously, and 9 developed psychosis in the presence of fever. In all the patients, with the exception of one, the diagnosis of sepsis was supported by repeated isolation of hecocultures of S. epidermidis (14 cases) and S. aureus (4 cases). The patients received antisepsis treatment. Two patients died and the rest 17 patients were cured of sepsis. The schizophrenic syndrome disappeared. No relapses were recorded with the exception of one female patient, in whom both sepsis and psychic disorders recurred. Later on, however, she also recovered.
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PMID:[Schizophrenia syndromes caused by infection]. 371 38

Using a clinico-psychopathological method, the author studied some aspects of psychopathology and clinical typology of manic states characteristic of old age. The work is based on an analysis of 154 manic phases developing in 30 patients with endogenic psychoses (paroxysmal schizophrenia - 13 cases and manic-depressive psychosis - 17 cases) at the age over 50 years. Four types of manic states observed in advanced age were identified: merry or simple mania, wrathful mania, mania with expansive fantastic delirium and a senile type of mania. A certain correlation was elucidated between the identified types of manic states and some clinical characteristics associated with age.
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PMID:[Clinico-psychopathologic features of manic states in old age]. 371 4

Patients with paroxysmal progressive schizophrenia running with delirious attacks were divided into a group with only delirious attacks (a variant of delirious "cliche") and a group with a combination of different forms of attacks. A comparative clinico-statistical analysis showed an identical prevalence of both variants in men and women and a more progressive pattern of the disease in these variants as compared to the general population of patients with paroxysmal schizophrenia. The variant of the delirious "cliche" is pathogenetically rather homogeneous; the disease in this cases runs with fewer attacks.
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PMID:[Clinico-demographic characteristics of a group of patients with paroxysmal and progressive schizophrenia accompanied by delusional episodes (epidemiologic study)]. 373 83

The authors studied the characteristics of the hereditary aggravation in probands with schizophrenia first manifested with acute delirious or acute verbal hallucinosis. They also considered the incidence of manifest and latent forms of schizophrenia and the rate of personality anomalies in families of probands with the differentiation of schizoid anomalies by the predominance of sthenic and asthenic features. The frequency of coincidence of the patterns of schizophrenic process among relatives was determined and the data obtained were compared with those in probands from each group. The comparative analysis has shown that the familial background of the studied group of probands reflects the following regularities characteristic of schizophrenia; an increase in the frequency of psychoses of the schizophrenic spectrum as against that in the general population, accumulation of homonomous types of the schizophrenia course and the presence in relatives of abnormalities of the schizophrenic nature. This justifies the referral of the studied forms of psychoses to schizophrenic diseases.
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PMID:[Family background of schizophrenic patients displaying acute delusional and hallucinatory psychoses]. 382 99


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