Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 39-year-old female with several past psychiatric hospitalization for schizophrenia was admitted to our hospital because of severe pain and swelling of her legs. A few days before onset, she had often sat down upon her heels in water closet, agitated and talking to herself for many hours. Two days before the admission, she had suffered from severe pain and swelling of her bilateral calf-muscles, and her urine became brownish. On admission, neurological findings revealed delirious state, moderate rigidity of limbs, hyporeflexia of legs, marked swelling and severe spontaneous pain in bilateral legs. She was afebrile with body temperature of 36.4 degrees C. Laboratory data showed marked increase of levels of serum CK to 163,000 U/1, myoglobin to 9,860 ng/ml and aldolase to 42.8 IU/1, and the diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis was made. Although she fell into acute renal failure, the renal function recovered after repeated hemodialysis. Several days after admission, swelling and pain of calf-muscles began to improve, and serum CK, myoglobin and aldolase decreased rapidly. One month later, she was able to walk on her own legs. In the literature, rhabdomyolysis associated with immobile posture caused by schizophrenia is extremely rare, and this is the first case reported in Japan. The relationship between rhabdomyolysis and schizophrenia was discussed.
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PMID:[A case of rhabdomyolysis following long time immobile posture caused by schizophrenia]. 259 45

According to the psycho-pharmacological characteristics, indications, counterindications and side-effects of fluophenazine dihydrochloride, the authors present the results of a simple-blind study of Lyorodin--Jenapharm in a series of 30 in-patients of both sexes, aged between 30 and 65 years. Nosologically, there were cases of schizophrenia and post-process states, delirious hallucinatory syndromes of involution and asthenodithymic syndromes. The drug under the form of pills of 1 and 4 mg was given at average doses of 2-4 mg up to 6-10 mg for 28 days under clinical surveillance and laboratory tests. The estimation of the clinical results revealed the improvement of the symptoms in all investigated cases, a favourable evolution, low incidence and intensity of its side-effects, good tolerance and clinical efficacy comparable to that of Lyogen.
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PMID:[Clinical observations on treatment with flufenazin dihydrochloride (Lyorodin--Jenapharm)]. 263 70

Psychopathologic and nosologic issues of acute paranoid and Kandinsky-Clerambault syndromes are discussed on the background of clinical studies of 225 schizophrenic patients with these syndromes being initial manifestations. The data on the syndromes typology, clinical value and prognosis of acute delirious disorders are presented. These are shown to be not confined to progredient schizophrenia, including its paranoid form. Rather, they can manifest a course of the disease unspecific for schizophrenia, the so-called schizophrenic reactions and phasic states thus reflecting the course of latent schizophrenia. A differentiated approach to clinical and psychopathological analysis of acute delirious syndromes in schizophrenia is essential for adequate choice of medicosocial measures and epidemiologic investigations.
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PMID:[Clinico-diagnostic evaluation of acute delirious syndromes in schizophrenia]. 271 68

Medical charts of 387 in-patients (schizophrenia n = 284, tardive dyskinesia, TD, n = 48), were analyzed to evaluate efficacy and adverse effects of clozapine. These patients were previously treated with between two and four other neuroleptics and were either therapy resistant or had severe side effects. Schizophrenic patients were treated with clozapine for 48 +/- 35 (TD 49 +/- 40) days, dosage was 189 +/- 119 (TD 220 +/- 176) mg. Four per cent showed worsening, 13% no change, 38% slight improvement, 42% marked improvement and 3% nearly total reduction of symptoms. In TD, 44% showed marked improvement, but only in 17% the drug was superior to previous neuroleptics. Adverse effects occurred in 56% of patients. Most frequent were sedation (17%), EEG alterations (16%), increase of liver enzymes (8%), hypotension (7%), hypersalivation (5%), fever (5%), ECG alterations (4%), tachycardia (3%), gastro-intestinal (3%) and delirious states (2%). A gradual increase in dosage seems to considerably reduce the incidence of some side effects. Clozapine treatment had to be discontinued because of severe side effects in 5.9%. In none of these patients did serious complications such as agranulocytosis occur. Only EEG alterations were significantly related to clozapine dosage (P less than 0.0005). At dismissal, most patients continued to receive clozapine; only in 22% (TD 20%) was it replaced by another neuroleptic. Thus, the ratio benefit/risk of clozapine treatment seems to be satisfactory in most of the negatively selected patients. Nevertheless, a gradual increase in dosage and careful control of hematological and other variables is highly recommended.
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PMID:Efficacy and adverse effects of clozapine in the treatment of schizophrenia and tardive dyskinesia--a retrospective study of 387 patients. 281 68

In this updating review of research on cannabis particular attention has been paid to the increasing number of studies of the disposition of the components of cannabis in man, as well as possible effects on health. Specific binding sites for cannaboids have not been demonstrated. Approximately 80 metabolites of tetrahydrocannabiol (THC) have been discovered, of which 11-OH-THC is the main metabolite, but it contributes little to the overall effect when the drug is smoked or given intravenously. The minimum plasma level of THC associated with the psychotropic effect is 25 ng/ml. Cannabis may produce directly an acute panic reaction, a toxic delirium, and acute paranoid state, or acute mania. Cannabis use may aggrevate schizophrenia, but it is much less certain whether it can lead to sociopathy or even to "amotivational syndrome". Despite widespread use of cannabis in virtually all parts of the world, no catastrophic effects on health have been noted. Cannabis appears to be relatively safe as compared with current social drugs. It is, however, still too early in the history of the present episode of cannabis use to be sanguine about possible bad effects.
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PMID:Cannabis--1988. 285 50

The formation of remissions of recurrent schizophrenia was studied over time in 32 adolescents (12-17 years of age). Over the period of follow-up (4-8 years) the author analyzed 23 affective-oneiric and 50 affective-delirious attacks of schizophrenia and traced the history of patients at the age of 18-23 years. Following attacks of recurrent schizophrenia all patients presented a gradual formation of remissions. At the first stages continuous affective disturbances were well pronounced. In the course of their subsidence, 1.5-2 years after the end of attacks the patients were characterized by mild personality changes and a slight decrease in the energy potential as compared to its high premorbid level. A number of therapeutic-adaptational recommendations has been developed for the management of patients with recurrent schizophrenia in the period of remission formation.
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PMID:[Clinico-catamnestic study of the development of remissions in adolescents suffering recurrent schizophrenia]. 286 47

In order to expand the possibilities of the treatment of resistant hypochondriac schizophrenia, the author developed a new method of multiple modality therapy which is based on the use of the rebound effectiveness of atropine comas. It consists of a course of atropine comatose therapy and a subsequent intensive medicamentous therapy in the form of intravenous instillation of psychotropic agents. This treatment was given to 36 patients with slowly progressive hypochondriac schizophrenia, whose clinical manifestations were restricted to a picture of non-delirious hypochondria. In most cases (82%) the treatment yielded a positive effect. The method was the most effective in patients with syndromes of obsessive and hysterical hypochondria as well as in those with cenesthopathic conditions. The use of therapy in rigid hypochondria proved poorly effective.
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PMID:[The place of atropine coma therapy in the complex treatment of hypochondriacal schizophrenia (non-delusional hypochondriasis)]. 287 78

The article deals with the typology of asthenic disturbances that determine for a long time the clinical picture of slowly progressive schizophrenia. Two types of asthenia (extensive and limited) have been identified as a result. With regard to clinical peculiarities these manifestations can be collated respectively with "pseudoneurasthenia" and "autochtonous asthenia". The author has analyzed the dynamics of these variants of the asthenic symptom complex to which, with the progression of the process, disturbances of the non-delirious hypochondria type are added. The author has established the relationship between clinical features of asthenia and the degree of progression of the process and a differing structure of negative changes formed at late stages of the disease. The first type (extensive asthenia) is observed in the framework of slowly progressive neurosis-like schizophrenia with manifestations of a moderate asthenic defect. The second type (limited asthenia) is noted in psychopathy-like slowly progressive schizophrenia associated with signs of greater progression and psychopathy-like changes of the "verschoben-type" with intellectual reduction.
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PMID:[Torpid schizophrenia with a predominance of asthenic disorders]. 290 Nov 79

Clinical and epidemiological investigations of mentally ill patients in old and new cities of northern Tyumen Province have revealed a substantial and peculiar impact of demographic dynamics on the indices of hospital dynamics. Thus, the schizophrenia morbidity appeared more than threefold lower in fast-developing cities (Nizhnevartovsk, Surgut, Nefteiugansk) compared to the old ones (Tobolsk, Tyumen). In the former group of cities, the attack form of the disease prevailed. Characteristically, environmental factors played major role in the onset of the disease. The patients were highly adapted in social terms. Alcoholism turned malignant with adaptation disorders progressing rapidly and involving a peculiar type of anosognosia. Alcoholic delirium took shape on the background of an "incomplete" clinical picture of predisposing alcoholism. Adaptation disorders preceded the delirium in which psychotic disorders were colored psycho-organically.
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PMID:[Clinico-epidemiologic characteristics of mental diseases in one of the regions of western Siberia]. 321 21

On the basis of clinico-epidemiological, clinico-dynamic and clinico-catamnestic study of 184 patients with schizoaffective variants of schizophrenia (cyclothymia-like, affective-paranoid, hallucinatory-delirious, and with catatonic symptomatology) the authors come to the conclusion on the relative homogeneity of this cohort of patients and on the considerably frequent favourable outcomes of this disease. The variants of the disease and structure of remissions of each of the clinical variants have been compared. Assessment of inter-attack clinical characteristics and the degree of social and occupational adaptation has made it possible to divide the patients into 3 groups differing by adaptational parameters. The results obtained may be used in the development of the system of rehabilitative measures in any of the aforesaid variants of schizophrenia.
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PMID:[Comparative clinical, social and work characteristics of patients with schizoaffective variants of schizophrenia]. 336 2


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