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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cerebral embolism can manifest itself in certain cases as pure psychosis. In the absence of neurological symptoms it might be mistaken for schizophrenia or manic-depressive psychosis. Cardiac disease and cardiac surgery involve a high risk of embolism. Microembolism plays a special role with extracorporal circulation. There is a significant increase of postoperative psychosis in cases with E.C.C. in comparison to closed heart surgery. Immediately post-operatively there occurs what has been described as the "catastrophic reaction" or "immobilization syndrome". This reaction is in fact an akinetic, parkinsonian-like state for which there is good evidence that it is due to transient microembolism of the basal ganglia ("striatum apoplexy"). After its disappearance around the 3rd--5th day "cardiac psychoses" (cardiac delirium) may manifest themselves. Patients who develop these "late" psychoses have a significantly higher correlation with endogenous psychoses in their family histories. On the psychopathological level--in the absence of disturbances of consciousness and orientation--it is not possible to differentiate between "exogenous" and "endogenous" psychosis. A special type of psychopathological reaction is dependent, as in neurological disease, on the severity of brain damage, its localization and on hereditary factors.
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PMID:[Cerebral embolism and psychosis with special reference to cardiac surgery (author's transl)]. 6 Dec 57

A case is reported of a patient with carcinoid syndrome who developed a exogenous psychosis while under treatment with the serotonin-inhibitor p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA). Partial symptoms similar to delirium and schizophrenia were exhibited. The attached literature survey focuses on the psychological side effects of PCPA treatment. A discussion follows concerning noteworthy phenomenological similarities between the case reported and certain forms of amphetamine psychosis. Common biochemical mechanisms are hypothetically stated.
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PMID:[Exogenous psychosis in a patient with carcinoid syndrome following treatment with p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA)]. 13 50

The disappearance of hysterical madness, in the second decade of our century, was related to the emergence of the tentacular concept of schizophrenia. The case of Marie-Christine, a young girl whose delirium calls to mind the imaginary in witchcraft, prompts us to question upon the pertinency of abandonning the nosological entity "hysterical madness". We are attempting to show that, thanks to the Lacanian contribution in the theory of psychose, it is now becoming possible to distinguish between the latter and hysterical madness, this through the various and different aspects of the onset of the illness, of the fundamental mechanism, of the characteristics of the delirium, of the transference, of morbid anxiety.. That is why, to us, there seems to be a perceptible difference between the delirious hysteric who cannot manage to inhabit his sexed body, and the psychotic who has not succeeded in getting a grasp on the symbolic. Moreover, it seems that there is a close continuity from ordinary hysteria to hysterical madness, so that in the latter the delirium would not be the illness itself but only a symptom.
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PMID:[In favor of rehabilitation of the entity of "folie hysterique"]. 59 58

Several authors have attempted to establish a correlation between glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency and chronic schizophrenia, and the results were contradictory. We propose that the correlation between G-6-PD deficiency and schizophrenia is to be found in the form of an acute delirium.
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PMID:Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency with psychosis. 97 Oct 29

During the fiscal year 1 April 1972 to 31 March 1973, 22,210 ECT treatments in 3,438 series were given in Denmark (6-46 treatments per series). Indications for treatment were: endogenous depression, acute delirium, mania, hysterical psychosis, reactive depression and schizophrenia. Unilateral ECT was used in more than half of the departments concerned. Two treatments were given weekly. The types of apparatus and anaesthesia techniques used are described. One death, which had questionable relation to the ECT, was reported, and other complications were few and mild. The advantages of ECT compared to tricyclic antidepressants are described, including the higher percentage of remissions or improvements in the treatment of endogenous depressions (about 80 per cent for ECT compared to about 60 per cent for tricyclic antidepressants). Little risk was found in out-patient administration of ECT. With present techniques and unilateral placement of electrodes out-patient ECT may be recommended for wider use than before.
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PMID:Electroconvulsive therapy in Denmark. 125 87

Long before the era of heart surgery began, "cardiac psychoses" were known and described. They do not differ at all from postoperative psychoses after heart-surgery. On the other hand heart-surgery carries a far higher incidence of psychiatric complications than general surgery (general surgery 0,1--1,0%; heart surgery 10--60%). There is no reason to believe that the intensive care unit plays a decisive role in the origin of postoperative cardiac psychoses. Among 150 patients there were 60=40%, who did not show any psychiatric symptoms after surgery. These were exposed to the same environment of the intensive care unit as were the patients who developped symptoms. There were however correlations of statistical significance between "cardiac psychoses" and 1. an occurrence of endogenous psychoses in the family with first degree relatives or in the life history of the patient himself, 2 higher grade of severity of heart disease, 3. extra corporal circulation, 4. higher age, 5. male sex. Postoperative cardiac psychoses are mainly of the type of exogenous psychoses (akuter exogener Reaktionstyp Bonhoeffer). There is no doubt that psychological, reactive and environmental factors do play a certain role too. This is shown by the character of delusions and hallucinations which frequently reflect the postoperative situation. Persecutory delusions with the fear of being killed and ideas and fears of severe body mutilation are the most common motives. Similar motives are frequently observed in postoperative dreams. The manifestations of mental disease in the family or personal history of the patient is considered a significant presupposition of developing a cardiac psychosis of the type of endogenous depression, acute delirium or with schizophrenia like delusions.
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PMID:[Mental and neurological disorders associated with heart operations. Pre- and postoperative studies]. 126 55

A study was made of burns patients who were referred for psychiatric problems. There were a total of 69 subjects, divided into three groups. The first group comprised thirty-four cases who attempted suicide by burning themselves--there were more women than men, the majority were less than forty years, and Indians were overrepresented. The majority of these were suffering from schizophrenia or a major depressive disorder. The second group of twenty-three patients were those who had a non-psychotic psychological reaction to their burns. The majority were also less than 40 years of age, and the main reactions were anxiety neurosis or reactive depression. The third group of twelve patients were suffering from delirium. All were pyrexic and in eleven, infective agents were cultured. Some of them also had electrolyte abnormalities and two had respiratory burns.
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PMID:Psychiatric disorders associated with burns. 129 99

Based on clinico-psychopathological and catamnestic examinations of 118 patients, the authors studied and compared the characteristics of the clinical picture, dynamics and outcome of schizophrenia and acute alcoholic hallucinosis associated with delirious, hallucinatory and pseudohallucinatory disorders of homosexual nature. Base the prognostic importance of psychopathological phenomena of homosexual nature in patients with schizophrenia and acute alcoholic hallucinosis. The rise in the clinical picture of schizophrenia and acute alcoholic hallucinosis of the portion of psychopathological phenomena of homosexual nature, not entering the number of permanent and necessary manifestations of the indicated clinico-nosological forms of psychoses, occurring, however, in the rudimentary form may be viewed as a manifestation of pathomorphism. It has been demonstrated that if schizophrenia and acute alcoholic hallucinosis are associated with psychopathological phenomena of homosexual nature, this may enhance the risk of the committing by the patients of grave aggressive and suicidal actions.
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PMID:[The clinical characteristics of schizophrenia and acute alcoholic hallucinosis occurring with psychopathological phenomena of a homosexual content]. 133 36

Surveys of psychiatric population had previously shown a high incidence of patients with low serum vitamin B12. A variety of psychiatric syndromes have been described, ranging from mild disturbance in mood state like depression to maniacal excitement; psychotic conditions like paranoid states and schizophrenia; and cognitive dysfunctions such as memory defect, delirium and dementia. A case of a 67-year-old Chinese lady suffering from pernicious anaemia, but presenting with prominent paranoid delusions is reported. Treatment with cyanocobalamine and anti-psychotic medication led to prompt resolution of her psychotic experience. Subsequently she developed a transient depressive syndrome which also responded well to a short course of antidepressant.
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PMID:Psychiatric syndromes in pernicious anaemia--a case report. 159 18

As many as 60 patients suffering from dysmorphomania were examined. The patients' age ranged from 17 to 61 years at the moment of examination. Analysis of the disease course has demonstrated that all the patients suffered from attack-like progredient schizophrenia. Depending on the structure of the attacks and dynamics of dysmorphomania two clinical groups were distinguished. In group I, the disease picture was specified by mainly affective attacks; dysmorphomania occurred at the adolescent (more rarely at the juvenile) age. It was characterized by a tendency towards complication, with a progressive deactualization in repeated attacks of the disease. In group II, the disease manifested itself by complication of the attacks which progressed from affective ones to the states of depression with interpretive paranoid or (and) affective-paranoid attacks. The syndrome of dysmorphomania occurred at varying age and was marked by diversity of manifestations, complication in the attacks that followed (fabula expansion, formation of hypochondriac delirium coinciding with dysmorphomania in the subject matter). The given group was characterized by progredient course of schizophrenia.
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PMID:[Characteristics of the course of recurrent-progressive schizophrenia with the dysmorphomania syndrome]. 164 20


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