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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

On the basis of a clinical follow-up study of 384 patients with cyclothymia and schizophrenia with the picture of larvated depressions the author distinguishes 5 groups of somatovegetative sensations according to anatomo-physiological projections: cardiovascular (37%), neurological (32%), abdominal (23%), bone-muscular (5%), skin (3%). The traits of pathological sensations, imitating genuine somatoneurological pathology is discussed in a differential diagnostic aspect.
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PMID:[Latent endogenous depressions. I. Pseudoorganic neurosomatic symptomatology]. 67 12

On the basis of clinico-catamnestical study of 384 patients with cyclothymia (96 cases), schizoaffective psychoses (104 cases) and shift-like schizophrenia (184 cases) with the syndrome of larvate depression the author describes the autodevelopment of syndromes beginning from astheno-vegetative, cenestopathic up to delusional-hypochondriacal. Due to the obtained data and literature data the author bases the clinico-scientific continuity of the problem of larvate depressions with the most ancient problem of hypochondria. The independency of larvate depressions as a separate disease is being denied.
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PMID:[Latent endogenous depressions. II. Clinical systematics]. 69 10

Slowly progressive schizophrenia in children is marked in 45.5% of all the cases. This form of development usually cannotes a favourably developing variant of continuous and attack-like schizophrenia, characterized by a gradual increase of psychopath-like (schizoid) personality changes. For this reason it is necessary to differentiate the diagnosis of schizophrenia with the dynamics of psychopathy in children. The paper contains data of some criteria of a differential diagnosis of slowly progressive schizophrenia in relation to early childhood autism, psychic infantilism, obsessional neurosis, pathologically developing age crises and cyclothymia in children.
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PMID:[Differential diagnosis of slowly progressive schizophrenia in children]. 71 27

The hypothesis of a hereditary mutative enzyme disturbance which becomes effective via biochemical, for peristatic influences susceptible cerebral mechanisms, is compatible with all findings. The evidences are stated. Schizophrenia is a predominantly hereditary disease. The findings of the family and twin research confirm this statement, in particular the difference of the concordance figures with monovular and binovular twins, furthermore the existence of substrate-close basic disturbances with their analogies to cerebro-organic symptomatology, the frequency and structure of pure residual syndromes and the results of clinical-encephalographic correlation examinations. Slightly marked internal brain atrophies which can be demonstrated by pneumo- and echoencephalogram can be correlated with the "pure defect" which is the most frequent residual syndrome of schizophrenic diseases. A geneticly conditioned cerebral enzyme defect can cause an atrophy in the region of the limbic system; however, a merely functional decompensation of a cerebral enzyme disturbance, without atrophy is imaginable in a part of the schizophrenia and cyclothymia. In certain active basic stages the EEG reveals abnormal rhythms ("parenrhythmiae"), which also allow a topical classification to functional structures of the limbic system. The non-characteristic organic "pure potential reduction" is irreversible, the typically schizophrenic syndromes potentially reversible. Basic disturbances and basic syndromes are in prodromes and outpost syndromes prior to manifestation of psychosis and after their remission the actually primary symptoms. The typically schizophrenic syndrome results from the amalgamation of the basal functional disturbance with the "anthropological matrix", partly provoked by - also non-specific - stress factors. The substrate-close basic symptoms: coenesthesias, perception disorders, zentral-vegetative dysregulations and cognitive primary disturbances can be seen as expression of a pathologically altered cerebral function in the region of the integrative system which is responsible for the regulation of the cerebral filter and protection processes.
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PMID:[Evidences for the somatosis hypothesis of schizophrenia (author's transl)]. 77 Feb 96

Schizophrenia and its variations, the different concepts and criteria for the diagnosis of schizophrenia and the possibilities of "prognostic diagnosis" at the beginning of the disease are discussed. There is only a differential typology between schizophrenia and cyclothymia and no sharp differential diagnosis. The numerous attempts to separate the two large groups of disease types are critically reported. Uncharacteristically pure residual states which leave the center of personality intact are more frequent than typical schizophrenic personality changes; the majority of schizophrenic patients are socially cured after more than two decades. More recent investigations on the course lead to an approximation to the concept of the "homogenous psychosis" and compel a greater observation of the "stratification rule" in the diagnosis.
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PMID:[Nosology of schizophrenia (author's transl)]. 82 17

In order to get information about the premorbid personality of patients with endogenous psychosis, we examined the adjective check list of von Zerssen with regard to form and content on a sample of 126 schizophrenic and 31 affective-psychotic patients. The data gathering occured through retrospective evaluation by a close relative of each patient. One aim of the study was the development of a psychometric instrument in order to construct clinically relevant scales, which would allow us to objectify characterizations of the premorbid personality of patients with psychic illness. Another aim was to test the validity of this instrument by investigating the coherence between the obtained test results and the corresponding clinical psychiatric judgments of experts in the form of diagnoses. Finally, we sought to determine if typical premorbid characteristic features give a predisposition for specific aspects of psychotic diseases, in order to be able to differentiate between diverse psychiatric groups of diagnoses. By means of factor analysis (principal component analysis) with Varimax rotation we came to five easily distinguishable clinical-psychological well interpretable factors, from which we derived five scales. These scales seem to be appropriate for the characterization of premorbid personality traits. They represent the following clinical concepts: (1) cyclothymia, (2) sthenia, (3) anancasm, (4) hostility, (5) schizothymia. Formal examination of the factor-analytical proved scales according to criteria of classic test-theory (item-test correlation, reliability, distribution, intercorrelation) showed that we were able to measure rather independent dimensions of premorbid personality by our five scales with sufficient accuracy. To get evidence for the empirical validity of our scales we compared our test results (1) with three groups of different diagnoses concerning premorbid personality and (2) with the two diagnostic groups of schizophrenia and affective psychoses. We also tried to work out differential aspects within the diagnostic group of schizophrenia for four subgroups. As criteria for validity we sued clinical judgments of psychiatrists both for the premorbid personality and for the diagnosis of the present disease. On the whole our adjective check list turned out be as useful instrument to get a discriminating description of premorbid characteristic features which is better than a global evaluation in form of a single diagnosis. First First indications of the practical importance of our scales are discussed.
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PMID:[Assessment of the premorbid personality in endogenous psychoses. A factor-analytical study of the adjective check list of von Zerssen (author's transl)]. 84 9

The classical notion of neurosis as the prototypical form of nonpsychotic personality disturbance must be rejected in favor of the categories of (a) personality pattern disturbance and disorder of life style, and most especially, (b) character disorder. Category (a) would include schizoid, paranoid, and cyclothymic personality pattern disturbances and compulsive and hysteroid personality as disorders of life style. Each of these would occupy one end of a 'psychotoid' continuum, at the other end of which would be a familiar type of psychosis such as paranoid schizophrenia or pseudoneurotic schizophrenia. The most numerous of the nonpsychotic disturbances (in the tens of millions in the USA alone) come under category (b), the character disorders, involving a special sort of failure to inhibit impulse and unsocialized self-seeking. Character disorders are seen by us as turning on an eccentric axis, alternating between the two foci of 'dependency' and 'aggression'.
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PMID:Nonpsychotic personality disturbances: a re-evaluation and reclassification. 123 19

German language psychiatry has had and still has much difficulty in getting rid of the dichotomy of endogenous psychosis as set by Kraepelin. The concept which makes a distinction between schizophrenic psychosis and manic-depressive psychosis grants the former a predominant position by applying Jasper's hierarchic rule: the presence of symptoms regarded as schizophrenic indubitably attributes the disorder to schizophrenia. Such classification, however, does not necessarily imply that schizophrenia and cyclothymia (word proposed by K. Schneider for manic-depressive psychosis) represent separate nosological entities. It is admitted that it is possible for each group to include diseases whose hereditary transmission is not necessarily due to the same genetic predisposition. Thus, German language psychiatry has well accepted the possibility that bipolar manic-depressive psychosis and unipolar depressions represent separate etiologies. For most German-speaking psychiatrists, however, the distinction between endogenous and psychogenic depressions still remains a current assumption. The distinction between these two types of depression is generally made with reference to an "endogenous item profile" or to a depressive endogenomorphous axial syndrome. Only a few authors have accepted the model of continuity between these two types of depression proposed by the London school. The Hamburg school gave a new dimension to the conceptualization of manic-depressive psychosis by drawing attention on the existence of "rapidly alternating mixed states" which are much more common than the stable mixed conditions described by Kraepelin. On the basis of this concept and by questioning the validity of Jaspers' hierarchic rule, the Vienna school has considerably extended the limits of affectives psychosis to the detriment of the wide concept of schizophrenia described by K. Schneider.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Development of the manic-depressive concept in German language psychiatry]. 160 Sep 5

During the fasting dietetic therapy (FDT), 89 patients aged 46 to 75 years with mental disorders of nonpsychotic character (neurosis-like, neurotic and affective) were examined. The time-course of changes in the clinical status of patients with cerebral atherosclerosis, essential hypertension, slow-progredient schizophrenia, cyclothymia and manic-depressive psychosis, neuroses and lingering neurotic reactions during the FDT is described. The beneficial results in the form of considerable improvement and improvement of the mental status were attained in 83.2% of the patients. The elderly patients were found to tolerate FDT well. Side effects and somatic complications were recorded in 6 patients and were not serious. Based on the data obtained the FDT can be recommended for use on a wider basis in the management of elderly patients with borderline mental disorders.
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PMID:[Fasting-diet therapy of elderly patients with borderline mental disorders]. 165 75

Two equal samples each including 23 probands with nonpsychotic depressions within the framework of cyclothymia and sluggish schizophrenia and their relatives of the first degree kinship were examined. It has been established that the cyclothymic proband in the families is at high risk for endogenous affective disorders whereas during sluggish schizophrenia, the risk of mental diseases is not limited by cyclothymia. The probands' relatives may also be attributed to a group at risk for schizophrenia. The data obtained may be interpreted as pathogenetic evidence of the clinical differentiation of endogenous nonpsychotic depressions. Alcoholism and psychopathy loads in the families examined are under discussion.
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PMID:[Mental pathology in the families of patients with endogenous non-psychotic depression]. 166 18


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