Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

China's population is increasing at a rate of 12 million/year and the population doubled from 1949 to 1982. By the end of the century there will be 1 billion 300 million people when the land resources can accommodate only 680 million inhabitants. The policy of 1 child aims only at curtailing this growth by a system of awards and penalties. Contraceptives are free and widely available. As a result there are 32 million single children, and there is concern about the future care of the elderly. Since 1949 health care has improved. The infant mortality rate decreased from 200/1000 in 1949 to 34/1000 in 1982. Average life expectancy rose from 35 to 68 years. There are 2 million hospital beds and over 4 million medical personnel. Contagious and infectious diseases were eliminated in the 1950s, however, 60 million Chinese suffer from endemic disease, especially from snail fever. 40 million women use IUDs. There are 144 medical schools with 144,000 students. 1,200,000 paramedics provide primary care in the communes. There is an acute shortage of nurses because of its lowly status. Dependents pay 50% of health care while it is free for workers. Health education campaigns are widespread (1 child only, stop smoking). The elderly are cared for by their children, but grandparents also take care of grandchildren. Retirement age is 55 or 60 depending on gender and type of work. Professional visits were made to the Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital (gallstone treatment with herbs, heat-producing moxibustion for blood circulation), Norman Bethune Hospital, (suction and prostaglandins for abortion), Dongying Commune, Hebei Medical College (25 specialties for postgraduate students), Shandong Psychiatric Hospital in Jinan (treatment of acute psychoses, schizophrenia, or mania), the Provincial Hospital Jinan (cesarean operations are done with acupuncture anesthesia), Jinan School of Health (nursing curriculum demonstration), Shanghai First Social Welfare Home for the Elderly, and to several factories.
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PMID:Aspects of health care in China. 250 88

Between January 1985 and September 1994, 21 patients with psychiatric disorders underwent various forms of surgery at our hospital. There were 12 men and 9 women with an average age of 57.6 years. The coexisting psychiatric disorders were schizophrenia in 15 patients, depression in 2, dementia in 2, mental retardation with epilepsy in 1, and Parkinson's disease in 1. All the patients had been receiving neuroleptic medications for a long period. The indications for surgery were: cholelithiasis in 6 patients, acute appendicitis in 4, perforation of the small intestine in 3, incarceration of an inguinal hernia in 2, and esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, bleeding from a gastric ulcer, perforation of a duodenal ulcer, strangulating ileus, and burns in 1 patient each, respectively. All of the patients who underwent elective surgery were given epidural anesthesia with or without general anesthesia. Antipsychotic medications were given until just prior to surgery and recommenced concurrent with the first meal. Abnormal behavior was observed in 11 patients (52.4%) postoperatively, but all the patients were discharged in accordance with recovery from their surgical disorder. Intra- and postoperative hypotension resistant to intravenous catecholamine administration was recognized in 9 patients (42.9%), and this peculiar complication should be borne in mind when patients with psychiatric disorders require surgical management.
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PMID:Surgical treatment of patients with psychiatric disorders: a review of 21 patients. 913 Mar 38

About the 'Omnipotence' of the Chelation Therapy In the eighties the 'method of treatment proven in many thousands of cases over 20 years' was transferred from the USA to Germany (enjoys a priori considerable faith) using very dubious promises. It was Clarke et al. who introduced this 'therapy' in 1955. The dubious promise was to maintain that the chelation therapy eliminates or alleviates symptoms in the case of the following illnesses: Alzheimer's disease, senility, schizophrenia, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, gout, renal calculus, apoplectic coma, gallstones, multiple sclerosis, osteoporosis, chronic fatigue syndrome, varicose veins, hypertension, failure of memory, scleroderma, Raynaud's disease, digitalis intoxication, intermittent claudication, diabetic ulcer, disturbance of the blood supply, ulcer on the legs, snake poison, impotence, emotional difficulties, defective hearing, vision disorder. There is not the slightest proof of effectiveness for any of the listed indications. The burden of proof lies with the supplier. Even in the case of the relatively often examined peripheral atherosclerotic changes (claudicatio intermittens) there is no proof that EDTA has a greater effect than placebo. For coronary heart disease too there is no evidence for any usefulness of the chelation therapy beyond that of a placebo effect. Only controlled studies can help to improve the therapy in the sense of 'Evidence-based medicine'. Retrospective investigations on thousands of patients cannot 'prove' anything, although this is maintained again andagain.
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PMID:ber die laquo;Omnipotenz>> der Chelattherapie. 997 59

Gilbert's syndrome is defined as a hereditary, mild, chronic, unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia occurring in the absence of overt hemolysis or any other evidence of liver disease. It is caused by a mutation of the specific UDP glucuronosyl transferase conjugating bilirubin with glucuronic acid resulting in a reduced activity of this enzyme. Gilbert's syndrome is considered as a rather benign disorder without necessity of any therapeutic intervention. It is therefore crucial to establish a correct diagnosis and differentiate this syndrome from serious disorders of the liver tissue. In recent years strong antioxidant effects of bilirubin were demonstrated in numerous studies and the protective role of hyperbilirubinemia in the pathogenesis of various oxidative stress-mediated diseases was suggested. Gilbert's syndrome and its relationship to associated disorders such as hemolysis, pigment cholelithiasis, neonatal jaundice, schizophrenia and drug interactions are also being discussed.
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PMID:[Gilbert's syndrome--myths and reality]. 1530 63

22q11 Deletion Syndrome (22q11DS) is a common microdeletion syndrome with multisystem expression. Phenotypic features vary with age, ascertainment, and assessment. We systematically assessed 78 adults (36 M, 42 F; mean age 31.5, SD 10.5 years) with a 22q11.2 deletion ascertained through an adult congenital cardiac clinic (n = 35), psychiatric-related sources (n = 39), or as affected parents of subjects (n = 4). We recorded the lifetime prevalence of features requiring attention, with 95% confidence intervals (CI) not overlapping zero. Subtle learning difficulties, hypernasality and facial gestalt were not included. We investigated ascertainment effects using non-overlapping subgroups ascertained with tetralogy of Fallot (n = 31) or schizophrenia (n = 31). Forty-three features met inclusion criteria and were present in 5% or more patients, including several of later onset (e.g., hypothyroidism, cholelithiasis). Number of features per patient (median 9, range 3-22) correlated with hospitalizations (P = 0.0002) and, when congenital features were excluded, with age (P = 0.02). Adjusting for ascertainment, 25.8% (95% CI, 9.5-42.1%) of patients had cardiac anomalies and 22.6% (95% CI, 7.0-38.2%) had schizophrenia. Ascertainment subgroups were otherwise similar in median number and prevalence of features. Non-characteristic features are common in 22q11DS. Adjusting for ascertainment effects is important. Many treatable conditions may be anticipated and features may accumulate over time. The results have implications for clinical assessment and management, genetic counseling and research into pathophysiological mechanisms.
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PMID:Clinical features of 78 adults with 22q11 Deletion Syndrome. 1620 94

A 34-year-old woman with schizophrenia developed abdominal pain. Ultrasound demonstrated cholelithiasis and a dilated biliary tree. The patient underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), sphincterotomy, and extraction of gallstones from the common bile duct. She developed post-procedure fever, tachycardia, and abdominal pain and was taken to the operating room for urgent cholecystectomy with intraoperative cholangiogram. At laparotomy, an intramural dissecting duodenal hematoma was discovered, which extended the length of the duodenum and ruptured. She underwent gastric pyloric exclusion, gastrojejunostomy, and healed uneventfully. ERCP is not without risks, and a degree of vigilance should be maintained in patients who develop new symptomatology following the procedure.
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PMID:Ruptured Dissecting Intramural Duodenal Hematoma Following Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography. 2858 43