Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case is described of a young woman who first showed manifestations of schizophrenia in childhood. At the age of 13 years evidence was present of what was authoritatively diagnosed as a progressive degenerative cerebellar syndrome and her condition continued to deteriorate. Improvement commenced shortly after the institution of megavitamin therapy, notably nicotinic acid 3 grams daily. Her subsequent educational progress was satisfactory and her social rehabilitation is now complete. No medication other than nicotinic acid is required.
 ...
PMID:A neurological form of schizophrenia. 468 27

We studied the admission rate, risk factors, neurological complications and sequelae of heat stroke (HS) during the 1995 heat wave in Madison, Wisconsin. HS was epidemic in 1995 (2.3 cases/1000 admissions), compared to the ten-fold lower endemic rate in 1994 (0.2/ 1000). There were 11 cases of HS, 9 males and 2 females. Contributing factors were athletic events (2), working outdoors (3) and indoor activity with malfunctioning air-conditioning (6). Medical conditions contributing to poor temperature regulation included schizophrenia with neuroleptic treatment (2), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis receiving nortriptiline (1), multiple sclerosis (1), attention deficit disorder (1), cystic fibrosis (1) and alcoholism (1). Acute neurological complications occurred in all patients on presentation including coma (8/11.73%), stupor (2/ 11.18%) and seizures (1/11.9%). Two patients (1856) had persistent neurological sequelae in the form of a pan-cerebellar syndrome while the remaining 9 recovered fully. Importantly, avoidable factors contributed to all of the patients with underlying diseases. These patients are particularly at risk and should take adequate precautions during summer months.
 ...
PMID:Epidemic heat stroke in a midwest community: risk factors, neurological complications and sequelae. 916 37

A common pathological finding in autism is a localized deficit in Purkinje cells (PCs). Cerebellar abnormalities have also been reported in schizophrenia. Using a mouse model that exploits a known risk factor for these disorders, maternal infection, we asked if the offspring of pregnant mice given a mid-gestation respiratory infection have cerebellar pathology resembling that seen in these disorders. We also tested the effects of maternal immune activation in the absence of virus by injection of the synthetic dsRNA, poly(I:C). We infected pregnant mice with influenza on embryonic day 9.5 (E9.5), or injected poly(I:C) i.p. on E12.5, and assessed the linear density of PCs in the cerebellum of adult or postnatal day 11 (P11) offspring. To study granule cell migration, we also injected BrdU on P11. Adult offspring of influenza- or poly(I:C)-exposed mice display a localized deficit in PCs in lobule VII of the cerebellum, as do P11 offspring. Coincident with this are heterotopic PCs, as well as delayed migration of granule cells in lobules VI and VII. The cerebellar pathology observed in the offspring of influenza- or poly(I:C)-exposed mice is strikingly similar to that observed in autism. The poly(I:C) findings indicate that deficits are likely caused by the activation of the maternal immune system. Finally, our data suggest that cerebellar abnormalities occur during embryonic development, and may be an early deficit in autism and schizophrenia.
 ...
PMID:Activation of the maternal immune system alters cerebellar development in the offspring. 1875 64

Cerebellar abnormalities have been documented in schizophrenia in postmortem, functional and volumetric neuroimaging studies. This study aims to establish the relationship between structural changes in the cerebellum and executive dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia using voxel-based morphometry. We compared 28 outpatients with 28 healthy controls. A widely used executive battery and the voxel-based morphometry approach were used to investigate possible structural cerebellum changes on magnetic resonance imaging. Working memory dysfunctions in schizophrenia correlated with grey matter in both cerebellar hemispheres and vermis. Mental flexibility dysfunctions also correlated with reductions in white matter volume in bilateral cerebellum. This evidence supports the contribution of cerebellar grey and white matter deficits to executive dysfunctions observed in schizophrenia.
 ...
PMID:Cerebellar deficits in schizophrenia are associated with executive dysfunction. 1879 8

SYNE1 gene mutations were identified as a cause of late-onset pure cerebellar syndrome. Non-cerebellar symptoms, including cognitive impairment, were already described in this condition. The aim of this study was to perform a detailed cognitive and psychiatric description of patients with SYNE1 gene mutations. We performed neuropsychological and psychiatric evaluations of six patients with SYNE1 ataxia and compared their performance with 18 normal controls paired for age and education level. SYNE1 ataxia patients present cognitive dysfunction, characterized by impairment in attention and processing speed domains. Otherwise, the psychiatric assessment reported low levels of overall behavioral symptoms with only some minor anxiety-related complaints. Although this is a small sample of patients, these results suggest that SYNE1 ataxia patients may represent a model to investigate effects of cerebellar degeneration in higher hierarchical cognitive functions. For further studies, abstract thinking impairment in schizophrenia may be related to dysfunction in cerebellum pathways.
 ...
PMID:Cognitive and Psychiatric Evaluation in SYNE1 Ataxia. 3104 53