Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This investigation examined self-reported psychopathology in a school-based sample of 456 suicidal and nonsuicidal adolescents. The sample consisted of four groups: three at-risk for suicidal behavior based on current suicidal ideation as assessed by the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (SIQ; Reynolds, 1988), past suicide attempts, or both; and one nonsuicidal comparison group. Psychopathology was examined using ten scales from the Adolescent Psychopathology Scale (APS; Reynolds, 1998a) including: Major Depression, Conduct Disorder, Substance Abuse, Schizophrenia, Adjustment Disorder, Anorexia Nervosa, Borderline Personality Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder, Schizotypal Personality Disorder, and Avoidant Personality Disorder. Analyses were conducted separately for males and females using a MANOVA design that examined psychopathology severity among the four groups. Adolescents who engaged in past or current suicidal behavior had higher psychopathology severity scores compared to their nonsuicidal peers. Males with current suicidal thoughts who had attempted suicide had the highest levels of psychopathology severity compared to males in the other three groups. Females with a past suicide attempt or current suicidal ideation had higher psychopathology severity scores compared to nonsuicidal females. Results show greater psychopathology in school-based adolescents who have engaged in past and/or current suicidal behavior. The need for clinicians and mental health professionals working with at-risk youth to focus on concurrent psychopathology along with suicidal behavior is discussed.
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PMID:An investigation of psychopathology in nonreferred suicidal and nonsuicidal adolescents. 1157 13

Differences in assessment and classification procedures of many mixed-handedness studies have made comparison of findings difficult. In the present study, "narrow" and "broad" definitions of mixed-handedness were investigated using the Annett Handedness Questionnaire in patients with schizophrenia (n=68), panic disorder (n=62), borderline personality disorder (n=35), heroin addiction (n=54), and mental retardation (n=33) in comparison with 944 controls. According to the "narrow" definition of mixed-handedness, an excess of mixed-handedness was observed in patients with borderline personality disorder and mental retardation. An excess of nonmixed-handedness was found in patients with panic disorder. According to the "broad" definition of mixed-handedness, an excess of mixed-handedness was observed in patients with mental retardation, in the total sample of psychiatric patients (n=252), and in the schizophrenic patients. Thus, we can conclude that different mixed-handedness definitions can be associated with different results. Furthermore, we suggest that the neurotic part of the present psychopathology spectrum tends to be related to an excess of normal or nonmixed-handedness, and the psychotic as well as the organic portion is associated with an excess of mixed-handedness, regardless of the definition of mixed-handedness used.
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PMID:Narrow and broad definition of mixed-handedness in male psychiatric patients. 1180 78

A previous questionnaire study suggested that drug use disorder (DUD: abuse/dependence on drugs, other than alcohol) in Japanese eating disorder (ED) patients was less prevalent than in Western countries, although eating and drug use disorders have spread simultaneously in Western countries. However, the precise prevalence and comorbidity features remain unknown. Subjects consisted of 62 patients with anorexia nervosa restricting type; 48 patients with anorexia nervosa binge eating/purging type; and 75 patients with bulimia nervosa purging type. The Japanese version of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R; the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Personality Disorders; and the supplement module of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Lifetime version were used for the interview. Sixteen (8.6%, 95% CI = 4.6-12.7%) patients had lifetime diagnoses of DUD. Drugs were solvent fumes or benzodiazepines, and only one patient had been dependent on methamphetamine. More than half of the patients with lifetime DUD diagnoses were multi-impulsivitists. On multivariate analysis, DUD was significantly linked with childhood parental loss, history of conduct disorder and borderline personality disorder. Thus, the prevalence of DUD in Japanese ED patients was indeed lower than that in Western countries. However, similar comorbidity was found in ED patients with DUD compared with that of those in Western countries. The current study suggests that ED and DUD have different origins, although they share the feature of impulsivity. Further study in the general population is needed to clarify these issues.
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PMID:Drug use disorders in Japanese eating disorder patients. 1192 43

The cause of the 'borderline personality disorder' of Vincent van Gogh has been discussed in social-psychiatric terms related to so-called 'substitute children', born after the loss of a previous child. A biological-organic genesis, i.e. the very short birth interval of precisely one year between Van Gogh and his older brother appears to be a more plausible explanation. Personality disorders, which are part of the spectrum of schizophrenic disorders, seem to belong to the very broad 'continuum of reproductive casualties' and to be caused by non-optimal maturation of the oocyte during the postpartum restoration of the ovulatory pattern. This continuum occurs during each of the transitional stages of reproductive life in which the maturation of the oocyte is constrained and consists of chromosomal aberrations, (discordant) monozygotic twins, early and late foetal death, preterm births, intrauterine growth retardation, congenital abnormalities, perinatal and neonatal mortality, cot death, growth and mental defects, and finally, chronic or 'constitutional' diseases. Non-optimal maturation of the oocyte appears to be a risk factor for the reproductive casualties stated.
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PMID:[Short pregnancy interval and reproductive disorders]. 1219 9

Although quetiapine was introduced as an atypical antipsychotic drug with clinical efficacy in schizophrenia patients, it has been used in a variety of disease states over the last 5 years. The most common conditions have included mood and anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, aggression, hostility, posttraumatic stress disorder, borderline personality disorder, delirium, and comorbid substance abuse. Considering its efficacy in a wide variety of neuropsychiatric conditions and its excellent tolerability profile, quetiapine could emerge as a broad-spectrum psychotropic medication that may be helpful in psychiatry across various diagnostic categories. Traditionally, studies on the predictive validity of psychiatric disorders help with nosologic issues and controversies. Assessing quetiapine's tolerability and its overall treatment response might help tease out the predictive validity of various psychiatric syndromes (based currently on an atheoretical descriptive approach) and may shape psychiatric nosology in the future. Quetiapine's low affinity and fast dissociation from postsynaptic dopamine-2 receptors give the least risk of producing acute extrapyramidal side effects, tardive dyskinesia, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. These factors suggest that the clinical utility of quetiapine in psychiatric conditions other than schizophrenia has not been fully exploited thus far.
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PMID:Clinical use of quetiapine in disease states other than schizophrenia. 1256 45

Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is a critical treatment of malignant illnesses including leukemia and others. Successful achievement of BMT requires the patients to tolerate isolation for several weeks to avoid infections. They are also required to follow several regulations and instructions to survive the treatment because the patients' physical condition is complicated due to the malignant illness, preparatory treatment and transplant of bone marrow from other subjects. These could be a significant challenge for patients with mental disorders. Here the cases are reported of seven leukemia patients who were referred to the Metropolitan Komagome Hospital for BMT from April 1996 through May 2000, who had been suffering from mental disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar I mood disorder, panic disorder, dysthymic disorder, autistic disorder, and borderline personality disorder, prior to the treatment. The BMT was achieved in six out of the seven subjects; the exception was a subject with borderline personality disorder. Psychiatric treatments, including medication, to improve and maintain mental status appeared to be critical for the achievement of BMT in several patients. Understanding of the status of the malignant disease and the role of BMT was another significant issue. Test admission seemed to be helpful to reduce concerns and anxiety both in the patients and hospital staff.
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PMID:Bone marrow transplantation in subjects with mental disorders. 1275 72

This paper reviews the literature examining the psychopathology found in relatives of individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Reflecting changes in how BPD has been conceptualized, researchers have investigated the prevalence of schizophrenia, then mood disorders, and more recently, impulse spectrum disorders in these relatives. This literature does not support a link between BPD and schizophrenia, is ambiguous about a link between BPD and major depressive disorder, and suggests a familial aggregation of impulse spectrum disorders and BPD, as well as of BPD itself. Because of significant methodological problems, most notably indirect assessments and inadequate sample size, major questions persist about the familial aggregation of this disorder that require more definitive methods.
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PMID:Family studies of borderline personality disorder: a review. 1286 37

INTRODUCTION: With the introduction of newer atypical antipsychotic agents, a question emerged, concerning their use as complementary pharmacotherapy or even as monotherapy in mental disorders other than psychosis. MATERIAL AND METHOD: MEDLINE was searched with the combination of each one of the key words: risperidone, olanzapine and quetiapine with key words that refered to every DSM-IV diagnosis other than schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and dementia and memory disorders. All papers were scored on the basis of the JADAD index. RESULTS: The search returned 483 papers. The selection process restricted the sample to 59 papers concerning Risperidone, 37 concerning Olanzapine and 4 concerning Quetiapine (100 in total). Ten papers (7 concerning Risperidone and 3 concerning Olanzapine) had JADAD index above 2. Data suggest that further research would be of value concerning the use of risperidone in the treatment of refractory OCD, Pervasive Developmental disorder, stuttering and Tourette's syndrome, and the use of olanzapine for the treatment of refractory depression and borderline personality disorder. DISCUSSION: Data on the off-label usefulness of newer atypical antipsychotics are limited, but positive cues suggest that further research may provide with sufficient hard data to warrant the use of these agents in a broad spectrum of psychiatric disorders, either as monotherapy, or as an augmentation strategy.
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PMID:Off-label indications for atypical antipsychotics: A systematic review. 1497 68

Several methodological barriers impede discovery of early illness pathways in schizophrenia, including small samples, elongated study periods, and failure to integrate procedures and data across prodromal and first episode projects. A compounding factor is the tendency for single-site studies to focus narrowly on schizophrenia risk factors, rather than exploring vulnerability mechanisms that may cut across DSM-IV boundaries. To address these concerns, we discuss the merits of an integrated multisite approach to research that promotes large-scale investigation into the earliest phases of serious mental illness. The distinctive characteristics of this collaborative approach to early serious mental illness research could include (1) subject recruitment across several sites; (2) a broad diagnostic focus; (3) a core clinical and neuroscience assessment protocol; (4) longitudinal evaluation of subjects through a range of outcomes; and (5) an iterative approach to psychopathology research. This model represents a method for exploring prodromal phenotypes, for discovering causal risk mechanisms, and for investigating the biological and environmental interactions that define the early course of several disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar illness, and borderline personality disorder. This strategy could speed discovery of clinical tools most relevant to the earliest stages of serious mental illness; i.e., better methods of screening, diagnosing, and treating mental disorders before symptoms and impairments solidify into chronic disabilities.
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PMID:Overcoming barriers to research in early serious mental illness: issues for future collaboration. 1498 20

Valproate (the active moiety of both valproic acid and divalproex sodium) is commonly used as an adjunctive agent for the treatment of schizophrenia. Among the anticonvulsants, valproate is the most extensively studied in patients with schizophrenia. Theoretical underpinnings for valproate in schizophrenia include its effect on voltage-gated ion channels and on the g-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system, thus modulating mesolimbic dopaminergic activity. Case reports, retrospective studies, and randomized clinical trials support the use of valproate combined with antipsychotics in managing schizophrenia. A recently completed 28-day, double-blind, randomized clinical trial of 249 patients with schizophrenia demonstrated faster improvement in psychopathology with a combination therapy of divalproex and risperidone or olanzapine, compared to monotherapy with risperidone or olanzapine. Additional research is needed to assess the utility of valproate in specialized populations such as those with treatment-refractory schizophrenia or agitation in schizophrenia. Regarding the latter, positive double-blind, randomized clinical trials have already been conducted in patients with borderline personality disorder, dementia, and with disruptive adolescents. It is anticipated that future research will focus on the new extended-release formulation of divalproex that can be administered on a once-daily basis.
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PMID:Schizophrenia and valproate. 1502 63


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