Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Since neither the unipolar nor the bipolar theories of manic-depressive psychosis explain all its features, an alternative model was tested. The hypotheses are that mixed affective psychoses represent a superimposition on hypomania of a second type of depression which can sometimes develop from the depressive phase of manic-depressive psychosis, and that schizophrenia occurring in the course of a manic-depressive illness is an alternative to mixed affective psychosis. From an examination of the clinical histories of a random sample of people with bipolar manic-depressive psychosis, evidence was found to support both ideas.
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PMID:Mixed affective states and the natural history of manic-depressive psychosis. 42 31

A study of 246 patients (with schizophrenia, manic depressive psychoses and psychoorganic syndrome) treated by some drugs of a metabolic action (encephalotropic", "nootropic" drugs, piracetam, piriditol and pantogam) permitted one to determine the place of these preparations in a comprehensive treatment of mental disorders. On the basis of clinical studies of the above-mentioned preparations, the conclusion is made about desirability (and in some cases about necessity) of including them into pharmacotherapy. During such studies certain traits of the clinical effect in each of these drugs was examined, permitting the comparative spectra of the pharmacological activity of piracetam, piriditol and pantogam to be determined. The clinical studies of these patients indicate the necessity of a differentiated use of the mentioned drugs having in view the state of the patient and detected clinical profile of the drugs.
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PMID:[Certain principles for differential utilization of metabolic treatment preparations in the complex therapy of mental disorders]. 48 44

Serum acid glycosaminoglycans (GAG) levels were measured in 50 normals and 177 samples from different types of psychiatric patients. Mean levels were significantly higher in paranoid type schizophrenia, organic brain syndrome associated psychosis and manic type manic-depressive psychosis. The levels returned to slightly above the normal range upon partial remission in paranoid schizophrenics. In catatonic and hebephrenic schizophrenias the values were in the upper part of normal range. The levels were either in upper normal range or slightly higher in non-psychotic organic brain syndrome. In depressed type manic depressive psychosis levels were either lower than normal or in the lower part of normal range.
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PMID:Serum and mucopolysaccharide (glycosaminoglycans) levels in psychiatric patients. 53 May 11

The authors report of some results in a long-term (not less than 3 years) prophylactical administration of lithium preparations in 123 patients wiht manic-depressive psychosis and with favourable recurrent schizophrenia. The data contain some considerations in relation to variants of fractional, even and a partial reduction of the psychopathological phasic signs. In 28 patients in the interphasic period there was an anesthetic subdepression. The achieved results are analyzed by the authors from the point of view of a positive and negative therapeutical pathomorphosis.
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PMID:[Therapeutic pathomorphosis of affective psychoses during the process of long-term treatment with lithium salts]. 56 4

This study replicates and extends earlier work by finding that low levels of platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity correlate with sensation seeking, high ego strength, positive affect, and high leisure time activity levels, somewhat similar psychological correlates also being found for plasma amine oxidase activity. Although there are several ways in which a schizophrenia/MAO relationship may exist and still be congruent with the present data, these results pose difficulties for theories which link low MAO activity levels specifically to schizophrenia. Nothing in the present findings, however, is incongruent with the possibility of an association between low platelet MAO activity and bipolar affective disorder.
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PMID:Psychological correlates of monoamine oxidase activity in normals. 64 36

Ten patients discharged with the diagnosis of "sensitiver Beziehungswahn" were followed up 22--28 years after their discharge. In one case, the course of the illness indicates that the patient suffered from a manic-depressive psychosis, and in two cases, this diagnosis was likely. In two cases the disorder seemed definitely to be schizophrenia. One case was presumably a transient paranoid reaction. One patient was likely to have suffered from hysteria or epilepsy, three cases remained uncertain. The study did not prove suitable in the evaluation of the validity of "sensitiver Beziehungswahn" as a nosological entity, since at the time of diagnosis the patients only incompletely fulfilled the criteria set up the Kretschmer, but it throws light on the diagnostic practice and the tendency to a change between the classification into many independent disease entities and the subsequent inclusion into larger and fewer forms.
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PMID:Sensitive delusion of reference, "sensitiver Beziehungswahn". Some reflections on diagnostic practice. 71 9

The activity of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 59 psychiatric patients has been analyzed by a highly sensitive radio-enzymatic assay. There was no sex difference in DBH, but there was a significant positive correlation with age. Probenecid administration had no effect on CSF DBH. DBH in CSF correlated positively (r = 0.60) with the plasma enzyme. Among patients hospitalized for major depressive disorder, unipolar or bipolar, schizo-affective disorder, schizophrenia, alcoholism, or personality disorders there were no significant between-group differences. Among the patients with bipolar affective disorder, DBH activity from manic patients was significantly lower than that from depressed or euthymic patients. The results are discussed with reference to the theory that the amount of DBH in CSF may serve as an indicator of central noradrenergic activity.
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PMID:Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in the cerebrospinal fluid of psychiatric patients. 73 56

Several recent data indicate the blood-brain transport of amino acids as a critical factor in the synthesis of monoamines. The complex, peripheral and central regulation of TP transport plays an essential role sine TP-hydroxylase is not a saturated enzyme. The hydroxylated derivatives 5-HTP and dopa are probably transported into the brain by similar mechanisms as their precursors TP and tyrosine, respectively. The maic-depressive patients show an increased uptake of administered L-5-HTP in the depressive phase, whereas L-dopa uptake is enhanced in the manic phase. Heuristically, we propose a biochemical model of manic-depressive psychosis in which an increased TP uptake causes alternation in the balance of monoaminergic system activity. Depression is possibly characterized by a hyperserotonergic and a relative hypocatecholaminergic activity. In contrast, mania is possibly determined by a hypercatecholaminergic (NA and DA) and a relative hyposerotonergic activity. The data offered by the physiology of monoamines, the semeiology and the biological alterations of the manic-depressive psychosis, as well as the monoaminergic and the electrolyte theory of manic-depressive psychosis. A diminution of the transport of TP with consequent increase of that of tyrosine represents a possible biochemical model of schizophrenia which may be well explained by a hyposerotonergic-hyperdopaminergic activity, with or without noradrenergic insufficiency. This model is compatible with our knowledge on the monoamine physiology, the biological alterations of schizophrenia, the therapeutical results as well as with the classical clinical notions (typology, intermediate syndromes and crossed heritance).
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PMID:The common pathophysiology of monaminergic psychoses: a new hypothesis. 77 59

The authors studied the familial (marital) state in schizophrenia and manic-depressive psychosis. The marital level in these patients is considered as one of the indices of social adaptation. It was demonstrated that the marital level differs significantly from the general populations in malignant schizophrenia where most of the patients do not marry at all. In other forms of schizophrenia these differences appear to be much less, while some people being not married by 50 years do not differ significantly from the respective indices for the population. In manic-depressive psychosis the differences are less. Among the patients who did get married the age at the time of marriage and the duration of the marriage is comparable with the data on the population and consequently these indices are determined to a large extent by general demographic regularities rather than by the disease.
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PMID:[Family conditions of patients with schizophrenia and manic-depressive psychosis according to epidemiologic findings (marriage)]. 89 75

The report deals with the results of a long-term (up to 7 years) therapeuticoprophylactic use of lithium salts in 80 patients with manic-depressive psychosis and attack-like schizophrenia. It was possible to confirm the nosological predictiveness of this method in manic-depressive psychosis. The authors show some indications for the use of lithium in periodical schizophrenia with affective and affective-delusional attacks. A study of the pathomorphosis of clinical signs permitted to distinguish 2 types in the dynamics of the disease development during lithium treatment and correlating with different therapeutical effects. The authors analyze the changes of psychopathological structures in the attacks (phases) during lithium salt treatment.
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PMID:[Clinical aspects of lithium prevention of endogenous phasic-affective psychoses]. 89 44


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