Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There is a need for reeducation of the population, especially in developed countries, as to the value of cereals in the diet. Cereals provide calories and important nutrients to the diet. Refined cereal products and unrefined cereals have certain advantages and disadvantages. With refinement, some nutrients and fiber are removed, but the body is better able to make use of certain nutrients. Essential nutrients are being replaced through fortification to compensate for losses in processing. The high fiber content of unrefined cereal products is believed to aid in the prevention of certain diseases. Special dietary bakery products have been introduced for the treatment of conditions generally exacerbated by standard food items. The increased consumption of cereal products appears warranted as a means of decreasing the saturated fat and cholesterol consumption. Cereals and cereal products have been mentioned in connection with allergies, celiac disease, schizophrenia, obesity, dental caries, cancer, atherosclerosis, goiter, and diverticulosis. This review discusses the possible role of cereals in the prevention or cause of these health problems.
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PMID:The nutritional and physiological impact of cereal products in human nutrition. 33 51

With the aid of a clinico-statistical method the authors studied 1514 patients older than 60 years. The following facts were found. There was prevalence of females in schizophrenia, circular psychoses, neurosis, atherosclerosis and senile dementia. Depressive syndromes were more often seen in females, subaffective and paranoid--in males (these syndromes were most linked with sex). In aging schizophrenic patients there waa a significant increase of hallucinatory-delusional syndromes (both in males and females), depressions in females, a tendency towards a drop in the frequency of depression in males. The linkage of syndromes with sex decreased along with aging.
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PMID:[The sex factor and mental disorders of advanced age]. 64 21

During the fasting dietetic therapy (FDT), 89 patients aged 46 to 75 years with mental disorders of nonpsychotic character (neurosis-like, neurotic and affective) were examined. The time-course of changes in the clinical status of patients with cerebral atherosclerosis, essential hypertension, slow-progredient schizophrenia, cyclothymia and manic-depressive psychosis, neuroses and lingering neurotic reactions during the FDT is described. The beneficial results in the form of considerable improvement and improvement of the mental status were attained in 83.2% of the patients. The elderly patients were found to tolerate FDT well. Side effects and somatic complications were recorded in 6 patients and were not serious. Based on the data obtained the FDT can be recommended for use on a wider basis in the management of elderly patients with borderline mental disorders.
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PMID:[Fasting-diet therapy of elderly patients with borderline mental disorders]. 165 75

Fifty patients with endogenous and age-related organic psychoses (10 with schizophrenia, 6 with maniac-depressive psychosis, 11 with involution psychoses, 18 with cerebral atherosclerosis, 5 with senile dementia) were under this investigation. Characteristic of these were distinct depressions with suicidal tendencies. Clinical features of depression and suicidal manifestations were closely linked to age-related influences. Irrespective of nosology, depressive constructs simplified in aging with melancholic-dysphoric affect getting more and more pronounced. Distinct hypochondriac and relation delusions evolved and the feeling of solitude increased. Suicidal intentions became simple and primitively stereotyped, suicidal preparedness fell and suicidal attempts acquired increasingly impulsive nature. Severity and acuity of depressive experiences and suicidal attempts did not enhance with age.
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PMID:[Suicidal tendencies in endogenous and organic depression in elderly patients]. 323 62

The author studies 109 patients with schizophrenia combined with cerebrovascular pathology (vegetovascular crises, essential hypertension, cerebral atherosclerosis). The effect of vascular disorders on the clinical picture and course of different forms of schizophrenia was found to be heterogeneous, being dependent on the severity of vascular disease, as well as the type of the course and progression of the schizophrenic process. Changes in the psychopathological structure of schizophrenic manifestations were the greatest in patients with periodic, shift-like, and slowly progressive schizophrenia.
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PMID:[Effect of vascular pathology on the clinical picture of schizophrenia]. 382 75

In chronic schizophrenic patients treated with phenothiazines (Chlorpromazine, Levomepromazine, Perphenazine) for long periods (average = 8 years), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were significantly lower (P less than 0.001) compared with normal controls. The HDL subfractions showed that HDL3-C was significantly low (P less than 0.005) whereas HDL2-C was not. Both serum apo A-I and apo A-II levels were also low (P less than 0.005 and P less than 0.001, respectively) in schizophrenics treated with phenothiazines. The serum triglycerides (TG) level was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in patients treated with phenothiazines than in controls. No significant differences in total cholesterol (TC), TG and HDL-C were found between users and nonusers of benzodiazepine in schizophrenic patients receiving phenothiazines. In addition to chronic schizophrenic patients, 8 new patients with schizophrenia and related diseases were studied. The serum HDL-C level decreased by 24% within 1 week following administration of phenothiazines. No significant differences were found in TC and TG levels for 10 weeks after initiation of phenothiazine administration.
Atherosclerosis
PMID:Decreased concentration of high density lipoprotein cholesterol in schizophrenic patients treated with phenothiazines. 614 20

To determine if there are seasonal variations in serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), the concentration of HDL-C was measured monthly for 12 consecutive months in 31 healthy men and 24 male inpatients with schizophrenia. In addition to HDL-C, total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations in serum were assayed, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was estimated by calculation. Mean serum HDL-C levels of schizophrenic patients were significantly low compared with those of healthy controls, 35 +/- 12 and 49 +/- 11 mg/dl, respectively. The TC levels of schizophrenic patients were significantly higher in January and March as compared with August. The HDL-C levels in summer and autumn were significantly lower than those in winter and spring in both healthy men and schizophrenic patients. The concentration of LDL-C was significantly high in September and October as compared with April in healthy men. In patients with schizophrenia, LDL-C level seemed higher in January and March as compared with August.
Atherosclerosis 1983 Aug
PMID:Seasonal variation of serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in men. 661 81

This report describes two cases of acute zolpidem overdose. The decedent in the first case was a 36-year-old female found dead in bed in her secured home. She had a history of psychiatric illness, including paranoid disorder, depression with panic episodes, and post-traumatic stress disorder. She was treated with risperidone and sertraline. Nine months prior to her death, the decedent was also prescribed zolpidem (Ambien). The postmortem examination revealed white foam within the larynx and upper trachea, which is indicative of pulmonary edema. Toxicological analyses of the urine showed the presence of caffeine, risperidone, and zolpidem. Subsequent quantitation of postmortem iliac serum revealed 5.6 microg/L of 9-hydroxyrisperidone and the following zolpidem concentrations: blood (subclavian), 4.5 mg/L; blood (iliac), 7.7 mg/L; vitreous humor, 1.6 mg/L; bile, 8.9 mg/L; urine, 1.2 mg/L; liver, 22.6 mg/kg; and gastric contents, 42 mg. The second case involved a 58-year old female, also found dead in bed, with white foam around her mouth. The decedent had a 25-year history of hypertension and mental illness--manic depression and schizophrenia. She was medicated with carbamazepine, naproxen, risperidone, and zolpidem. The postmortem examination revealed cardiomegaly, pulmonary edema, hepatomegaly, mild coronary atherosclerosis, and no signs of trauma. Toxicological analyses of the urine showed the presence of zolpidem and carbamazepine and metabolite. Zolpidem concentrations were as follows: blood (iliac), 1.6 mg/L; vitreous humor, 0.52 mg/L; bile, 2.6 mg/L; liver, 12 mg/kg; and gastric contents, 0.9 mg. The zolpidem blood concentrations of these cases are consistent with those of the previously published fatalities. The blood/vitreous humor ratios of zolpidem were 2.81 (subclavian) and 4.81 (iliac) in the first case and 3.08 (iliac) in the second case. These ratios, along with the sampling times of blood and vitreous humor for both cases, are not conclusive to indicate a definitive presence or absence of postmortem drug redistribution of zolpidem. The cause of death for both cases was determined to be acute zolpidem overdose, and manner of death was suicide.
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PMID:Acute zolpidem overdose--report of two cases. 1051 69

Within a few years the 80,000 human genes will be identified which will increase our understanding of the genetic aspects of a large number of diseases, not only the relatively rare monogenic diseases but also the more frequent multifactorial diseases such as atherosclerosis, thrombosis and schizophrenia. Pharmacogenomics will lead to particular medication that is tuned to the genetic variations of the patient. Presently this increase in knowledge in the area of DNA diagnosis and genetic counselling will lead to a continuous increase in requests for assays. The possibilities for application will depend on new technological developments such as the DNA array technology and automation. To meet the increasing number of requests for genetic counselling, genetic nurses will have to play an important role. Moreover, collaboration between clinical geneticists and other specialists will have to be further intensified.
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PMID:[Genetics in medical practice after 2000]. 1057 26

Serotonin (5-HT), released from activated platelets, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). 5-HT induces platelet aggregation and vascular contraction through 5-HT2A receptor activation at sites of coronary atherosclerosis, leading to thrombus formation. Recently, a 5-HT2A receptor gene T102C polymorphism has been reported to be associated with clinical response to 5-HT2A receptor antagonist in patients with schizophrenia, suggesting this polymorphism of the gene affects the 5-HT2A receptor function. To investigate the relationship between the T102C polymorphism and AMI, we conducted a case-control study of 255 non-fatal AMI patients and 255 control subjects. Among the patients, the prevalence of TT genotype was significantly higher than in controls (32.5 vs. 24.3%; P<0.05). In male patients (n=216), the prevalence was much higher than in control subjects (33.8 vs. 24. 1%, P<0.03). In multiple logistic regression models, odds ratio of TT genotype was 1.45 (95% CI 0.96-2.20) in all and 1.61 (95% CI 1. 03-2.53) (P<0.05) in males. The association of T102C polymorphism of the 5-HT2A receptor gene with non-fatal AMI was statistically significant and independent of other risk factors in males. The TT genotype of the 5-HT2A receptor gene may enhance susceptibility to AMI. Our observations suggest that the T102C polymorphism of the 5-HT2A receptor gene can serve as a new genetic marker for AMI.
Atherosclerosis 2000 May
PMID:T102C polymorphism of the serotonin (5-HT) 2A receptor gene in patients with non-fatal acute myocardial infarction. 1078 45


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